Energy analysis of the production line secondary heating system in a pulp mill
(2025) MVKM01 20251Department of Energy Sciences
- Abstract
- Products made from pulp are a part of everyday life. With end products like coffee filters, food packaging and tissue paper. These products are the result of wood being processed in pulp mills to produce the pulp from which the forementioned paper products are produced. The modern pulp and paper industry is energy intense and on a global perspective a large emitter of greenhouse gasses, accounting for 2% of industrial emissions. Large efforts have been made historically resulting in pulp and paper mill consistently reducing their emissions year by year. With projections of increasing paper demand comes increased importance in the energy efficient production of said pulp. It is therefore imperative that solutions to reduce emissions and for... (More)
- Products made from pulp are a part of everyday life. With end products like coffee filters, food packaging and tissue paper. These products are the result of wood being processed in pulp mills to produce the pulp from which the forementioned paper products are produced. The modern pulp and paper industry is energy intense and on a global perspective a large emitter of greenhouse gasses, accounting for 2% of industrial emissions. Large efforts have been made historically resulting in pulp and paper mill consistently reducing their emissions year by year. With projections of increasing paper demand comes increased importance in the energy efficient production of said pulp. It is therefore imperative that solutions to reduce emissions and for energy efficient solutions to be found. From installation of new units to optimisation and improvements of old. Pulp mills, while they are energy intense, are well known to produce great amounts of excess heat which can be recovered and used beyond the pulping process. Both district heating and electricity is produced, courtesy of the liquor recovery cycle and large cooling requirements in the mill.
This thesis covers mapping and analysis of the secondary heating system in a mill situated in the south of Sweden. The secondary heating system is an integral part of the mill providing heating and cooling to multiple processes in the mill. The mill has undergone several reconstruction efforts and system changes over the years, resulting in an energy analysis of the secondary heating system being sought after. The overall goal is to further the mill understanding of the secondary heating system in terms of efficiency and energy. With the target to enable increased efficiency in use of the current secondary heating system and provide a basis for future secondary heating usage. While simultaneously also replacing current steam heating wherever possible. Prime mover behind this thesis is the need for reduction of steam usage. Caused by a condensing turbine set to be installed by the mill, resulting in increased possible steam utilisation for electricity production. Consequently, it follows that increased importance is placed on ensuring that only processes which truly require steam receive it. Maximising the possible steam utilisation in the turbine while also increasing the use of internal heat recovered.
The pulp production line from the digesters to the bleaching section, as well as the scrubber, was mapped out and data was collected for use in analysis. Found in the study were potential immediate steam savings of 6.8 MW by changing processes or swapping current steam condensing units with heat exchangers using the secondary heating system. The pinch analysis performed indicated energy savings primarily in the black liquor coolers and the mill ventilation condenser, where steam is cooled by 12°C water, which alone represents 5.5 MW steam saved. In the process of mapping of the secondary heating system it was discovered that significant amounts of water at 85°C is available to the mill for use. One such case was analysed after suggestion from the mill. Potential use of either scrubber water or hot water in a bark dryer is analysed in which the hot water is preferred to scrubber water, as it at least reduces the dryer steam heating demand from 55% to 26%. Improvements to scrubber use in the current system was also found, where a heating system occasionally in use could always be, saving 1.3 MW.
Lifting the temperature of the secondary heating streams by using steam was also considered, As lifting the temperature of the hot secondary heating streams is shown to increase possible use cases, as higher temperature heating demands can be sufficiently achieved. Resulting in further possible primary heat savings of 0.3-2.8 MW. Since there is significant excess of hot water, if the use can be increased by lifting its temperature there are further energy savings possible that will have to be weighed against the heating requirement. This thesis opens up possible future research in improved utilisation of recovered heat in the pulping mill researched. (Less) - Popular Abstract (Swedish)
- Produkter framställda från massa är en del av vardagen. Med produkter så som kaffefilter, förpackningar till mat och mjukpapper. Dessa är ett resultat av trä som behandlats i massabruk för att producera massa, som de tidigare nämnda pappersprodukterna är producerade från. Den moderna pappers och massaindustrin är energiintensiv och står för stora utsläpp utifrån ett globalt perspektiv, ansvarig för 2% av industriella utsläpp. Stora insatser har gjorts historisk vilket har resulterat i att pappers och massabruk stadigt minskat sina utsläpp år efter år. Med förväntad ökad efterfrågan på pappersprodukter följer en ökad betydelse av minskade utsläpp och mer energieffektiv produktion av massa. Därmed är det nödvändigt att nya lösningar för... (More)
- Produkter framställda från massa är en del av vardagen. Med produkter så som kaffefilter, förpackningar till mat och mjukpapper. Dessa är ett resultat av trä som behandlats i massabruk för att producera massa, som de tidigare nämnda pappersprodukterna är producerade från. Den moderna pappers och massaindustrin är energiintensiv och står för stora utsläpp utifrån ett globalt perspektiv, ansvarig för 2% av industriella utsläpp. Stora insatser har gjorts historisk vilket har resulterat i att pappers och massabruk stadigt minskat sina utsläpp år efter år. Med förväntad ökad efterfrågan på pappersprodukter följer en ökad betydelse av minskade utsläpp och mer energieffektiv produktion av massa. Därmed är det nödvändigt att nya lösningar för minskade utsläpp och energieffektiva lösningar hittas, både med förbättring av gamla och tillbyggnad av nya delar. Massabruk är, trots att de kräver mycket energi, också välkända källor av värmeenergi som kan användas i eller utanför produktionen. Både fjärrvärme och elektricitet produceras som resultat av brukets processer.
Denna avhandling täcker kartläggning och analys av det så kallade sekundärvärmesystemet på ett massabruk i södra Sverige. Sekundärvärmesystemet, som består av vatten vid olika temperaturer, är en mycket viktig del bruket och försörjer flertalet av brukets processer med värme, kyla och vatten. Bruket har genomgått flertalet till- och ombyggnader över tid och efterfrågar därmed en energianalys av det befintliga sekundärvärmesystemet. Den övergripande målsättningen är att öka kunskapen kring sekundärvärmesystemet i termer av energi och effektivitet. Med målet att utgöra en bas för energieffektivisering av nuvarande sekundärvärmesystem och framtida utökningar av restvärmeanvändning. Samtidigt som ånganvändning ses över och ersätts när möjligheten finns. Drivande bakom uppsatsen är brukets behov av minskad ånganvändning. Orsakat av en ny kondensturbin som ska installeras vilket resulterar i ökad möjlighet av ånganvändning till elproduktion. Därmed är det viktigare att endast de processer som absolut kräver ånga förses med det. Detta maximerar ånganvändning i turbin samtidigt som nyttjande av intern återvunnen värme ökar.
Efter att karteringen genomförts så undersöktes möjligheten att minska användningen av ånga i brukets produktion. Det visade sig att viss användning av ånga kan direkt ersättas eller upphöra utan att påverka produktionsprocessen. Detta kunde endast ske i redan befintliga delar av bruket vilket innebär att ingen ny installation kunde föreslås som direkt ersatte ånga i processerna. Det undersöktes även om ånganvändningen kunde minskas, men inte helt ersättas, i flertalet processer. Detta visade sig till viss del vara möjligt, men storleken på besparingen var kraftigt beroende av temperatur på vattnet i bruket. Slutsatsen blir att det finns energi tillgängligt i dagens sekundärvärmesystem och denna studie kan förstås som en utgångspunkt för framtida effektiviseringar och förbättringar av brukets sekundärvärmesystem. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9202082
- author
- Glatz, Per LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- MVKM01 20251
- year
- 2025
- type
- H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
- subject
- keywords
- Energy, Kraft process, pinch analysis, heat recovery, heat exchanger, steam savings.
- report number
- ISRN LUTMDN/TMPH-25/5648-SE
- ISSN
- 0282-1990
- language
- English
- id
- 9202082
- date added to LUP
- 2025-06-19 10:43:49
- date last changed
- 2025-06-19 10:43:49
@misc{9202082, abstract = {{Products made from pulp are a part of everyday life. With end products like coffee filters, food packaging and tissue paper. These products are the result of wood being processed in pulp mills to produce the pulp from which the forementioned paper products are produced. The modern pulp and paper industry is energy intense and on a global perspective a large emitter of greenhouse gasses, accounting for 2% of industrial emissions. Large efforts have been made historically resulting in pulp and paper mill consistently reducing their emissions year by year. With projections of increasing paper demand comes increased importance in the energy efficient production of said pulp. It is therefore imperative that solutions to reduce emissions and for energy efficient solutions to be found. From installation of new units to optimisation and improvements of old. Pulp mills, while they are energy intense, are well known to produce great amounts of excess heat which can be recovered and used beyond the pulping process. Both district heating and electricity is produced, courtesy of the liquor recovery cycle and large cooling requirements in the mill. This thesis covers mapping and analysis of the secondary heating system in a mill situated in the south of Sweden. The secondary heating system is an integral part of the mill providing heating and cooling to multiple processes in the mill. The mill has undergone several reconstruction efforts and system changes over the years, resulting in an energy analysis of the secondary heating system being sought after. The overall goal is to further the mill understanding of the secondary heating system in terms of efficiency and energy. With the target to enable increased efficiency in use of the current secondary heating system and provide a basis for future secondary heating usage. While simultaneously also replacing current steam heating wherever possible. Prime mover behind this thesis is the need for reduction of steam usage. Caused by a condensing turbine set to be installed by the mill, resulting in increased possible steam utilisation for electricity production. Consequently, it follows that increased importance is placed on ensuring that only processes which truly require steam receive it. Maximising the possible steam utilisation in the turbine while also increasing the use of internal heat recovered. The pulp production line from the digesters to the bleaching section, as well as the scrubber, was mapped out and data was collected for use in analysis. Found in the study were potential immediate steam savings of 6.8 MW by changing processes or swapping current steam condensing units with heat exchangers using the secondary heating system. The pinch analysis performed indicated energy savings primarily in the black liquor coolers and the mill ventilation condenser, where steam is cooled by 12°C water, which alone represents 5.5 MW steam saved. In the process of mapping of the secondary heating system it was discovered that significant amounts of water at 85°C is available to the mill for use. One such case was analysed after suggestion from the mill. Potential use of either scrubber water or hot water in a bark dryer is analysed in which the hot water is preferred to scrubber water, as it at least reduces the dryer steam heating demand from 55% to 26%. Improvements to scrubber use in the current system was also found, where a heating system occasionally in use could always be, saving 1.3 MW. Lifting the temperature of the secondary heating streams by using steam was also considered, As lifting the temperature of the hot secondary heating streams is shown to increase possible use cases, as higher temperature heating demands can be sufficiently achieved. Resulting in further possible primary heat savings of 0.3-2.8 MW. Since there is significant excess of hot water, if the use can be increased by lifting its temperature there are further energy savings possible that will have to be weighed against the heating requirement. This thesis opens up possible future research in improved utilisation of recovered heat in the pulping mill researched.}}, author = {{Glatz, Per}}, issn = {{0282-1990}}, language = {{eng}}, note = {{Student Paper}}, title = {{Energy analysis of the production line secondary heating system in a pulp mill}}, year = {{2025}}, }