Bevisvärdering av polisers utsagor i brottmål - En rättsfallsstudie i ljuset av vittnespsykologisk forskning
(2025) JURM02 20252Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Denna uppsats undersöker hur polisers muntliga utsagor värderas i brottmål och i vilken utsträckning denna bevisvärdering är förenlig med gällande rätt och vittnespsykologisk forskning. Detta mot bakgrund av diskussioner i den rättsvetenskapliga doktrinen om att polisers utsagor i vissa fall riskerar att övervärderas, samt erfarenheter från rättsväsendet och uttalanden i praxis som ger intryck av att polisers utsagor i praktiken bedöms utifrån en utgångspunkt om trovärdighet.
Arbetet bygger på en empirisk rättsfallsstudie av 170 åtal gällande våldsamt motstånd, där polisers utsagor utgör en del av bevisningen. Därtill används bayesiansk sannolikhetsteori för att synliggöra de underliggande antaganden som bevisvärderingen förutsätter, samt... (More) - Denna uppsats undersöker hur polisers muntliga utsagor värderas i brottmål och i vilken utsträckning denna bevisvärdering är förenlig med gällande rätt och vittnespsykologisk forskning. Detta mot bakgrund av diskussioner i den rättsvetenskapliga doktrinen om att polisers utsagor i vissa fall riskerar att övervärderas, samt erfarenheter från rättsväsendet och uttalanden i praxis som ger intryck av att polisers utsagor i praktiken bedöms utifrån en utgångspunkt om trovärdighet.
Arbetet bygger på en empirisk rättsfallsstudie av 170 åtal gällande våldsamt motstånd, där polisers utsagor utgör en del av bevisningen. Därtill används bayesiansk sannolikhetsteori för att synliggöra de underliggande antaganden som bevisvärderingen förutsätter, samt vittnespsykologisk forskning för att bedöma om dessa antaganden framstår som vetenskaplig motiverade.
Undersökningen visar att polisers utsagor i stor utsträckning ligger till grund för tingsrätternas bedömning i mål om våldsamt motstånd och att en ensam polisutsaga anses tillräcklig för en fällande dom. Friande domar är ovanliga och ifrågasättande av polisens uppgifter sker sällan. Studien visar även att domskälen i flera mål som baseras på en ensam polisutsaga saknar en tydligt redovisad, individuell trovärdighetsbedömning av polisutsagan.
Analysen visar vidare att en bevisvärdering där en polisutsaga på egen hand uppfyller beviskravet förutsätter en risk för fel i processen bakom ett vittnes-mål som framstår som optimistisk i ljuset av vittnespsykologisk forskning. Undersökningen visar även att polisens yrkesroll i vissa fall används som en positiv indikator för trovärdighet, trots att det inte finns entydigt stöd i den vittnespsykologiska forskningen för att poliser på ett generellt plan är bättre vittnen än andra. Detta kan innebära att polisers utsagor värderas högre än vad som är motiverat.
Att poliser som utgångspunkt ska anses trovärdiga kan förstås som en form av erfarenhetsats inom ramen för den fria bevisvärderingen. Det är dock tvek-samt om en sådan kan beaktas utan att tillföras målet, eftersom det inte utan vidare kan kategoriseras som en notorisk omständighet. Sammantaget kan bevisvärderingen av polisutsagor i vissa fall problematiseras ur både ett rättsligt och ett vetenskapligt perspektiv, särskilt i den mån domstolens bedömning inte ger uttryck för att de osäkerheter som är förenade med vittnesbevisning faktiskt har beaktats. Detta ger anledning att ifrågasätta om beviskravet i dessa mål kan anses uppnått, i den meningen att rimligt tvivel inte med säkerhet har uteslutits. Undersökningen belyser framför allt vikten av att även polisutsagor underkastas en konkret och individuell prövning i varje enskilt fall, samt att domstolen uppvisar en medvetenhet inför de faktorer som kan påverka en utsagas riktighet. (Less) - Abstract
- This essay examines how oral statements made by police officers are evaluat-ed as evidence in criminal proceedings and to what extent such evidentiary assessment is compatible with applicable law and psychological research. The study is motivated by discussions in the legal doctrine suggesting that police statements may be accorded excessive evidentiary weight, as well as experiences from the judicial system and statements in case law indicating that police statements often are assessed based on an initial presumption of credibility.
The essay is based on an empirical case law study of 170 prosecutions concerning the offence “violent resistance” in which police statements form part of the evidence. In addition, Bayesian probability... (More) - This essay examines how oral statements made by police officers are evaluat-ed as evidence in criminal proceedings and to what extent such evidentiary assessment is compatible with applicable law and psychological research. The study is motivated by discussions in the legal doctrine suggesting that police statements may be accorded excessive evidentiary weight, as well as experiences from the judicial system and statements in case law indicating that police statements often are assessed based on an initial presumption of credibility.
The essay is based on an empirical case law study of 170 prosecutions concerning the offence “violent resistance” in which police statements form part of the evidence. In addition, Bayesian probability theory is applied to make explicit the underlying assumptions presupposed by the evidentiary assess-ment, and psychological research is used to evaluate whether these assumptions appear scientifically justified.
The findings show that police statements largely form the basis of the courts’ assessments in cases concerning “violent resistance”, and that a single police statement is sufficient for a conviction. Acquittals are unusual, and challenges to police accounts occur rarely. The study further demonstrates that, in several cases resulting in conviction based on a single police statement, the reasoning of the court lacks a clearly articulated and individualised assessment of the credibility of the statement.
The analysis further indicates that an evidentiary assessment in which a police officer alone satisfies the standard of proof presupposes an error rate in the processes underlying witness statements that appear optimistic when considering psychological research. The study also shows that the professional role of the police officer is used in some cases as a positive indicator of credibility, despite the absence of conclusive support in psychological research for the proposition that police officers, in a general matter, are more reliable witnesses than others. This may result in police statements being accorded greater evidentiary weight than is justified.
Assessing police officers based on an initial presumption of credibility may be understood as a form of “experiential generalisation” within the principle of free evaluation of evidence. It is, however, questionable whether such an assumption may be considered without further substantiation, as it cannot readi-ly be categorised as a notorious circumstance. Taken together, the evidentiary evaluation of police statements may in some cases be questioned from both a legal and a scientific perspective, particularly where the court’s reasoning does not reflect that the uncertainties inherent in witness evidence have been considered. In such cases, it can be questioned whether the standard of proof can be regarded as met, in the sense that reasonable doubt may not have been reliably excluded. This essay primarily highlights the importance of subjecting police statements, as with any other statement, to a concrete and individualised assessment in each case, as well as ensuring judicial awareness of the factors that may affect the accuracy of such statements. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9216734
- author
- Hertze Hansson, Hanna LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- Evidentiary Evaluation of Police Statements in Criminal Cases: A case law study in light of psychological research on witness evidence
- course
- JURM02 20252
- year
- 2025
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- allmän rättslära, straffprocessrätt, bevisvärdering, trovärdighet, polis, vittnespsykologi, rättsfallsstudie, våldsamt motstånd
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9216734
- date added to LUP
- 2026-01-23 11:40:10
- date last changed
- 2026-01-23 11:40:10
@misc{9216734,
abstract = {{This essay examines how oral statements made by police officers are evaluat-ed as evidence in criminal proceedings and to what extent such evidentiary assessment is compatible with applicable law and psychological research. The study is motivated by discussions in the legal doctrine suggesting that police statements may be accorded excessive evidentiary weight, as well as experiences from the judicial system and statements in case law indicating that police statements often are assessed based on an initial presumption of credibility.
The essay is based on an empirical case law study of 170 prosecutions concerning the offence “violent resistance” in which police statements form part of the evidence. In addition, Bayesian probability theory is applied to make explicit the underlying assumptions presupposed by the evidentiary assess-ment, and psychological research is used to evaluate whether these assumptions appear scientifically justified.
The findings show that police statements largely form the basis of the courts’ assessments in cases concerning “violent resistance”, and that a single police statement is sufficient for a conviction. Acquittals are unusual, and challenges to police accounts occur rarely. The study further demonstrates that, in several cases resulting in conviction based on a single police statement, the reasoning of the court lacks a clearly articulated and individualised assessment of the credibility of the statement.
The analysis further indicates that an evidentiary assessment in which a police officer alone satisfies the standard of proof presupposes an error rate in the processes underlying witness statements that appear optimistic when considering psychological research. The study also shows that the professional role of the police officer is used in some cases as a positive indicator of credibility, despite the absence of conclusive support in psychological research for the proposition that police officers, in a general matter, are more reliable witnesses than others. This may result in police statements being accorded greater evidentiary weight than is justified.
Assessing police officers based on an initial presumption of credibility may be understood as a form of “experiential generalisation” within the principle of free evaluation of evidence. It is, however, questionable whether such an assumption may be considered without further substantiation, as it cannot readi-ly be categorised as a notorious circumstance. Taken together, the evidentiary evaluation of police statements may in some cases be questioned from both a legal and a scientific perspective, particularly where the court’s reasoning does not reflect that the uncertainties inherent in witness evidence have been considered. In such cases, it can be questioned whether the standard of proof can be regarded as met, in the sense that reasonable doubt may not have been reliably excluded. This essay primarily highlights the importance of subjecting police statements, as with any other statement, to a concrete and individualised assessment in each case, as well as ensuring judicial awareness of the factors that may affect the accuracy of such statements.}},
author = {{Hertze Hansson, Hanna}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Bevisvärdering av polisers utsagor i brottmål - En rättsfallsstudie i ljuset av vittnespsykologisk forskning}},
year = {{2025}},
}