Avtalsfrihetens gränser - om avtal i strid med legala förbud
(2014) JURM02 20141Department of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Avtalsfriheten är en grundläggande rättsprincip inom avtalsrätten och fundamental för ett marknadsekonomiskt samhälle. Ett modernt samhälle kännetecknas emellertid också av regleringar och förbud. När får intresset för avtalsfrihet ge vika för andra samhällsintressen? Uppsatsen syftar till att klargöra vilka civilrättsliga rättsverkningar som följer av att ett avtal har slutits i strid med ett legalt förbud, samt att besvara huruvida det finns någon presumtion för eller emot att ett sådant avtal blir ogiltigt. Samtliga avsnitt i uppsatsen avslutas med författarens egna reflektioner.
Inledningsvis ges en översiktlig genomgång av ogiltighetsläran, i syfte att bidra med en grundförståelse inför framställningen som följer. Därefter utreds... (More) - Avtalsfriheten är en grundläggande rättsprincip inom avtalsrätten och fundamental för ett marknadsekonomiskt samhälle. Ett modernt samhälle kännetecknas emellertid också av regleringar och förbud. När får intresset för avtalsfrihet ge vika för andra samhällsintressen? Uppsatsen syftar till att klargöra vilka civilrättsliga rättsverkningar som följer av att ett avtal har slutits i strid med ett legalt förbud, samt att besvara huruvida det finns någon presumtion för eller emot att ett sådant avtal blir ogiltigt. Samtliga avsnitt i uppsatsen avslutas med författarens egna reflektioner.
Inledningsvis ges en översiktlig genomgång av ogiltighetsläran, i syfte att bidra med en grundförståelse inför framställningen som följer. Därefter utreds hur doktrin definierar begreppet legala förbud samt vilken definition som kommer att användas i uppsatsen. Fortsättningsvis redogörs för ogiltighetsbedömningen av avtal i strid med legala förbud, med särskild fokus på de olika bedömningsgrunderna som har slagits fast i praxis och doktrin. Härtill följer en utblick i hur internationella avtalsrättsliga kodifieringar behandlar problematiken. Därefter presenteras översiktligt ogiltighetspåföljdens rättsverkningar allmänt sett, följt av en mer djupgående utredning över vilka rättsverkningar som följer av att ett avtal har förklarats ogiltigt på grund av att det strider mot ett legalt förbud. Även i detta avseende tas hänsyn till de internationella kodifikationerna.
Uppsatsen avslutas med en analys där rättsläget avseende avtal i strid med legala förbud presenteras och kommenteras. Ogiltighetsbedömningen vid sådana avtal består i att utifrån lagförbudets syfte, behovet av en ogiltighetspåföljd för att effektivt upprätthålla förbudet samt konsekvenserna av en ogiltighetspåföljd, avgöra huruvida ogiltighet i det enskilda fallet är påkallad. En svag presumtion för giltighet kan utrönas. Avsaknad av andra sanktioner för att upprätthålla förbudet är dock ett sätt att bryta denna presumtion.
Rättsverkningarna av ogiltighet som uppkommer på grund av att ett avtal strider mot ett legalt förbud avviker något från det som generellt sett gäller vid ogiltighet. Den allmänna principen om avtalsprestationernas återgång ska exempelvis inte alltid tillämpas när ogiltigheten beror på ett sådant avtal. Speciellt parter i ond tro verkar fråntas rätten till återgång. (Less) - Abstract
- Freedom of contract is a fundamental principle within contract law and is essential in a market economy. Our society today, however, is also characterized by regulations and prohibitions. When is the interest of freedom of contract forced to submit to other societal interests? This paper aims to clarify which legal consequences may follow when a contract is concluded in violation of a statutory prohibition, as well as to answer whether there is any presumption for or against declaring such a contract invalid. Every section of the paper is concluded by the author’s own reflections of the reviewed topic.
A brief review of the invalidity doctrine is initially given, in order to contribute with a basic understanding before the report which... (More) - Freedom of contract is a fundamental principle within contract law and is essential in a market economy. Our society today, however, is also characterized by regulations and prohibitions. When is the interest of freedom of contract forced to submit to other societal interests? This paper aims to clarify which legal consequences may follow when a contract is concluded in violation of a statutory prohibition, as well as to answer whether there is any presumption for or against declaring such a contract invalid. Every section of the paper is concluded by the author’s own reflections of the reviewed topic.
A brief review of the invalidity doctrine is initially given, in order to contribute with a basic understanding before the report which follows. Subsequently it will be investigated how the doctrine defines the concept of legal prohibitions and which definition of that concept which will be used in the essay. The invalidity assessment regarding contracts violating legal prohibitions will henceforth be presented, with special focus on the various assessment criteria that have been recognized in established practice and doctrine. In addition, there will an outlook of how international legal codifications treat the problem. Thereafter an overview will be presented concerning the legal effects of the sanction of invalidity in general. That overview will be followed by a more in-depth investigation of the legal consequences of a contract which is being declared void on the grounds of it being contrary to a statutory prohibition. The international codifications will be taken into account also in this respect.
The essay concludes with an analysis, where the legal position regarding contracts in violation of legal prohibitions are presented and commented on. Invalidity assessment in such agreements consists of determining, based on the purpose of the statutory prohibition, the need for an invalidity sanction in order to effectively enforce the prohibition and the consequences of an invalidity sanction, whether invalidity in that particular case is called for. A weak presumption of validity can be ascertained. Absence of other sanctions in order to enforce the ban, however, is one way to rebut that presumption.
The legal consequences of invalidity arising out of an agreement violating a legal prohibition differs slightly from the consequences which generally applies to invalidity. The general principle of restitution is for example not always applicable when the invalidity is due to such agreement. Especially parties in bad faith seem to be deprived of this right to restitution. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/4449654
- author
- Hultgren, Karin LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- Limiting the freedom of contract - contracts violating legal prohibitions
- course
- JURM02 20141
- year
- 2014
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- avtalsrätt, civilrätt, förmögenhetsrätt, avtalsfrihet, legala förbud, private law, contract law
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 4449654
- date added to LUP
- 2014-06-12 08:44:37
- date last changed
- 2014-06-12 08:44:37
@misc{4449654,
abstract = {{Freedom of contract is a fundamental principle within contract law and is essential in a market economy. Our society today, however, is also characterized by regulations and prohibitions. When is the interest of freedom of contract forced to submit to other societal interests? This paper aims to clarify which legal consequences may follow when a contract is concluded in violation of a statutory prohibition, as well as to answer whether there is any presumption for or against declaring such a contract invalid. Every section of the paper is concluded by the author’s own reflections of the reviewed topic.
A brief review of the invalidity doctrine is initially given, in order to contribute with a basic understanding before the report which follows. Subsequently it will be investigated how the doctrine defines the concept of legal prohibitions and which definition of that concept which will be used in the essay. The invalidity assessment regarding contracts violating legal prohibitions will henceforth be presented, with special focus on the various assessment criteria that have been recognized in established practice and doctrine. In addition, there will an outlook of how international legal codifications treat the problem. Thereafter an overview will be presented concerning the legal effects of the sanction of invalidity in general. That overview will be followed by a more in-depth investigation of the legal consequences of a contract which is being declared void on the grounds of it being contrary to a statutory prohibition. The international codifications will be taken into account also in this respect.
The essay concludes with an analysis, where the legal position regarding contracts in violation of legal prohibitions are presented and commented on. Invalidity assessment in such agreements consists of determining, based on the purpose of the statutory prohibition, the need for an invalidity sanction in order to effectively enforce the prohibition and the consequences of an invalidity sanction, whether invalidity in that particular case is called for. A weak presumption of validity can be ascertained. Absence of other sanctions in order to enforce the ban, however, is one way to rebut that presumption.
The legal consequences of invalidity arising out of an agreement violating a legal prohibition differs slightly from the consequences which generally applies to invalidity. The general principle of restitution is for example not always applicable when the invalidity is due to such agreement. Especially parties in bad faith seem to be deprived of this right to restitution.}},
author = {{Hultgren, Karin}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Avtalsfrihetens gränser - om avtal i strid med legala förbud}},
year = {{2014}},
}