Incorporating Material Characteristics in GSCM for Accurate Channel Modeling in Urban Scenarios
(2025) EITM02 20251Department of Electrical and Information Technology
- Abstract
- Accurate modeling of wireless channels in urban environments is crucial for the design and evaluation of communication systems. Geometry-Based Stochastic Channel Models (GSCMs) provide a balance between physical retings—an oversimplification that can reduce model fidelity.alism and computational efficiency by simulating Multi-Path Components (MPCs) through simplified ray tracing and stochastic scatterer distributions. However, conventional GSCMs often assume homogeneous reflection properties for all scatterers, neglecting the diverse material compositions found in real-world urban set.
This thesis addresses this limitation by incorporating material-specific reflection models into the GSCM framework to better capture the impact of... (More) - Accurate modeling of wireless channels in urban environments is crucial for the design and evaluation of communication systems. Geometry-Based Stochastic Channel Models (GSCMs) provide a balance between physical retings—an oversimplification that can reduce model fidelity.alism and computational efficiency by simulating Multi-Path Components (MPCs) through simplified ray tracing and stochastic scatterer distributions. However, conventional GSCMs often assume homogeneous reflection properties for all scatterers, neglecting the diverse material compositions found in real-world urban set.
This thesis addresses this limitation by incorporating material-specific reflection models into the GSCM framework to better capture the impact of material heterogeneity on MPC behavior. The physical properties of common urban materials are analyzed, and reflection gain ranges are derived using theoretical tools such as Fresnel equations. These material-dependent gains—along with their angle-dependent characteristics—are embedded into a custom simulation platform built with the open-source Godot engine. Angular dependence is captured via a proposed angular gain model, which modulates reflection strength based on incident and reflection geometry. The Godot engine supports flexible 3D scene construction and efficient ray casting, enabling dynamic and modular channel modeling.
The extended GSCM framework is validated against a baseline COST IRACON implementation and further compared with real-world Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) channel measurements at 3.2 GHz, conducted in a Vienna urban street scenario. Channel characteristics such as power-delay profiles (PDPs) are used as key performance indicators. (Less) - Popular Abstract
- Modern technologies such as mobile phones and vehicle-to-vehicle communication rely on wireless signals to connect and exchange information. To develop and test these systems, researchers use computer simulations to predict how signals travel through real environments. In urban areas, signals often bounce around as they are reflected by buildings, scattered by trees, or absorbed in narrow alleys and other complex structures depending on the local geography. To model these effects, scientists often use a method called Geometry-Based Stochastic Channel Modeling (GSCM), which uses simple geometric shapes and random distributions to simulate how signals behave.
However, many existing models treat all surfaces in the environment the same,... (More) - Modern technologies such as mobile phones and vehicle-to-vehicle communication rely on wireless signals to connect and exchange information. To develop and test these systems, researchers use computer simulations to predict how signals travel through real environments. In urban areas, signals often bounce around as they are reflected by buildings, scattered by trees, or absorbed in narrow alleys and other complex structures depending on the local geography. To model these effects, scientists often use a method called Geometry-Based Stochastic Channel Modeling (GSCM), which uses simple geometric shapes and random distributions to simulate how signals behave.
However, many existing models treat all surfaces in the environment the same, assuming that materials like glass, metal, and concrete reflect signals in the same way. This simplification can cause the simulations to be less accurate, especially in urban environments with many buildings made of different materials.
This thesis aims to improve the model by including material-specific reflection effects. It studies the physical properties of common urban materials and incorporates them into a simulation built using the Godot game engine, an open-source 3D platform suitable for modeling. The improved model was then tested using real-world data collected from vehicle-to-vehicle communication experiments in Vienna.
The results show that adding material information leads to more accurate simulation results. This research helps improve the design of wireless systems in cities and provides a reusable workflow that can be used by others. It is especially useful for future technologies such as autonomous driving and smart cities. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9199261
- author
- Yao, Xinru LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- EITM02 20251
- year
- 2025
- type
- H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
- subject
- keywords
- GSCM, Fresnel coefficients, channel modeling, multipath propagation, wireless communication, V2V
- report number
- LU/LTH-EIT 2025-1068
- language
- English
- id
- 9199261
- date added to LUP
- 2025-06-17 15:23:16
- date last changed
- 2025-06-17 15:23:16
@misc{9199261,
abstract = {{Accurate modeling of wireless channels in urban environments is crucial for the design and evaluation of communication systems. Geometry-Based Stochastic Channel Models (GSCMs) provide a balance between physical retings—an oversimplification that can reduce model fidelity.alism and computational efficiency by simulating Multi-Path Components (MPCs) through simplified ray tracing and stochastic scatterer distributions. However, conventional GSCMs often assume homogeneous reflection properties for all scatterers, neglecting the diverse material compositions found in real-world urban set.
This thesis addresses this limitation by incorporating material-specific reflection models into the GSCM framework to better capture the impact of material heterogeneity on MPC behavior. The physical properties of common urban materials are analyzed, and reflection gain ranges are derived using theoretical tools such as Fresnel equations. These material-dependent gains—along with their angle-dependent characteristics—are embedded into a custom simulation platform built with the open-source Godot engine. Angular dependence is captured via a proposed angular gain model, which modulates reflection strength based on incident and reflection geometry. The Godot engine supports flexible 3D scene construction and efficient ray casting, enabling dynamic and modular channel modeling.
The extended GSCM framework is validated against a baseline COST IRACON implementation and further compared with real-world Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) channel measurements at 3.2 GHz, conducted in a Vienna urban street scenario. Channel characteristics such as power-delay profiles (PDPs) are used as key performance indicators.}},
author = {{Yao, Xinru}},
language = {{eng}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Incorporating Material Characteristics in GSCM for Accurate Channel Modeling in Urban Scenarios}},
year = {{2025}},
}