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Photon time-of-flight and continuous-wave near-infrared-spectroscopy of human skeletal muscle tissue; a comparative study

Shaharin, Alfi LU (2013) PHYM01 20122
Atomic Physics
Mathematical Physics
Abstract
The focus of this thesis is to perform a comparative study between two noninvasive optical techniques: Photon Time-of-flight Spectroscopy (pTOFS) and a Continuous-wave NIRS system for measuring muscle tissue oxygen saturation. INVOS 5100C (Manufactured in 2011, Serial Number 11-10269, Produced by Somanetics Troy, MI 48084 USA) is such a CW-NIRS system that provides tissue oxygenation using continuous wave Near Infrared Spectroscopy technique and widely used in the hospitals. Wide bandwidth time-of-flight spectrometer (pTOFS) based on photon time-of-flight spectroscopy is a fast and non-invasive instrument developed in the Group of Biophotonics, Lund University. This unique system is capable to deliver continues absorption/scattering... (More)
The focus of this thesis is to perform a comparative study between two noninvasive optical techniques: Photon Time-of-flight Spectroscopy (pTOFS) and a Continuous-wave NIRS system for measuring muscle tissue oxygen saturation. INVOS 5100C (Manufactured in 2011, Serial Number 11-10269, Produced by Somanetics Troy, MI 48084 USA) is such a CW-NIRS system that provides tissue oxygenation using continuous wave Near Infrared Spectroscopy technique and widely used in the hospitals. Wide bandwidth time-of-flight spectrometer (pTOFS) based on photon time-of-flight spectroscopy is a fast and non-invasive instrument developed in the Group of Biophotonics, Lund University. This unique system is capable to deliver continues absorption/scattering spectra of turbid samples in a singularly broad wavelength range from 600nm up to 1400nm. It enables analysis of chemical composition and structural properties of turbid material like biological tissue, pharmaceutical tablets, food and agricultural products. The main idea of this technique is to send a very short pulse (ps regime) of light through the turbid sample and observe the temporal broadening of the injected short pulse. The broadening of the pulse then can be analyzed and the optical properties of the sample can be revealed. Thus it is possible to extract the optical properties of muscle tissue by implementing the same method. In the same way pTOFS was applied on human skeletal muscle tissue and a campaign was arranged for this after a written informed permission from the 21 healthy adult volunteer participants (8 women and 13 men).This campaign was approved by the Regional Human Ethics Committee at Lund University, Sweden. In the measurement the participant’s right arm was extended with the palm facing upwards and the pTOFS sensor along with two CW-NIRS sensors were attached to it. The two wavelengths used in both the sensors were 730 nm and 810 nm. A blood pressure cuff was attached to the upper side of the arm to observe provocations such as immediate venous and arterial occlusion or progressive venous through arterial occlusion. From the CW-NIRS system tissue oxygenation based on both absorption and scattering effect were continuously obtained. While pTOFS provided the time of flight signals and evaluating these signals the optical properties i.e. the absorption coefficient and the scattering coefficient were estimated. Then by doing simple calculation using only the absorption coefficient it was possible to estimate the oxygen saturation. The oxygen saturation values for resting position obtained from CW-NIRS were in the range from 70-90%. From pTOFS it were in the range from 55- 60%, which is in the line with what is expected for normal physiology of muscle tissue [32][33]. By doing statistical analysis, StO2 values during different provocations are compared with respect to their prior resting position. In both the techniques physiological changes with respects to StO2 were observed. In clinical aspects monitoring of oxygen saturation in muscle tissues is very important. In critical conditions like brain injury and/or heart/kidney failure the muscle tissue saturation gets low as blood flow is increased towards the more important organs( like heart, brain and kidneys) from the less important organs like skeletal tissue etc. This functions as an indicator for the critical conditions. Hence proper steps can be taken to treat this type of clinical declining at an early stage. The unique ability of pTOFS to separate the absorption effect from the scattering effect gives more consistent StO2 values. Despite this unique feature pTOFS instrumentation requires more research to be used for clinical measurement. (Less)
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author
Shaharin, Alfi LU
supervisor
organization
course
PHYM01 20122
year
type
H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
subject
keywords
Photon time-of-flight spectrometer, pTOFS, Tissue Saturation, StO2, and CW-NIRS
language
English
id
4139696
date added to LUP
2013-12-10 13:05:30
date last changed
2015-12-14 13:32:32
@misc{4139696,
  abstract     = {{The focus of this thesis is to perform a comparative study between two noninvasive optical techniques: Photon Time-of-flight Spectroscopy (pTOFS) and a Continuous-wave NIRS system for measuring muscle tissue oxygen saturation. INVOS 5100C (Manufactured in 2011, Serial Number 11-10269, Produced by Somanetics Troy, MI 48084 USA) is such a CW-NIRS system that provides tissue oxygenation using continuous wave Near Infrared Spectroscopy technique and widely used in the hospitals. Wide bandwidth time-of-flight spectrometer (pTOFS) based on photon time-of-flight spectroscopy is a fast and non-invasive instrument developed in the Group of Biophotonics, Lund University. This unique system is capable to deliver continues absorption/scattering spectra of turbid samples in a singularly broad wavelength range from 600nm up to 1400nm. It enables analysis of chemical composition and structural properties of turbid material like biological tissue, pharmaceutical tablets, food and agricultural products. The main idea of this technique is to send a very short pulse (ps regime) of light through the turbid sample and observe the temporal broadening of the injected short pulse. The broadening of the pulse then can be analyzed and the optical properties of the sample can be revealed. Thus it is possible to extract the optical properties of muscle tissue by implementing the same method. In the same way pTOFS was applied on human skeletal muscle tissue and a campaign was arranged for this after a written informed permission from the 21 healthy adult volunteer participants (8 women and 13 men).This campaign was approved by the Regional Human Ethics Committee at Lund University, Sweden. In the measurement the participant’s right arm was extended with the palm facing upwards and the pTOFS sensor along with two CW-NIRS sensors were attached to it. The two wavelengths used in both the sensors were 730 nm and 810 nm. A blood pressure cuff was attached to the upper side of the arm to observe provocations such as immediate venous and arterial occlusion or progressive venous through arterial occlusion. From the CW-NIRS system tissue oxygenation based on both absorption and scattering effect were continuously obtained. While pTOFS provided the time of flight signals and evaluating these signals the optical properties i.e. the absorption coefficient and the scattering coefficient were estimated. Then by doing simple calculation using only the absorption coefficient it was possible to estimate the oxygen saturation. The oxygen saturation values for resting position obtained from CW-NIRS were in the range from 70-90%. From pTOFS it were in the range from 55- 60%, which is in the line with what is expected for normal physiology of muscle tissue [32][33]. By doing statistical analysis, StO2 values during different provocations are compared with respect to their prior resting position. In both the techniques physiological changes with respects to StO2 were observed. In clinical aspects monitoring of oxygen saturation in muscle tissues is very important. In critical conditions like brain injury and/or heart/kidney failure the muscle tissue saturation gets low as blood flow is increased towards the more important organs( like heart, brain and kidneys) from the less important organs like skeletal tissue etc. This functions as an indicator for the critical conditions. Hence proper steps can be taken to treat this type of clinical declining at an early stage. The unique ability of pTOFS to separate the absorption effect from the scattering effect gives more consistent StO2 values. Despite this unique feature pTOFS instrumentation requires more research to be used for clinical measurement.}},
  author       = {{Shaharin, Alfi}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Photon time-of-flight and continuous-wave near-infrared-spectroscopy of human skeletal muscle tissue; a comparative study}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}