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Licensing models for green technology patent pools - should free licences, FRAND licences, or compulsory licences be used?

Xing, Xinyu LU (2025) HARN63 20251
Department of Business Law
Abstract
This paper examines the applicability of three licensing models, compulsory
licensing, free licensing and FRAND licensing, to green technology patent pools.
Given that green technologies are critical in addressing global environmental
challenges and achieving the SDGs, they can be effective in balancing incentives for
innovation with wider dissemination of technologies. This study evaluates each
licensing model on the basis of economic incentives, availability and compatibility
with green technology patent pools, and analyses their respective advantages and
disadvantages. Ultimately, a hybrid licensing model is considered the best approach,
as it contains both compulsory and free licensing elements for mature technologies
... (More)
This paper examines the applicability of three licensing models, compulsory
licensing, free licensing and FRAND licensing, to green technology patent pools.
Given that green technologies are critical in addressing global environmental
challenges and achieving the SDGs, they can be effective in balancing incentives for
innovation with wider dissemination of technologies. This study evaluates each
licensing model on the basis of economic incentives, availability and compatibility
with green technology patent pools, and analyses their respective advantages and
disadvantages. Ultimately, a hybrid licensing model is considered the best approach,
as it contains both compulsory and free licensing elements for mature technologies
or urgent public needs, as well as non-restrictive agreement (FRAND) licensing
elements for emerging technologies that require sustained economic incentives. This
flexible model can address the complex market of green technology pools by
addressing the complexities, enforcement difficulties, and administrative burdens of
royalty determination. In addition, the thesis highlights the importance of contextspecific solutions to foster innovation, ensure equitable access and accelerate the
global deployment of green technologies, ultimately supporting broader
environmental and sustainable development goals. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Xing, Xinyu LU
supervisor
organization
course
HARN63 20251
year
type
H1 - Master's Degree (One Year)
subject
keywords
Green technology, Licensing models, Innovation incentives, Sustainable development
language
English
id
9212558
date added to LUP
2025-09-22 10:53:07
date last changed
2025-09-22 10:53:07
@misc{9212558,
  abstract     = {{This paper examines the applicability of three licensing models, compulsory 
licensing, free licensing and FRAND licensing, to green technology patent pools. 
Given that green technologies are critical in addressing global environmental 
challenges and achieving the SDGs, they can be effective in balancing incentives for 
innovation with wider dissemination of technologies. This study evaluates each 
licensing model on the basis of economic incentives, availability and compatibility 
with green technology patent pools, and analyses their respective advantages and 
disadvantages. Ultimately, a hybrid licensing model is considered the best approach, 
as it contains both compulsory and free licensing elements for mature technologies 
or urgent public needs, as well as non-restrictive agreement (FRAND) licensing 
elements for emerging technologies that require sustained economic incentives. This 
flexible model can address the complex market of green technology pools by 
addressing the complexities, enforcement difficulties, and administrative burdens of 
royalty determination. In addition, the thesis highlights the importance of contextspecific solutions to foster innovation, ensure equitable access and accelerate the 
global deployment of green technologies, ultimately supporting broader 
environmental and sustainable development goals.}},
  author       = {{Xing, Xinyu}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Licensing models for green technology patent pools - should free licences, FRAND licences, or compulsory licences be used?}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}