Att straffa eller vårda, det är frågan – En analys av samspelet mellan rättspsykiatrin och Kriminalvården
(2025) JURM02 20252Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- I svensk straffrätt är alla medborgare föremål för åtal även om individen lider av en allvarlig psykisk störning. Åtalade som lider av en allvarlig psykisk störning kan få rättspsykiatrisk vård som påföljd. Rättspsykiatrisk vård är en tidsobestämd påföljd som inte kan kombineras med ett fängelsestraff. Vården kan förenas med en så kallad särskild utskrivningsprövning om det finns risk för att personen återfaller i allvarlig brottslighet. En särskild utskrivningsprövning innebär att den intagna kan hållas kvar på rättspsykiatrin så länge risk för återfall i brottslighet föreligger även i de fall vårdbehovet inte längre finns. Detta förfarande riskerar att åsidosätta proportionalitetsprincipen då den straffrättsliga reaktionen baseras på en... (More)
- I svensk straffrätt är alla medborgare föremål för åtal även om individen lider av en allvarlig psykisk störning. Åtalade som lider av en allvarlig psykisk störning kan få rättspsykiatrisk vård som påföljd. Rättspsykiatrisk vård är en tidsobestämd påföljd som inte kan kombineras med ett fängelsestraff. Vården kan förenas med en så kallad särskild utskrivningsprövning om det finns risk för att personen återfaller i allvarlig brottslighet. En särskild utskrivningsprövning innebär att den intagna kan hållas kvar på rättspsykiatrin så länge risk för återfall i brottslighet föreligger även i de fall vårdbehovet inte längre finns. Detta förfarande riskerar att åsidosätta proportionalitetsprincipen då den straffrättsliga reaktionen baseras på en framtida risk i stället för den begångna brottsliga gärningen. Å andra sidan tillgodoses intresset om samhällsskydd med den särskilda utskrivningsprövningen då individen förhindras från fortsatt brottslighet.
Intagna på fängelseanstalter lider av psykisk ohälsa i en högre utsträckning än normalbefolkningen. Intagna som behöver psykiatrisk vård har samma rätt till hälso- och sjukvård som resten av befolkningen. De kan därför behöva transporteras till allmänna sjukvårdsinrättningar i regionen för att få vård. Detta då Kriminalvården inte har i uppdrag att bedriva sjukvård. Trots detta har Kriminalvården organiserat egna sjukvårdsverksamheter på anstalterna då rymnings- och fritagningsrisken vid transporter är hög. Sjukvårdsorganisationen har begränsade resurser och kan inte erbjuda tvångsvård varpå intagna ändå måste tas till externa sjukvårdsinrättningar. Intagna får inte alltid vårdas på rättspsykiatrin då rättspsykiatriska avdelningar ofta är överbelagda. Allmänna psykiatriska avdelningar som inte har samma häktesbefogenheter måste då ta ansvaret för kriminalvårdsklienter. Kriminalvården har, i de fallen, ansvaret för säkerheten. Samhällsskyddet riskerar därmed att åsidosättas genom detta förfarande då risken för rymning är hög, och allmänna sjukvårdsinrättningar inte har samma möjligheter att hantera frihetsberövade individer.
Genom att avskaffa rättspsykiatrin och i stället kunna förena fängelse med föreskrift om psykiatrisk vård hade straff för de som behöver psykiatrisk vård kunna tidsbestämmas. Därmed hade proportionalitetsprincipen tillgodosetts på ett bättre sätt än med nuvarande ordning. Samhällsskyddet hade fortfarande tillgodosetts genom att lagöverträdare frihetsberövas. Det hade däremot inneburit att en samhällsskyddsåtgärd försvinner i och med avskaffandet av särskild utskrivningsprövning. Något som hade kunnat lösas genom speciella skyddsåtgärder. Kriminalvården hade fått ett ökat ansvar att bedriva sjukvård vilket hade ökat kvalitén på vården som erbjuds till intagna. (Less) - Abstract
- In Swedish penal law all defendants can be prosecuted even if they suffer from a serious mental disorder. These defendants can be sentenced to forensic psychiatric care for an indefinite time. In today’s system there are no possibilities to combine psychiatric care with prison as a penalty. The psychiatric care can be combined with a special discharge review that enables the convicted’s sentence to be prolonged solely on the basis of the risk of future criminality, even in the cases were the need of care no longer exists. This procedure puts the principal of proportionality at risk as the procedural reaction to the crime is based on a future risk instead of the committed crime. On the other hand the interest of public safety is achieved... (More)
- In Swedish penal law all defendants can be prosecuted even if they suffer from a serious mental disorder. These defendants can be sentenced to forensic psychiatric care for an indefinite time. In today’s system there are no possibilities to combine psychiatric care with prison as a penalty. The psychiatric care can be combined with a special discharge review that enables the convicted’s sentence to be prolonged solely on the basis of the risk of future criminality, even in the cases were the need of care no longer exists. This procedure puts the principal of proportionality at risk as the procedural reaction to the crime is based on a future risk instead of the committed crime. On the other hand the interest of public safety is achieved with the special discharge review as the convict is prevented from committing more crimes.
Convicted individuals that are serving a prison sentence have the same he- alth care rights as other citizens. Health care, including psychiatric care, is provided by the regional health facilities. Studies show that convicts in prison suffer from mental disorders to a higher extent when compared to the rest of the population. When an individual in prison needs psychiatric care they are transported to regional health care facilities, as the Swedish Prison and Probation Service are not in charge of providing health care. Despite this, they provide a limited health care at the prison facilities, because of the high risk of prison breaking during transport outside of the prison. The forensic psychiatric care is not always able to receive the convicts due to overcrowding. The public psychiatric facilities, that do not have the same resources to ensure necessary security measures for imprisoned individuals, have to receive them instead. The interest of public safety is therefore at risk with this system.
By abolishing the forensic psychiatric care and instead offer the possibility to combine a prison sentence with a prescription for psychiatric care, penalties for those with mental disorders, would instead be a fixed term sentence. The principal of proportionality would therefore be met in a better way than with the current system. The interest of public safety would still be achieved by imprisoning those who have committed crimes. Though it would also mean that the protection measure that the special discharge re- view provides, would be abolished. There are ways to solve this by introducing other protection measures. The Prison and Probation Service would get a bigger responsibility for the health care of the convicts which would increase the quality of and access to health care for convicts. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9217160
- author
- Stanojevic, Sandra LU
- supervisor
-
- Tova Bennet LU
- organization
- alternative title
- To Provide Care or Penalize - An Analysis of the Cooperation Between Swedish Forensic Psychiatry and the Prison and Probation Service
- course
- JURM02 20252
- year
- 2025
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- Straffrätt, Criminal law, Rättspsykiatrisk vård
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9217160
- date added to LUP
- 2026-01-20 09:40:24
- date last changed
- 2026-01-20 09:40:24
@misc{9217160,
abstract = {{In Swedish penal law all defendants can be prosecuted even if they suffer from a serious mental disorder. These defendants can be sentenced to forensic psychiatric care for an indefinite time. In today’s system there are no possibilities to combine psychiatric care with prison as a penalty. The psychiatric care can be combined with a special discharge review that enables the convicted’s sentence to be prolonged solely on the basis of the risk of future criminality, even in the cases were the need of care no longer exists. This procedure puts the principal of proportionality at risk as the procedural reaction to the crime is based on a future risk instead of the committed crime. On the other hand the interest of public safety is achieved with the special discharge review as the convict is prevented from committing more crimes.
Convicted individuals that are serving a prison sentence have the same he- alth care rights as other citizens. Health care, including psychiatric care, is provided by the regional health facilities. Studies show that convicts in prison suffer from mental disorders to a higher extent when compared to the rest of the population. When an individual in prison needs psychiatric care they are transported to regional health care facilities, as the Swedish Prison and Probation Service are not in charge of providing health care. Despite this, they provide a limited health care at the prison facilities, because of the high risk of prison breaking during transport outside of the prison. The forensic psychiatric care is not always able to receive the convicts due to overcrowding. The public psychiatric facilities, that do not have the same resources to ensure necessary security measures for imprisoned individuals, have to receive them instead. The interest of public safety is therefore at risk with this system.
By abolishing the forensic psychiatric care and instead offer the possibility to combine a prison sentence with a prescription for psychiatric care, penalties for those with mental disorders, would instead be a fixed term sentence. The principal of proportionality would therefore be met in a better way than with the current system. The interest of public safety would still be achieved by imprisoning those who have committed crimes. Though it would also mean that the protection measure that the special discharge re- view provides, would be abolished. There are ways to solve this by introducing other protection measures. The Prison and Probation Service would get a bigger responsibility for the health care of the convicts which would increase the quality of and access to health care for convicts.}},
author = {{Stanojevic, Sandra}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Att straffa eller vårda, det är frågan – En analys av samspelet mellan rättspsykiatrin och Kriminalvården}},
year = {{2025}},
}