Effective Disaster Communication for People Experiencing Homelessness in the Capital Region of Iceland: Current State and Possible Improvements

Abstract

This study explores disaster communication for people experiencing homelessness in the capital region of Iceland. Traditional methods often fail to reach vulnerable populations who require alternative approaches effectively. The objective is to understand and improve disaster communication for people experiencing homelessness and identify possible improvements. To address this, in-depth interviews with key informants in disaster management, communication and welfare systems were conducted and thematically analysed. Results indicate that while a foundation exists, the system relies on top-down
communication, lacks structure and depends heavily on frontline staff using informal methods like word-of-mouth. Daily services for people experiencing homelessness are the foundation
for effective disaster communication. Improvements are needed. Suggested changes include strengthening daily services, increasing understanding of this population and prioritising
participatory approaches. These findings suggest key components for effective communication, including preparedness, strong established services and improved coordination between stakeholders. Disaster communication needs a tailored plan that reflects the group’s needs and preferences while fostering trust and inclusion. Building a deeper understanding through meaningful inclusion is a critical next step.

Popular Abstract

This degree project examines disaster communication in the capital region of Iceland and identifies areas for improvement from the perspective of personnel working within the system.
The findings indicate a need to improve disaster communication for people experiencing homelessness in Iceland's capital region. Cooperation and partnerships between stakeholders must also be improved, and people experiencing homelessness must be included in decisions through a participation approach. However, it is not necessary to start from scratch, as disaster communication in the area is functioning adequately. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it became apparent that communicating information to people experiencing homelessness and other marginalised groups was more difficult than to mainstream society. This degree project focuses on disaster communication for people experiencing homelessness and examines the current state of this communication, as well as potential improvements from the perspective of those working within systems involved in disaster communication, such as the disaster management system and the welfare system.
It is essential to improve disaster communication in all areas where it is lacking, as a system is only as strong as its weakest link. Enhancing disaster communication for this particular group would improve disaster communication overall and, consequently, strengthen disaster management as a whole. A strong disaster management system is crucial in tackling disasters, making the systems, either on a local or a national level, more resilient.
The results from the thesis can be used to guide the improvement of disaster communication for homeless people, particularly in the capital region of Iceland. However, the core concepts of the findings can be examined further within the context of other municipalities or locations. These results also create an opportunity to better explore the needs and preferences of individuals experiencing homelessness in relation to disaster management.
The most surprising finding in the thesis was that the current state of communication is not as bad as one might expect. This is mainly because of the ambition of the people working directly with people experiencing homelessness. However, a system can not rely on the aspirations of employees. Hence, there is still a need to improve daily services for people experiencing homelessness, which is an essential prerequisite for enhancing disaster communication.
The degree project is a case study focused on the capital region of Iceland. Data was collected through semi-structured, open-ended interviews with key stakeholders in disaster management, the welfare system, and communication personnel. The data was subsequently analysed using thematic coding to highlight the most significant and common themes that illustrate the current situation and potential improvements suggested by the interviewees.

• author: Þóreyjardóttir Smáradóttir, Adda
• supervisor: Marcus Abrahamsson
• organization: Division of Risk Management and Societal Safety
• course: VBRM15 20251
• year: 2025
• type: H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
• subject: General Works
• keywords: Disaster Communication, participatory approach, communication improvements, people experiencing homelessness
• language: English
• id: 9207608
• date added to LUP: 2025-07-21 08:14:12
• date last changed: 2025-07-21 08:14:12