Tolkning och tillämpning av principen om barnets bästa - En granskning av 2025 års lagändring i 6 kap. 2 a § FB
(2025) JURM02 20252Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Barnets bästa är en rättighet i artikel 3.1 i barnkonventionen. Svensk rätt fast-slår barnets bästa i 6 kap. 2 a § FB. Bestämmelsen uppdaterades senast den 1 januari 2025. Gällande rätt visar att bestämmelsen uppdaterades för att framhålla att risken för att barnet utsätts för våld eller annan kränkande behandling alltid ska ha större betydelse än barnets behov av en god och nära relation till sina föräldrar. Examensarbetet undersöker vad 2025 års ändring av portalparagrafen har fått för påverkan i praktiken och hur väl den nya lydelsen uppfyller lagens ändamål. Det centrala är risken för att barnet far illa som alltså är överordnad kontaktprincipen.
En rättsdogmatisk undersökning av lagmotiv och doktrin klargör att barnets bästa ska... (More) - Barnets bästa är en rättighet i artikel 3.1 i barnkonventionen. Svensk rätt fast-slår barnets bästa i 6 kap. 2 a § FB. Bestämmelsen uppdaterades senast den 1 januari 2025. Gällande rätt visar att bestämmelsen uppdaterades för att framhålla att risken för att barnet utsätts för våld eller annan kränkande behandling alltid ska ha större betydelse än barnets behov av en god och nära relation till sina föräldrar. Examensarbetet undersöker vad 2025 års ändring av portalparagrafen har fått för påverkan i praktiken och hur väl den nya lydelsen uppfyller lagens ändamål. Det centrala är risken för att barnet far illa som alltså är överordnad kontaktprincipen.
En rättsdogmatisk undersökning av lagmotiv och doktrin klargör att barnets bästa ska fastställas genom en helhetsbedömning utifrån de individuella förhållandena. Lagstiftarens avsikt var att risken för att barnet far illa ska ha en överordnad betydelse. Kontaktprincipen ska vara en utgångspunkt för bedömningen. Jämställdhetsmyndighetens rapporter visar emellertid att portalparagrafen inte tillämpats i enlighet med förarbetena. Jag gör jämförelser av praxis före och efter lagändringen och påvisar att lagändringen resulterat i att riskbedömningen numera tar större plats i hovrätternas domskäl än tidigare. Samtidigt framgår det av empiriskt material, i form av intervjuer med domare, att risken för att barnet far illa även tidigare varit central.
Analysen utgår från att examensarbetet endast kan visa preliminära tendenser i tolkningen av barnets bästa, eftersom den nya lydelsen relativt nyligen trädde i kraft. Risken för att barnet far illa framstår ha fått större uppmärksamhet. Jag drar slutsatsen att det beror på ett gradvis skifte som kan utläsas från praxis i kombination med domarnas erfarenheter. Sedan lagändringen framstår det inte som att risken för att barnet far illa underordnas kontaktprincipen. Jag baserar den slutsatsen på vad som framkommit i praxis efter lagändringen och domar-nas resonemang. Barnperspektivet har sin grund i barnkonventionen och är en del i tillämpningen av principen om barnets bästa. Jag menar att när hovrätter inte redovisar hur barnets åsikter beaktats i bedömningen, brister barnperspektivet. Det leder till att barn riskerar att behandlas som objekt snarare än subjekt. Den utformning som principen om barnets bästa har idag riskerar att kvarhålla spänningarna mellan vikten av att göra en helhetsbedömning och de omständigheter som särskilt uppmärksammas i portalparagrafen. I linje med den kritik som framförts i förarbetena, anser jag att det finns behov av en tydligare och mer flexibel lagtext. Jag föreslår att lagstiftaren ger större utrymme åt individuella helhetsbedömningar utan att nämna specifika omständigheter i 6 kap. 2 a § FB. Sammantaget förefaller principen om barnets bästa fortfarande behöva utvecklas för att tillämpningen ska överensstämma med lagstiftarens intentioner och den syn på barn som barnkonventionen förespråkar. (Less) - Abstract
- The best interests of the child are a right stipulated in Article 3.1 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In Swedish law, the best interests of the child constitute a guiding principle laid down in Chapter 6, Section 2 a of the Children and Parents Code (FB). The principle was last amended on 1 January 2025. An examination of the applicable law shows that the purpose of the amendment was to clarify that the child’s need for a good and close contact with both parents must never be given precedence over the risk of harm to the child. Nor should it be treated as equivalent to that risk. This thesis examines the practical impact of the 2025 amendment and assesses whether the revised wording fulfils the purpose of the legislation. The... (More)
- The best interests of the child are a right stipulated in Article 3.1 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In Swedish law, the best interests of the child constitute a guiding principle laid down in Chapter 6, Section 2 a of the Children and Parents Code (FB). The principle was last amended on 1 January 2025. An examination of the applicable law shows that the purpose of the amendment was to clarify that the child’s need for a good and close contact with both parents must never be given precedence over the risk of harm to the child. Nor should it be treated as equivalent to that risk. This thesis examines the practical impact of the 2025 amendment and assesses whether the revised wording fulfils the purpose of the legislation. The thesis focuses particularly on the risk of harm to the child in relation to the child’s need for a good and close contact with both parents.
A legal-dogmatic analysis of preparatory works and legal doctrine shows that the best interests of the child should be determined based on the individual circumstances of each case. The child’s need for a good and close contact with both parents is intended to serve as a point of departure in the assessment but must never outweigh the risk that the child may be subjected to violence or other forms of abuse. Reports published by the Swedish Gender Equality Agency indicate, however, that the legislative intent has not been fully reflect-ed in practice. At the same time, a comparison of before and after the amendment demonstrates that risk assessments have been given greater prominence in the courts’ reasoning following the legislative change. The legal-dogmatic analysis is complemented by empirical material, consisting of inter-views with judges. According to the judges, the risk of harm to the child was a central element of the assessment even before the amendment.
The analysis proceeds from the premise that the thesis can only identify preliminary tendencies in the interpretation of the best interests of the child. Based on case law and the judges’ experiences, the amendment appears to have contributed to a gradual shift towards increased emphasis on the risk of harm to the child. Since the amendment, the risk of harm to the child no longer appears to be subordinated to the child’s need for a good and close contact with both parents. The child’s perspective is rooted in the Convention on the Rights of the Child and forms part of the application of the best interests of the child. Where courts fail to demonstrate how the child’s views have been taken into account, there is a risk that the child’s perspective is marginalized. This could lead to children being treated as objects rather than subjects of rights. The current formulation of the provision risks perpetuating tensions between the requirement to conduct an overall assessment of all relevant circumstances and the specific factors expressly highlighted in the legislation. Drawing on the criticism expressed in preparatory works, the thesis argues that Chapter 6, Section 2 a of the Children and Parents Code would benefit from a clearer and more flexible wording. This would allow greater scope for individualized overall assessments. All in all, the best interests of the child still appear to require further development for legal practice to correspond to legislative intent. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9216813
- author
- Bodelsson, Hanna LU
- supervisor
-
- Eva Ryrstedt LU
- organization
- alternative title
- The Interpretation and Application of the Best Interests of the Child - An Examination of the 2025 Amendment to Chapter 6, Section 2 a of the Children and Parents Code
- course
- JURM02 20252
- year
- 2025
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- familjerätt, barnets bästa, barnkonventionen, kontaktprincipen, the best interests of the child, barnperspektivet, the convention on the rights of the child
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9216813
- date added to LUP
- 2026-01-21 11:13:09
- date last changed
- 2026-01-21 11:13:09
@misc{9216813,
abstract = {{The best interests of the child are a right stipulated in Article 3.1 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In Swedish law, the best interests of the child constitute a guiding principle laid down in Chapter 6, Section 2 a of the Children and Parents Code (FB). The principle was last amended on 1 January 2025. An examination of the applicable law shows that the purpose of the amendment was to clarify that the child’s need for a good and close contact with both parents must never be given precedence over the risk of harm to the child. Nor should it be treated as equivalent to that risk. This thesis examines the practical impact of the 2025 amendment and assesses whether the revised wording fulfils the purpose of the legislation. The thesis focuses particularly on the risk of harm to the child in relation to the child’s need for a good and close contact with both parents.
A legal-dogmatic analysis of preparatory works and legal doctrine shows that the best interests of the child should be determined based on the individual circumstances of each case. The child’s need for a good and close contact with both parents is intended to serve as a point of departure in the assessment but must never outweigh the risk that the child may be subjected to violence or other forms of abuse. Reports published by the Swedish Gender Equality Agency indicate, however, that the legislative intent has not been fully reflect-ed in practice. At the same time, a comparison of before and after the amendment demonstrates that risk assessments have been given greater prominence in the courts’ reasoning following the legislative change. The legal-dogmatic analysis is complemented by empirical material, consisting of inter-views with judges. According to the judges, the risk of harm to the child was a central element of the assessment even before the amendment.
The analysis proceeds from the premise that the thesis can only identify preliminary tendencies in the interpretation of the best interests of the child. Based on case law and the judges’ experiences, the amendment appears to have contributed to a gradual shift towards increased emphasis on the risk of harm to the child. Since the amendment, the risk of harm to the child no longer appears to be subordinated to the child’s need for a good and close contact with both parents. The child’s perspective is rooted in the Convention on the Rights of the Child and forms part of the application of the best interests of the child. Where courts fail to demonstrate how the child’s views have been taken into account, there is a risk that the child’s perspective is marginalized. This could lead to children being treated as objects rather than subjects of rights. The current formulation of the provision risks perpetuating tensions between the requirement to conduct an overall assessment of all relevant circumstances and the specific factors expressly highlighted in the legislation. Drawing on the criticism expressed in preparatory works, the thesis argues that Chapter 6, Section 2 a of the Children and Parents Code would benefit from a clearer and more flexible wording. This would allow greater scope for individualized overall assessments. All in all, the best interests of the child still appear to require further development for legal practice to correspond to legislative intent.}},
author = {{Bodelsson, Hanna}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Tolkning och tillämpning av principen om barnets bästa - En granskning av 2025 års lagändring i 6 kap. 2 a § FB}},
year = {{2025}},
}