Från direktiv till verklighet: En nulägesanalys av EPBD, EED och CSRD våren 2025
(2025) In 0349-4969 VBEL05 20251Department of Building and Environmental Technology
Construction Management
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Bygg- och fastighetssektorn står idag för cirka 40% av EU:s totala energianvändning och 36% av de energirelaterade utsläppen av växthusgaser. Samtidigt har en stor del av byggnadsbeståndet låg energiprestanda och omställningstakten mot ett mer energieffektivt och klimatneutralt byggnadsbestånd är låg. För att påskynda denna utveckling har EU antagit en tillväxtstrategi med målet att vid år 2050 uppnå klimatneutralitet. Som en del av denna strategi har direktivet om byggnaders energiprestanda, EPBD, direktivet om energieffektivitet, EED, och direktivet vad gäller företags hållbarhetsrapportering, CSRD, tagits fram. Direktiven utgör en central del av EU:s hållbarhetsarbete inom byggsektorn. Tillsammans innebär EPBD, EED och CSRD ett skifte... (More)
- Bygg- och fastighetssektorn står idag för cirka 40% av EU:s totala energianvändning och 36% av de energirelaterade utsläppen av växthusgaser. Samtidigt har en stor del av byggnadsbeståndet låg energiprestanda och omställningstakten mot ett mer energieffektivt och klimatneutralt byggnadsbestånd är låg. För att påskynda denna utveckling har EU antagit en tillväxtstrategi med målet att vid år 2050 uppnå klimatneutralitet. Som en del av denna strategi har direktivet om byggnaders energiprestanda, EPBD, direktivet om energieffektivitet, EED, och direktivet vad gäller företags hållbarhetsrapportering, CSRD, tagits fram. Direktiven utgör en central del av EU:s hållbarhetsarbete inom byggsektorn. Tillsammans innebär EPBD, EED och CSRD ett skifte från frivilliga ambitioner till lagstadgade krav på hur byggnader ska utformas, förvaltas och redovisas. Eftersom direktiven implementeras successivt råder samtidigt en stor osäkerhet i branschen, inte minst bland mindre aktörer, kring vad som faktiskt krävs och när olika delar träder i kraft.
Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att undersöka vad direktiven EPBD, EED och CSRD innebär i praktiken och hur de samverkar. Vidare har det undersökts hur direktiven kan komma att påverka fastighetsägare samt om miljöcertifieringar, särskilt Miljöbyggnad, kan fungera som ett stöd i att tolka och uppfylla kraven.
Arbetet har genomförts i samarbete med Elektrokyl Energiteknik AB och bygger på en litteraturstudie och kvalitativa intervjuer. Litteraturstudien fokuserade på direktivens innehåll, bakgrund och implementering i Sverige, samt på certifieringssystemen Miljöbyggnad och dess utformning i jämförelse med direktivens krav. Intervjustudien bestod av semistrukturerade intervjuer med aktörer från energi-, fastighets- och certifieringsbranschen. Detta för att fånga olika perspektiv på kunskapsläget gällande direktiven, utmaningar och möjligheter i dagsläget samt användningen av miljöcertifieringar.
Studien visar att direktiven tillsammans utgör en sammanhängande struktur för tekniska krav, energieffektivisering över tid och extern rapportering. Vidare visar intervjuerna att direktiven uppfattas som komplexa och att kunskapsnivån varierar, men generellt är låg. Respondenterna uttryckte osäkerhet kring vad som faktiskt krävs, hur direktiven hänger ihop och vilken typ av dokumentation som kommer att efterfrågas. Vikten av ekonomiska incitament och stöd lyftes fram som avgörande för att underlätta och främja omställningen. Samtidigt framkom det att Miljöbyggnad Nybyggnad, iDrift och Ombyggnad med deras väl etablerade metoder kan bidra med struktur, framförallt då flera av deras indikatorer redan överlappar med direktivens innehåll. Vidare framkom det också att certifieringarna kan komma att justeras och anpassas för att bättre följa direktivens kommande krav.
Sammanfattningsvis visar arbetet att EPBD, EED och CSRD förväntas påverka fastighetssektorn i stor utsträckning, men att det fortfarande finns ett stort behov av vägledning och praktiska verktyg för att möta kraven. Miljöcertifieringar kan i detta sammanhang fungera som ett konkret stöd i arbetet med att tolka, implementera och följa upp direktivens krav. (Less) - Abstract
- The building and real estate sector currently accounts for about 40% of the EU’s total energy use and 36% of its energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, a large part of the building stock has low energy performance, and the shift towards a more energy-efficient and climate-neutral building stock is proceeding slowly. To speed up this development, the EU has adopted a growth strategy with the goal of reaching climate neutrality by the year 2050. As part of this strategy the EU has introduced the following directives: the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, EPBD, the Energy Efficiency Directive, EED, and the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, CSRD. These directives are a central part of the EU’s... (More)
- The building and real estate sector currently accounts for about 40% of the EU’s total energy use and 36% of its energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, a large part of the building stock has low energy performance, and the shift towards a more energy-efficient and climate-neutral building stock is proceeding slowly. To speed up this development, the EU has adopted a growth strategy with the goal of reaching climate neutrality by the year 2050. As part of this strategy the EU has introduced the following directives: the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, EPBD, the Energy Efficiency Directive, EED, and the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, CSRD. These directives are a central part of the EU’s sustainability work in the building sector. Together, EPBD, EED and CSRD mark a shift from voluntary ambitions to legally binding requirements for how buildings are designed, managed and reported. Since the directives are being implemented gradually, there is also a great deal of uncertainty in the industry, especially among smaller companies, about what will actually be required and when different parts will come into effect.
The purpose of this report has been to explore the practical implications of the EPBD, EED and CSRD, and how the three directives interact. It also explores how the directives may affect property owners and whether environmental certification systems, especially Miljöbyggnad, can help interpret and meet the requirements.
This thesis was done in collaboration with Elektrokyl Energiteknik AB and is based on a literature review and qualitative interviews. The literature review focused on the content, background and implementation of the directives in Sweden, as well as the Miljöbyggnad certification systems and how it relates to the directives. The interview study included semi-structured interviews with participants from the energy, real estate and certification sectors. The aim was to capture different perspectives on the current level of knowledge, challenges and opportunities, and the potential of environmental certification systems.
The study shows that the directives together form a connected structure for technical requirements, continuous energy improvements and external reporting. The interviews also show that the directives are seen as complex and that knowledge about them varies, but is generally low. Respondents expressed uncertainty about what will be required, how the directives are linked, and what type of documentation will be needed. The importance of financial support and incentives was also highlighted as key to helping and encouraging the transition. It also became clear that Miljöbyggnad, through its already established methods, can provide structure, especially since many of its indicators already overlap with the content of the directives. It was further noted that these certification systems may be adjusted and developed to better match upcoming requirements in the directives.
In conclusion, the study shows that the EPBD, EED and CSRD are expected to affect the real estate sector to a large extent, but that there is still a strong need for guidance and practical tools. Environmental certification systems may, in this context, function as a practical support in interpreting, implementing and following up on the directives. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9196035
- author
- Dalmyr, Ida LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- From Directive to Reality: A Status Analysis of EPBD, EED and CSRD in Spring 2025
- course
- VBEL05 20251
- year
- 2025
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- EU-direktiv, EPBD, EED, CSRD, energieffektivitet, hållbarhet, fastighetsägare, miljöcertifieringar
- publication/series
- 0349-4969
- report number
- 5751
- other publication id
- ISRN LUTVDG/TVBP-25/5751-SE
- language
- Swedish
- additional info
- Examinator: Urban Persson
- id
- 9196035
- date added to LUP
- 2025-06-10 16:05:25
- date last changed
- 2025-06-10 16:05:25
@misc{9196035, abstract = {{The building and real estate sector currently accounts for about 40% of the EU’s total energy use and 36% of its energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, a large part of the building stock has low energy performance, and the shift towards a more energy-efficient and climate-neutral building stock is proceeding slowly. To speed up this development, the EU has adopted a growth strategy with the goal of reaching climate neutrality by the year 2050. As part of this strategy the EU has introduced the following directives: the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, EPBD, the Energy Efficiency Directive, EED, and the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, CSRD. These directives are a central part of the EU’s sustainability work in the building sector. Together, EPBD, EED and CSRD mark a shift from voluntary ambitions to legally binding requirements for how buildings are designed, managed and reported. Since the directives are being implemented gradually, there is also a great deal of uncertainty in the industry, especially among smaller companies, about what will actually be required and when different parts will come into effect. The purpose of this report has been to explore the practical implications of the EPBD, EED and CSRD, and how the three directives interact. It also explores how the directives may affect property owners and whether environmental certification systems, especially Miljöbyggnad, can help interpret and meet the requirements. This thesis was done in collaboration with Elektrokyl Energiteknik AB and is based on a literature review and qualitative interviews. The literature review focused on the content, background and implementation of the directives in Sweden, as well as the Miljöbyggnad certification systems and how it relates to the directives. The interview study included semi-structured interviews with participants from the energy, real estate and certification sectors. The aim was to capture different perspectives on the current level of knowledge, challenges and opportunities, and the potential of environmental certification systems. The study shows that the directives together form a connected structure for technical requirements, continuous energy improvements and external reporting. The interviews also show that the directives are seen as complex and that knowledge about them varies, but is generally low. Respondents expressed uncertainty about what will be required, how the directives are linked, and what type of documentation will be needed. The importance of financial support and incentives was also highlighted as key to helping and encouraging the transition. It also became clear that Miljöbyggnad, through its already established methods, can provide structure, especially since many of its indicators already overlap with the content of the directives. It was further noted that these certification systems may be adjusted and developed to better match upcoming requirements in the directives. In conclusion, the study shows that the EPBD, EED and CSRD are expected to affect the real estate sector to a large extent, but that there is still a strong need for guidance and practical tools. Environmental certification systems may, in this context, function as a practical support in interpreting, implementing and following up on the directives.}}, author = {{Dalmyr, Ida}}, language = {{swe}}, note = {{Student Paper}}, series = {{0349-4969}}, title = {{Från direktiv till verklighet: En nulägesanalys av EPBD, EED och CSRD våren 2025}}, year = {{2025}}, }