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Google AdWords, sökordsannonsering och varumärkesanvändning inom EU

Tarring, Anna-Lena LU (2014) JURM02 20141
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Det råder ingen tvekan om att internet idag uppfattas som en del av vår vardag och att det utgör ett nödvändigt verktyg för att få tillgång till information, såväl av kommersiell som privat natur. I takt med den tekniska utvecklingen och den ökade tillgängligheten som internet medför ökar även konkurrensen i informationsflödet, vilket marknaden har behövt anpassa sig till. Idag finns möjligheten att köpa annans varumärke som sökord i en söktjänst på internet, exempelvis genom Google AdWords. Denna typ av sökordsannonsering har gett upphov till flera rättstvister inom Europa och har varit föremål för prövning av EUD i en rad uppmärksammade mål, de så kallade AdWords-domarna. I denna uppsats har jag analyserat dessa avgöranden för att... (More)
Det råder ingen tvekan om att internet idag uppfattas som en del av vår vardag och att det utgör ett nödvändigt verktyg för att få tillgång till information, såväl av kommersiell som privat natur. I takt med den tekniska utvecklingen och den ökade tillgängligheten som internet medför ökar även konkurrensen i informationsflödet, vilket marknaden har behövt anpassa sig till. Idag finns möjligheten att köpa annans varumärke som sökord i en söktjänst på internet, exempelvis genom Google AdWords. Denna typ av sökordsannonsering har gett upphov till flera rättstvister inom Europa och har varit föremål för prövning av EUD i en rad uppmärksammade mål, de så kallade AdWords-domarna. I denna uppsats har jag analyserat dessa avgöranden för att klargöra det gällande rättsläget när det kommer till varumärkesanvändning vid konkurrerande sökordsannonsering på internet.

Det varumärkesrättsliga skyddet innebär att varumärkesinnehavaren har möjlighet att förhindra andra från att använda ett kännetecken som är identiskt eller förväxlingsbart med dennes varumärke. I AdWords-domarna fann EUD att användandet av ett varumärke som sökord vid sökordsannonsering under vissa förutsättningar skulle kunna anses göra intrång i en varumärkesinnehavares ensamrätt. Bland dessa förutsättningar finns kraven på att varumärket ska användas i näringsverksamhet samt att användningen skadar någon av varumärkets funktioner. Det är dock inte EUD utan de nationella domstolarna som har att göra den slutliga prövningen av om de nödvändiga förutsättningarna för varumärkesintrång uppfyllts. Något som har resulterat i att lika fall behandlats olika beroende på i vilket land saken avgjorts.

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att klargöra hur den nationella tolkningen av EUD:s praxis om varumärkesanvändning vid sökordsannonsering skiljer sig åt i Sverige, Danmark och Storbritannien. Mot bakgrund av de nationella avgöranden som studerats kan det konstateras att det finns skillnader i den nationella tolkningen, främst avseende bedömningen av om varumärkets funktioner skadas av tredje mans varumärkesanvändning. Det finns därför ett behov av förtydliganden från EUD för att kunna uppnå enhetlig tillämpning av varumärkesrätten när det kommer till konkurrerande sökordsannonsering på internet. Den fortsatta utvecklingen på området är emellertid beroende av en balans mellan ett par viktiga intressen. I ena vågskålen bör intresset av att skapa en gemensam marknad och främja den fria rörligheten av varor och tjänster inom EU läggas. I den andra, varumärkesinnehavarnas intressen av att erhålla ett tillfredsställande skydd av deras varumärken. I slutändan är det dock så att bedömningen av om det är fråga om varumärkesintrång måste göras i varje enskilt fall och hänsyn måste även tas till den tekniska utvecklingen på området. Det finns därför ett behov av en lagstiftning som dels löser de nationella skillnaderna, dels är lämplig sett till den tekniska utvecklingen och dels kan tillämpas på olika situationer i framtiden. (Less)
Abstract
There is no doubt that the internet today is considered as an integral part of our daily lives and that it constitutes a necessary tool in order to gain access to information, both commercial and private. In line with the technological development and the increased access to information made possible by the internet, there is also an increased competition in the information flow, which the market has had to adjust to. Today, it is possible to reserve someone else’s trade mark as a keyword in an internet referencing service, for example through Google AdWords. This sort of keyword advertising has resulted in several legal disputes within the EU and has been subject to review by the ECJ in a number of high profile cases, the so-called... (More)
There is no doubt that the internet today is considered as an integral part of our daily lives and that it constitutes a necessary tool in order to gain access to information, both commercial and private. In line with the technological development and the increased access to information made possible by the internet, there is also an increased competition in the information flow, which the market has had to adjust to. Today, it is possible to reserve someone else’s trade mark as a keyword in an internet referencing service, for example through Google AdWords. This sort of keyword advertising has resulted in several legal disputes within the EU and has been subject to review by the ECJ in a number of high profile cases, the so-called AdWords-cases. In this thesis, I have analysed these rulings in order to clarify the current legal position regarding trade mark use in competing keyword advertising.

The protection granted to the owner of a trade mark is the ability to prohibit others from using a sign that is identical with, or similar to, the trade mark. In the AdWords-cases, ECJ found that the use of a trade mark as a keyword in keyword advertising under certain conditions could constitute trade mark infringement. Among these conditions are the requirements that the trade mark has to be used in the course of trade and that the use must cause detriment to any of the trade marks functions. However, it is not the ECJ, but the national courts that make the final assessment of whether the necessary conditions for trade mark infringement are fulfilled. This has resulted in similar cases having been treated differently depending on in which country the matter has been settled.

The purpose of this thesis has been to clarify the differences between the national interpretation of the ECJ’s judgments in Sweden, Denmark and the United Kingdom. In the light of the national decisions that have been studied, it can be found that there are differences in the national interpretation. In particular when it comes to the assessment of whether the trade mark functions are affected by the trade mark use of a third party or not. Therefore, there is a need for clarification by the ECJ in order to achieve uniform application of trade mark law in relation to competing keyword advertising within the EU. However, the continued development is dependent on a balancing act between a few important interests. On the one hand, there is the interest of creating a single market and to promote free movement of goods and services within the EU. On the other hand, there is the interest of the trade mark owners in obtaining adequate protection of their trade marks. However, in the end, the assessment of whether it is a matter of trade mark infringement or not must be made in each case separately and take into account the technological development in the field. There is therefore a need for a regulation that resolves growing national divergence, is appropriate in relation to the technological development and is capable of being applied on diverse situations in the future. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Tarring, Anna-Lena LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Google AdWords, keyword advertising and trade mark use within the EU
course
JURM02 20141
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Trade marks, Varumärkesrätt, EU-rätt, Intellectual property, Immaterialrätt, Sökordsannonsering, Keyword advertising, Google AdWords
language
Swedish
id
4449238
date added to LUP
2014-06-12 09:02:43
date last changed
2014-06-12 09:02:43
@misc{4449238,
  abstract     = {{There is no doubt that the internet today is considered as an integral part of our daily lives and that it constitutes a necessary tool in order to gain access to information, both commercial and private. In line with the technological development and the increased access to information made possible by the internet, there is also an increased competition in the information flow, which the market has had to adjust to. Today, it is possible to reserve someone else’s trade mark as a keyword in an internet referencing service, for example through Google AdWords. This sort of keyword advertising has resulted in several legal disputes within the EU and has been subject to review by the ECJ in a number of high profile cases, the so-called AdWords-cases. In this thesis, I have analysed these rulings in order to clarify the current legal position regarding trade mark use in competing keyword advertising.

The protection granted to the owner of a trade mark is the ability to prohibit others from using a sign that is identical with, or similar to, the trade mark. In the AdWords-cases, ECJ found that the use of a trade mark as a keyword in keyword advertising under certain conditions could constitute trade mark infringement. Among these conditions are the requirements that the trade mark has to be used in the course of trade and that the use must cause detriment to any of the trade marks functions. However, it is not the ECJ, but the national courts that make the final assessment of whether the necessary conditions for trade mark infringement are fulfilled. This has resulted in similar cases having been treated differently depending on in which country the matter has been settled.

The purpose of this thesis has been to clarify the differences between the national interpretation of the ECJ’s judgments in Sweden, Denmark and the United Kingdom. In the light of the national decisions that have been studied, it can be found that there are differences in the national interpretation. In particular when it comes to the assessment of whether the trade mark functions are affected by the trade mark use of a third party or not. Therefore, there is a need for clarification by the ECJ in order to achieve uniform application of trade mark law in relation to competing keyword advertising within the EU. However, the continued development is dependent on a balancing act between a few important interests. On the one hand, there is the interest of creating a single market and to promote free movement of goods and services within the EU. On the other hand, there is the interest of the trade mark owners in obtaining adequate protection of their trade marks. However, in the end, the assessment of whether it is a matter of trade mark infringement or not must be made in each case separately and take into account the technological development in the field. There is therefore a need for a regulation that resolves growing national divergence, is appropriate in relation to the technological development and is capable of being applied on diverse situations in the future.}},
  author       = {{Tarring, Anna-Lena}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Google AdWords, sökordsannonsering och varumärkesanvändning inom EU}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}