Allmännyttiga bostadsbolag - en komparativ studie av Sverige och Danmark
(2014) LAGM01 20142Department of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- De svenska allmännyttiga bostadsbolagen i Sverige inrättades från början som kategoribostäder för mindre bemedlade, barnrika familjer på 1930-talet. På liknande sätt riktade även de danska allmännyttiga bostadsbolagen ursprungligen sin verksamhet till mindre bemedlade. På 1940-talet kom dock den svenska allmännyttans syfte att utvidgas till att förse alla med bra billiga bostäder, en utveckling som kom att dröja till 1990-talet i Danmark. Både den svenska och den danska allmännyttan har från första början definierats utifrån lånevillkoren för statliga bostadssubventioner men regleras numera i egna lagar, lagen om kommunala bostadsaktiebolag samt loven om almene boliger. Den svenska såväl som den danska allmännyttan tillämpade... (More)
- De svenska allmännyttiga bostadsbolagen i Sverige inrättades från början som kategoribostäder för mindre bemedlade, barnrika familjer på 1930-talet. På liknande sätt riktade även de danska allmännyttiga bostadsbolagen ursprungligen sin verksamhet till mindre bemedlade. På 1940-talet kom dock den svenska allmännyttans syfte att utvidgas till att förse alla med bra billiga bostäder, en utveckling som kom att dröja till 1990-talet i Danmark. Både den svenska och den danska allmännyttan har från första början definierats utifrån lånevillkoren för statliga bostadssubventioner men regleras numera i egna lagar, lagen om kommunala bostadsaktiebolag samt loven om almene boliger. Den svenska såväl som den danska allmännyttan tillämpade självkostnadsprincipen sedan sitt grundande vilket innebar att hyrorna sattes utifrån driftskostnaderna. Detta har varit en bidragande orsak till de problem med prissplittring, de nyare bostäder har högre hyra än de äldre, som funnits i Sverige och Danmark. Fram till nyligen gällde vinstförbud för de allmännyttiga bostadsbolagen i Sverige såväl som Danmark men detta har numera ersatts av affärsmässiga principer i Sverige.
Efter både första och andra världskriget uppstod omfattande problem med materialbrist, bostadsbrist, risk för stegrande hyror m.m. Som svar på dessa införde Sverige och Danmark hyresregleringslagar samt beviljade omfattande statssubventioner för bostadsbyggande. Allmännyttan kom att ha en bostadspolitikiskt viktig roll under 1900-talets andra hälft och blev en del av den allmänna välfärdspolitiken. Alla skulle ha möjlighet till en bra bostad till skälig hyra, oavsett ekonomisk och social bakgrund. I Sverige tog allmännyttan en hyresnormerande roll efter att efterkrigstidens krisreglering avskaffades. Genom sin tillämpning av självkostnadsprincipen hoppades man att de svenska allmännyttiga bostadsbolagen skulle ha en dämpande effekt på det övriga hyresbeståndets hyror. I Danmark kom boendeinflytandet att utvecklas redan på 1950-talet fram till dagens regler där de boende har omfattande inflyttande över sin lokala avdelnings dagliga drift. Bostadsbolagets högsta organ ska dessutom vara demokratiskt valt. Genom arbetet med att hålla hyrorna i bostadsbeståndet nere men också genom statlig subventionering av bostadsbyggande och de allmännyttiga bostadsbolagens strävan att förse behövande med bra bostäder till ett rimligt pris har bostadsbristen, åtminstone tills nyligen, åtgärdats, trångboddheten försvunnit och bostadsbeståndets standard genomgått en oerhörd förbättring. De senare åren har återigen problem såsom bostadsbrist i Sverige och dyra bostäder i Danmark blivit allt mer framträdande. Vilket syfte de allmännyttiga bostadsbolagen kommer att tjäna i framtiden återstår dock att se. (Less) - Abstract
- The Swedish public housing (allmännyttigt bostadsbolag) in Sweden was initially set up as category housing for large, low-income families in the 1930s. Similarly, the Danish public housing were created for people with limited means. In the 1940s, however, the goal of the Swedish public housing was extended to provide everyone with good affordable housing, a development that was not reached until the 1990s in Denmark. Both the Swedish and Danish public housing has from the start been defined based on the loan terms for government housing subsidy but are now regulated in the following laws, lagen om kommunala bostadsaktiebolag and loven om almene boliger. The Swedish and Danish public housing has applied a prime cost principle since its... (More)
- The Swedish public housing (allmännyttigt bostadsbolag) in Sweden was initially set up as category housing for large, low-income families in the 1930s. Similarly, the Danish public housing were created for people with limited means. In the 1940s, however, the goal of the Swedish public housing was extended to provide everyone with good affordable housing, a development that was not reached until the 1990s in Denmark. Both the Swedish and Danish public housing has from the start been defined based on the loan terms for government housing subsidy but are now regulated in the following laws, lagen om kommunala bostadsaktiebolag and loven om almene boliger. The Swedish and Danish public housing has applied a prime cost principle since its origin that meant that rents were based on operating costs. This has been a contributing factor to the problem of price division, (the newer apartments have higher rent than the older ones) which has existed in Sweden and Denmark. Until recently a prohibition of profit was applied on the public housing in Sweden and Denmark, but this has now been replaced by commercial principles in Sweden.
After both the First and Second World Wars arose extensive problems such as material shortages, housing shortages and the risk of increasing rents. In response to these problems Sweden and Denmark imposed rent control laws and granted extensive government subsidies for housing construction. Public housing came to play an important role in housing policy during the second half of the 1900s and became part of the general welfare state. Everyone should have the opportunity to a good home for a reasonable rent, regardless of economic and social background. In Sweden, the public housing took up a position as a prescriptive role model for deciding the appropriate rent level after the postwar crisis regulation was abolished. By applying the prime cost principle it was hoped that the Swedish public housing would have a dampening effect on the rest of the rental portfolio rents. In Denmark tenant influence over their living situation were introduced in the 1950 's and have since then developed into today's rules were residents have extensive influence over their local department's daily operations and the public housing company's highest body shall be democratically elected. Through the work of keeping rents in the public housing down but also through state subsidization of housing and municipal housing companies' efforts to provide people with limited means with good housing at a reasonable price, the housing crisis, at least until recently, were corrected, overcrowding disappeared and the housing stock have undergone a tremendous improvement. Recent years however, problems such as lack of housing in Sweden and expensive housing in Denmark has become increasingly prominent. What purpose the public housing will earn in the future solving of theses problems remains to be seen. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/4924305
- author
- Nilsson, Andrea LU
- supervisor
-
- Per Nilsén LU
- organization
- alternative title
- Public housing - a comparative study of Sweden and Denmark
- course
- LAGM01 20142
- year
- 2014
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- Almennyttige Boligselskaber, Allmännyttiga bostadsbolag, Legal History, Rättshistoria
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 4924305
- date added to LUP
- 2015-02-04 11:51:58
- date last changed
- 2015-02-04 11:51:58
@misc{4924305,
abstract = {{The Swedish public housing (allmännyttigt bostadsbolag) in Sweden was initially set up as category housing for large, low-income families in the 1930s. Similarly, the Danish public housing were created for people with limited means. In the 1940s, however, the goal of the Swedish public housing was extended to provide everyone with good affordable housing, a development that was not reached until the 1990s in Denmark. Both the Swedish and Danish public housing has from the start been defined based on the loan terms for government housing subsidy but are now regulated in the following laws, lagen om kommunala bostadsaktiebolag and loven om almene boliger. The Swedish and Danish public housing has applied a prime cost principle since its origin that meant that rents were based on operating costs. This has been a contributing factor to the problem of price division, (the newer apartments have higher rent than the older ones) which has existed in Sweden and Denmark. Until recently a prohibition of profit was applied on the public housing in Sweden and Denmark, but this has now been replaced by commercial principles in Sweden.
After both the First and Second World Wars arose extensive problems such as material shortages, housing shortages and the risk of increasing rents. In response to these problems Sweden and Denmark imposed rent control laws and granted extensive government subsidies for housing construction. Public housing came to play an important role in housing policy during the second half of the 1900s and became part of the general welfare state. Everyone should have the opportunity to a good home for a reasonable rent, regardless of economic and social background. In Sweden, the public housing took up a position as a prescriptive role model for deciding the appropriate rent level after the postwar crisis regulation was abolished. By applying the prime cost principle it was hoped that the Swedish public housing would have a dampening effect on the rest of the rental portfolio rents. In Denmark tenant influence over their living situation were introduced in the 1950 's and have since then developed into today's rules were residents have extensive influence over their local department's daily operations and the public housing company's highest body shall be democratically elected. Through the work of keeping rents in the public housing down but also through state subsidization of housing and municipal housing companies' efforts to provide people with limited means with good housing at a reasonable price, the housing crisis, at least until recently, were corrected, overcrowding disappeared and the housing stock have undergone a tremendous improvement. Recent years however, problems such as lack of housing in Sweden and expensive housing in Denmark has become increasingly prominent. What purpose the public housing will earn in the future solving of theses problems remains to be seen.}},
author = {{Nilsson, Andrea}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Allmännyttiga bostadsbolag - en komparativ studie av Sverige och Danmark}},
year = {{2014}},
}