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Was There Ever a Time When We Could Rely Upon the Orange Envelope?

Lundgren Hållén, Emil LU (2025) EOSK12 20251
Department of Economic History
Abstract
This thesis investigates the sustainability of Sweden’s reformed pension system, first introduced in 1998. The new reform addressed long-term demographic challenges, particularly population ageing. By linking pension benefits, the new system has systematically shifted financial responsibility from the state to the individual.

The study assesses whether the motivation behind the reform has taken shape and whether the system has delivered the intended financial security. A quantitative approach is applied, using available data from 1998 to 2023. Several key indicators include the old-age dependency ratio, life expectancy at 65, and the overlapping generations model. A simple macroeconomic example of pension outcomes in the new system... (More)
This thesis investigates the sustainability of Sweden’s reformed pension system, first introduced in 1998. The new reform addressed long-term demographic challenges, particularly population ageing. By linking pension benefits, the new system has systematically shifted financial responsibility from the state to the individual.

The study assesses whether the motivation behind the reform has taken shape and whether the system has delivered the intended financial security. A quantitative approach is applied, using available data from 1998 to 2023. Several key indicators include the old-age dependency ratio, life expectancy at 65, and the overlapping generations model. A simple macroeconomic example of pension outcomes in the new system will complement this. These findings are open for interpretation, but address the demographic concerns at the time of reform and during the examined period. The study highlights the need for further research on the system’s performance through the demographic lens. (Less)
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author
Lundgren Hållén, Emil LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Analyzing and understanding the 1998 reform of the Swedish pension system through the lens of demographic trends and economic theories
course
EOSK12 20251
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Demography, Pension System, Life Expectancy, Dependency Ratio: Working-Age Population, Expected Time in Retirement.
language
English
id
9199084
date added to LUP
2025-06-16 11:39:32
date last changed
2025-06-16 11:39:32
@misc{9199084,
  abstract     = {{This thesis investigates the sustainability of Sweden’s reformed pension system, first introduced in 1998. The new reform addressed long-term demographic challenges, particularly population ageing. By linking pension benefits, the new system has systematically shifted financial responsibility from the state to the individual. 

The study assesses whether the motivation behind the reform has taken shape and whether the system has delivered the intended financial security. A quantitative approach is applied, using available data from 1998 to 2023. Several key indicators include the old-age dependency ratio, life expectancy at 65, and the overlapping generations model. A simple macroeconomic example of pension outcomes in the new system will complement this. These findings are open for interpretation, but address the demographic concerns at the time of reform and during the examined period. The study highlights the need for further research on the system’s performance through the demographic lens.}},
  author       = {{Lundgren Hållén, Emil}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Was There Ever a Time When We Could Rely Upon the Orange Envelope?}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}