“So, did you get consent this weekend?” - A qualitative interview study on how heterosexual men talk about sex and consent

Abstract

Author: Frida Nordborg
Title: “So, did you get consent this weekend?” - A qualitative interview study on how heterosexual men talk about sex and consent.
Master’s thesis, CCRM20, Cultural Criminology, 30 credits
Supervisor: Terese Anving
Examiner: David Wästerfors
Department of Sociology, spring 2025

This thesis examines how heterosexual men in their thirties experience and discuss sex and sexual consent within male friendship groups. The study investigates how such conversations have developed over time, and the social norms, ideals, and taboos that shape these discussions in informal contexts. It further explores how men interpret Sweden’s legal framework on consent and the broader public discourse surrounding it, as well as the extent to which these factors influence their views and ways of communicating about sex. The empirical material is based on nine interviews with men from diverse backgrounds, conducted both individually and in group settings, to provide a richer understanding of how they relate to issues of consent and masculinity. The analysis draws on three theoretical perspectives involving social interactionist, masculinity and sexual script, which together illuminate how cultural expectations and interpersonal dynamics inform men’s attitudes and behaviours in relation to sex and consent. The findings suggest that discussions around sex and consent are often constrained by group norms and dominant ideals of masculinity. Humour and banter frequently serve to deflect more serious engagement, creating ambiguity around what can be said and how. Men who deviate from these norms may risk being marginalised, mocked, or perceived as less masculine. However, the study also identifies potential for change when individuals challenge prevailing norms and open space for more reflective and respectful dialogue. It is in these moments that alternative narratives and new ways of relating to sex and consent can begin to emerge.

Popular Abstract

Sex and sexual consent can be complex and sensitive topics for many people. Since the rise of the #MeToo movement, these issues have received increased attention in public debate. One important outcome in Sweden was the introduction of a new consent law, which states that all sexual activity must be voluntary. If there is no clear “yes”, it should be understood as a “no”. In most reported sexual assault cases, the perpetrator is a man and the victim is a woman. Previous research on the topic has largely focused on women's experience and younger people. But what happens if we shift the focus and instead explore how adult men understand and experience sex and consent? And do men actually talk about these subjects with each other in male friendship groups?
This is the main focus of my study: how adult men understand and communicate about sex and sexual consent with their male friends. To explore this, I interviewed heterosexual men in their thirties, both individually and in group settings. The aim was to get a better understanding of group dynamics, what is openly discussed, what is avoided, and how different roles within the group influence these conversations. The analysis reveals that sex and consent are experienced as highly complex and often taboo topics among men. Many describe it as difficult or even risky to show vulnerability or uncertainty in male social circles. These uncertainties are not only present in conversations with friends but also in how they interpret and respond to sexual situations with women. The study shows that men are often strongly influenced by group norms, traditional ideas of masculinity, and learned social behaviours. These factors shape what is considered acceptable to say or do among men. Some participants also expressed confusion or scepticism about the new consent law and how they are expected to apply it in real life. By listening to men’s own stories, this study provides deeper insight into how their inner thoughts and social interactions are shaped by, and reflect larger ideas about masculinity, sexuality and consent. Understanding these perspectives is an important step towards creating more open and respectful conversations about sex and consent among men.

• author: Nordborg, Frida
• supervisor: Terese Anving
• organization: Sociology
• course: CCRM20 20251
• year: 2025
• type: H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
• subject: Social Sciences
• keywords: Keywords: Male friendship, sexual consent, norms, masculinity ideals, group dynamics, jargon
• language: English
• id: 9205022
• date added to LUP: 2025-06-25 21:51:42
• date last changed: 2025-06-25 21:51:42