From Platforms to Feudalism: Rethinking Power, Labour, and Value in Gig Work

Abstract

This thesis explored the possibility of a techno-feudal reframing of gig work. Previous
researchers and theorists have frequently framed gig work within capitalist frameworks, like
platform capitalism and piece rate wages, despite gig work’s odd similarities to the feudal
organisation of work. Scholars like Durand have pointed out similarities between the digital
economy and feudalism without engaging much in gig work as a digitalisation of labour. The
aim of this thesis has been to explore how a techno-feudal reframing of primary research on
gig work could be achieved. I used the concept dominium as power over labour and platform,
and predation as an appropriative allocation mechanism where the appropriator is detached
from the process of production. I also employed mode of production as a conceptual
schematic to highlight differences between gig work and the capitalist mode of production.
The reframing of primary research showed that gig companies’ ownership and control of
platforms allow for powerful methods to maintain and control labour as a value-creating
supply of independent producers, from which companies appropriate value. Viewed as a mode
of production, these relational dynamics and their qualities analytically resemble the feudal
organisation of work, contrary to the capitalist framing of gig work. Future research is
suggested to confirm these results by conducting empirical studies with these concepts.

Popular Abstract

In this thesis, I invite stakeholders and curious readers to an exploration of how research
literature on gig work can be reframed in a manner that resembles the organisation of work
usually associated with Europe’s medieval period. This form of work is known as a feudal
mode of production.
I have focused on and found how power relations in gig work and the way companies take a
share of workers’ value are similar to the feudal organisation of work. These are not two equal
systems, but they are similar in several respects. Previous researchers and theorists have
argued that gig work is and should be understood as a capitalist variation of work. It is here
that I have disagreed due to the common similarities between gig work and the feudal way of
organising work.
Therefore, I have explored these similarities, through primary research literature, to convince
researchers and stakeholders that gig work represents a trend within a larger societal
movement towards a system that reminds us of that feudal part of history. If this is true, it
means that we need to rethink some of what we know. How do we ensure gig workers enjoy
flexibility and autonomy while also enjoying a fair and sustainable working life? Do we
extend ideas of labour rights, or should we look to history for advice? Researchers also say
that some traditional forms of work are becoming “gigified”. They increasingly resemble gig
work as they are digitalised. This also poses more questions for anyone interested in or
partaking in gig work. How should unions approach workers and companies? How can the
companies themselves maintain social responsibility? The purpose with this thesis being
exploratory is to contribute with an idea that sparks more questions and conversations.

• author: Kindblad Henriquez, Andreas
• supervisor: Tobias Olofsson
• organization: Sociology
• course: SOCM05 20251
• year: 2025
• type: H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
• subject: Social Sciences
• keywords: gig work, power dynamics, value extraction, mode of production, feudalism, platforms, labour relations
• language: English
• id: 9211541
• date added to LUP: 2025-09-30 14:30:21
• date last changed: 2025-09-30 14:30:21