Längtan efter klargörande - en studie om begreppet "direktupphandlingar av samma slag"
(2014) JURM02 20142Department of Law
- Abstract
- This thesis examines the legal meaning of the concept “direct procurements of the same type”. There is an opportunity within the national legislation, which is not included in the European union procurement directives, for contracting authorities or entities to make a direct procurement (an informal procedure) under the national thresholds without prior publication of a contract notice. Chapter 15 § 3 a of the Swedish Public Procurement Act (SFS 2007:1091) and the Swedish Public Procurement Act for the utilities sectors (SFS 2007:1092) states how the contract’s value shall be calculated and that the contracting authority/entity shall take into account “direct procurements of the same type” within the financial year. The concept of “direct... (More)
- This thesis examines the legal meaning of the concept “direct procurements of the same type”. There is an opportunity within the national legislation, which is not included in the European union procurement directives, for contracting authorities or entities to make a direct procurement (an informal procedure) under the national thresholds without prior publication of a contract notice. Chapter 15 § 3 a of the Swedish Public Procurement Act (SFS 2007:1091) and the Swedish Public Procurement Act for the utilities sectors (SFS 2007:1092) states how the contract’s value shall be calculated and that the contracting authority/entity shall take into account “direct procurements of the same type” within the financial year. The concept of “direct procurements of the same type” is not defined in the words of the act, and the legal meaning of the concept is influenced by how the concept is interpreted and applied. Guiding interpretation of the concept can be drawn from legislative history, studies and doctrine. One observed interpretation of the concept is based upon Sue Arrowsmith’s statement regarding the thresholds for the European Union. According to Arrowsmith, goods and services are of the same type where they are typically available from the same supplier or service provider. Another interpretation of the concept is based upon the codes of CPV for procurement objects. The case law is limited and a clear approach from the courts cannot be identified. The Administrative Court of Appeal in Stockholm has stated that legal services are the same type of services. However, there is no guiding decision from the Supreme Administrative Court.
The legal meaning of the concept “direct procurements of the same type” is uncertain and allows for multiple interpretations of the concept. “Direct procurements of the same type” is more than identical procurement objects. This thesis states however, that it cannot be excluded that identical procurement objects, with different purposes and based on different conditions, may constitute procurement objects of various type. Moreover, this thesis states that there is no obligation for the contracting authority/ entity to include direct procurements that run for a period beyond the financial year in the calculation. In qualitative interviews, respondents have stated that the concept seems ambiguous and unclear. In terms of the concept the respondents wish for clarification. Later on, this thesis concludes that there is a need for clarification from the legislator or from the Supreme Administrative Court. This thesis states that, until there is clarification of the concept of “direct procurements of the same type”, interpretation of the concept should be based on the procurement objects. This presupposes that the interpretation is not chosen to evade the procurement regulation. In order to create transparency, the contracting authority/ entity should describe the selected interpretation in its procurement policy. This thesis ultimately concludes that the interpretation offered by Arrowsmith is suitable for goods, while the interpretation presented in the CPV codes is suitable for services and works. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- Uppsatsen undersöker den rättsliga innebörden av begreppet ”direktupphandlingar av samma slag”. I det nationella regelverket, som inte omfattas av Europeiska unionens upphandlingsdirektiv, återfinns möjligheten för en upphandlande myndighet eller enhet att under fasta beloppsgränser direktupphandla utan föregående annonsering. I 15 kap. 3 a § lagen (2007:1091) om offentlig upphandling (LOU) respektive lag (2007:1092) om upphandling inom områdena vatten, energi, transporter och posttjänster (LUF) framgår hur kontraktets värde ska beräknas och att den upphandlande myndigheten/enheten vid beräkningen ska beakta ”direktupphandlingar av samma slag” gjorda under räkenskapsåret. Begreppet “direktupphandlingar av samma slag” är inte definierat i... (More)
- Uppsatsen undersöker den rättsliga innebörden av begreppet ”direktupphandlingar av samma slag”. I det nationella regelverket, som inte omfattas av Europeiska unionens upphandlingsdirektiv, återfinns möjligheten för en upphandlande myndighet eller enhet att under fasta beloppsgränser direktupphandla utan föregående annonsering. I 15 kap. 3 a § lagen (2007:1091) om offentlig upphandling (LOU) respektive lag (2007:1092) om upphandling inom områdena vatten, energi, transporter och posttjänster (LUF) framgår hur kontraktets värde ska beräknas och att den upphandlande myndigheten/enheten vid beräkningen ska beakta ”direktupphandlingar av samma slag” gjorda under räkenskapsåret. Begreppet “direktupphandlingar av samma slag” är inte definierat i lagtext och den rättsliga innebörden av begreppet präglas av hur begreppet tolkas och tillämpas. Vägledande tolkning av begreppet får hämtas från uttalanden från förarbeten, utredningar och doktrin. En uppmärksammad tolkning av begreppet baseras på Sue Arrowsmiths uttalande utifrån Europeiska unionens tröskelvärden. Enligt Arrowsmiths tolkning är utgångspunkten att produkter och tjänster som typiskt sätt tillhandahålls av samma leverantör utgör ”samma slag”. En annan tolkning av begreppet utgår från CPV-koderna för upphandlingsföremål. Rättspraxis är av sparsam omfattning och ingen klar linje hur begreppet tolkas av domstolarna kan utpekas. Kammarrätten i Stockholm har uttalat att juridiska tjänster utgör tjänster av samma slag. Det saknas emellertid vägledande avgörande från Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen.
Den rättsliga innebörden av begreppet ”direktupphandlingar av samma slag” är oklar och det finns utrymme för olika tolkningar av begreppet. ”Direktupphandlingar av samma slag” är mer än identiska upphandlingsföremål. Det konstateras emellertid i uppsatsen att det inte kan uteslutas att identiska upphandlingsföremål som åsyftar olika ändamål och bottnar i olika förutsättningar kan utgöra upphandlingsföremål av skilda slag. Vidare konstateras i uppsatsen att det inte föreligger någon skyldighet för den upphandlande myndigheten/enheten att sammanräkna direktupphandlingar, utöver räkenskapsåret, som löper över en period. Ur uppsatsens kvalitativa intervjustudie har det framkommit från respondenterna att begreppet upplevs oklart och svårtolkat. Hos respondenterna återfinns en längtan efter klargörande avseende begreppet. Det konstateras sedermera i uppsatsen att det finns ett behov av klargörande från lagstiftningshåll eller från Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen. Till dess det finns ett klargörande av begreppet ”direktupphandlingar av samma slag” konstateras det i uppsatsen att tolkning av begreppet bör baseras på upphandlingsföremålet. Detta förutsatt att tolkning inte väljs i syfte att kringgå upphandlingsreglerna. För att skapa transparens bör den upphandlande myndigheten/enheten beskriva vald tolkning i sin upphandlingspolicy. Uppsatsens slutsats är att tolkningen enligt Arrowsmith lämpar sig för varor medan tolkningen enligt CPV-koderna lämpar sig för tjänster och byggentreprenader. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/4889259
- author
- Gustafsson, Linnea LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- Longing for clarification - a study on the concept of "direct procurements of the same type"
- course
- JURM02 20142
- year
- 2014
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- Förmögenhetsrätt, Offentlig upphandling, Public Procurement, Direktupphandling, Direct procurement, "Direktupphandlingar av samma slag"
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 4889259
- date added to LUP
- 2015-03-12 11:21:45
- date last changed
- 2015-03-12 11:21:45
@misc{4889259, abstract = {{This thesis examines the legal meaning of the concept “direct procurements of the same type”. There is an opportunity within the national legislation, which is not included in the European union procurement directives, for contracting authorities or entities to make a direct procurement (an informal procedure) under the national thresholds without prior publication of a contract notice. Chapter 15 § 3 a of the Swedish Public Procurement Act (SFS 2007:1091) and the Swedish Public Procurement Act for the utilities sectors (SFS 2007:1092) states how the contract’s value shall be calculated and that the contracting authority/entity shall take into account “direct procurements of the same type” within the financial year. The concept of “direct procurements of the same type” is not defined in the words of the act, and the legal meaning of the concept is influenced by how the concept is interpreted and applied. Guiding interpretation of the concept can be drawn from legislative history, studies and doctrine. One observed interpretation of the concept is based upon Sue Arrowsmith’s statement regarding the thresholds for the European Union. According to Arrowsmith, goods and services are of the same type where they are typically available from the same supplier or service provider. Another interpretation of the concept is based upon the codes of CPV for procurement objects. The case law is limited and a clear approach from the courts cannot be identified. The Administrative Court of Appeal in Stockholm has stated that legal services are the same type of services. However, there is no guiding decision from the Supreme Administrative Court. The legal meaning of the concept “direct procurements of the same type” is uncertain and allows for multiple interpretations of the concept. “Direct procurements of the same type” is more than identical procurement objects. This thesis states however, that it cannot be excluded that identical procurement objects, with different purposes and based on different conditions, may constitute procurement objects of various type. Moreover, this thesis states that there is no obligation for the contracting authority/ entity to include direct procurements that run for a period beyond the financial year in the calculation. In qualitative interviews, respondents have stated that the concept seems ambiguous and unclear. In terms of the concept the respondents wish for clarification. Later on, this thesis concludes that there is a need for clarification from the legislator or from the Supreme Administrative Court. This thesis states that, until there is clarification of the concept of “direct procurements of the same type”, interpretation of the concept should be based on the procurement objects. This presupposes that the interpretation is not chosen to evade the procurement regulation. In order to create transparency, the contracting authority/ entity should describe the selected interpretation in its procurement policy. This thesis ultimately concludes that the interpretation offered by Arrowsmith is suitable for goods, while the interpretation presented in the CPV codes is suitable for services and works.}}, author = {{Gustafsson, Linnea}}, language = {{swe}}, note = {{Student Paper}}, title = {{Längtan efter klargörande - en studie om begreppet "direktupphandlingar av samma slag"}}, year = {{2014}}, }