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Styrelseledamöters personliga betalningsansvar vid kapitalbrist - Ett regelsystem i behov av förändring?

Böris, Sanna LU (2014) JURM02 20142
Department of Law
Abstract
Provisions regarding involuntary liquidation of companies, due to capital deficiency, have been enforced under Swedish regulation for a long period of time. The overall purpose of the regulation is to set a limit on the time period an unprofitable company may continue to trade before its operations must cease through liquidation. Thus, protecting the creditors of the company from a situation where the company’s assets are consumed prior to the commencement of a liquidation of the company. As a means of exerting pressure, the legislator has implemented a pattern of actions, which the board of directors is required to comply with at a time when half of the share capital has been consumed. If the board of directors fail to act in accordance... (More)
Provisions regarding involuntary liquidation of companies, due to capital deficiency, have been enforced under Swedish regulation for a long period of time. The overall purpose of the regulation is to set a limit on the time period an unprofitable company may continue to trade before its operations must cease through liquidation. Thus, protecting the creditors of the company from a situation where the company’s assets are consumed prior to the commencement of a liquidation of the company. As a means of exerting pressure, the legislator has implemented a pattern of actions, which the board of directors is required to comply with at a time when half of the share capital has been consumed. If the board of directors fail to act in accordance with the provisions, then they risk becoming jointly and severally liable for all the obligations that the company incurred during the period of liability.
The provisions have been criticised for being ambiguous and for creating a competitive disadvantage to the Swedish corporation as a legal form. Furthermore, the fact that the provisions are based on a company’s insufficiency, rather than its insolvency, has been criticised to cause the provisions to trigger too late, at a time when it is inevitable that the company will become insolvent. It has also been discussed whether the statutory minimum level of share capital should undergo further reductions or completely be abolished. If such an amendment is carried out, the provisions regarding involuntary liquidation need to be changed.
In previous discussions a framework called wrongful trading, which is enforced under English law, has been proposed as a possible substitution to the current Swedish regulation. This regulation is triggered at a time when the company becomes insolvent and the actions of the board of directors, in the period just before, are examined.
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether wrongful trading constitutes a more effective regulation than the current provisions regarding involuntary liquidation. As a means of highlighting the advantages and disadvantages with each of the regulations, this thesis studies the Swedish provisions regarding involuntary liquidation and the English regulation regarding wrongful trading. It is argued that wrongful trading constitutes a more effective regulation than the current provisions. The inclusion of such a provision in Swedish law would generate several advantages; above all, it would trigger the directors’ duty to act at an earlier stage than is the case under the current regulation. Overall, such regulation would be more adaptable and benefit corporate creditors to a greater extent. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Bestämmelser om tvångslikvidation av aktiebolag vid kapitalbrist har sedan länge reglerats i svensk rätt. Bestämmelsernas övergripande syfte är att utgöra en gräns för hur långt en förlustbringande verksamhet får fortsätta innan verksamheten måste upphöra genom likvidation. På så sätt skyddas bolagsborgenärerna mot att bolagets hela kapital konsumeras innan avveckling av bolaget inleds. Som ett påtryckningsmedel har lagstiftaren infört ett handlingsmönster som styrelseledamöterna är skyldiga att följa när bolagets kapital understiger en viss miniminivå. Vid underlåtelse att följa det föreskrivna handlingsmönstret riskerar styrelseledamöterna att bli personligt och solidariskt betalningsansvariga för de förpliktelser som bolaget ådrar sig... (More)
Bestämmelser om tvångslikvidation av aktiebolag vid kapitalbrist har sedan länge reglerats i svensk rätt. Bestämmelsernas övergripande syfte är att utgöra en gräns för hur långt en förlustbringande verksamhet får fortsätta innan verksamheten måste upphöra genom likvidation. På så sätt skyddas bolagsborgenärerna mot att bolagets hela kapital konsumeras innan avveckling av bolaget inleds. Som ett påtryckningsmedel har lagstiftaren infört ett handlingsmönster som styrelseledamöterna är skyldiga att följa när bolagets kapital understiger en viss miniminivå. Vid underlåtelse att följa det föreskrivna handlingsmönstret riskerar styrelseledamöterna att bli personligt och solidariskt betalningsansvariga för de förpliktelser som bolaget ådrar sig under ansvarsperioden.
Bestämmelserna har kritiserats för att vara svårförståeliga och ansetts medföra att det svenska aktiebolaget som bolagsform inte beaktas som konkurrenskraftigt. Vidare har det faktum att bestämmelserna tar utgångspunkt i ett bolags insufficiens, och inte insolvens, kritiserats för att föranleda att bestämmelserna aktiveras för sent, vid en tidpunkt då bolaget redan riskerar att vara på obestånd. Det har även diskuterats om det lagstadgade kravet på ett lägsta aktiekapital i privata aktiebolag ska genomgå ytterligare sänkningar eller avskaffas. Om en sådan lagändring genomförs kommer bestämmelserna om tvångslikvidation på grund av kapitalbrist att behöva förändras.
I tidigare diskussioner har ett regelverk kallat wrongful trading, vilket tillämpas i engelsk rätt, framförts som ett förslag på ett möjligt substitut till de nuvarande svenska bestämmelserna. Denna reglering är kopplad till bolagets insolvens och styrelseledamöternas agerande i tiden strax dessförinnan är avgörande för bedömningen av om ansvar föreligger.
Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda om bestämmelsen om wrongful trading utgör en effektivare reglering än de nuvarande bestämmelserna om tvångslikvidation på grund av kapitalbrist. I uppsatsen studeras de svenska bestämmelserna om tvångslikvidation på grund av kapitalbrist och den engelska regleringen kring wrongful trading, för att åskådliggöra de för- och nackdelar som finns med respektive reglering. I uppsatsens analys argumenteras det för att wrongful trading utgör en effektivare reglering än de nuvarande bestämmelserna. Ett införande av en sådan reglering i svensk rätt skulle medföra flera fördelar, framförallt skulle styrelseledamöternas handlingsplikt aktualiseras vid ett tidigare skede än vad som är fallet under den nuvarande regleringen. Sammantaget är en sådan reglering mer flexibel och gynnar bolagsborgenärerna i större omfattning. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Böris, Sanna LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The board of directors' liability in the event of capital deficiency - A regulation in need of change?
course
JURM02 20142
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
förmögenhetsrätt, wrongful trading, komparativ rätt, personligt betalningsansvar, kapitalbrist, engelsk rätt, insolvens, insufficiens, styrelseledamöters betalningsansvar, associationsrätt
language
Swedish
id
4925093
date added to LUP
2015-02-05 17:40:38
date last changed
2015-02-05 17:40:38
@misc{4925093,
  abstract     = {{Provisions regarding involuntary liquidation of companies, due to capital deficiency, have been enforced under Swedish regulation for a long period of time. The overall purpose of the regulation is to set a limit on the time period an unprofitable company may continue to trade before its operations must cease through liquidation. Thus, protecting the creditors of the company from a situation where the company’s assets are consumed prior to the commencement of a liquidation of the company. As a means of exerting pressure, the legislator has implemented a pattern of actions, which the board of directors is required to comply with at a time when half of the share capital has been consumed. If the board of directors fail to act in accordance with the provisions, then they risk becoming jointly and severally liable for all the obligations that the company incurred during the period of liability.
The provisions have been criticised for being ambiguous and for creating a competitive disadvantage to the Swedish corporation as a legal form. Furthermore, the fact that the provisions are based on a company’s insufficiency, rather than its insolvency, has been criticised to cause the provisions to trigger too late, at a time when it is inevitable that the company will become insolvent. It has also been discussed whether the statutory minimum level of share capital should undergo further reductions or completely be abolished. If such an amendment is carried out, the provisions regarding involuntary liquidation need to be changed.
In previous discussions a framework called wrongful trading, which is enforced under English law, has been proposed as a possible substitution to the current Swedish regulation. This regulation is triggered at a time when the company becomes insolvent and the actions of the board of directors, in the period just before, are examined.
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether wrongful trading constitutes a more effective regulation than the current provisions regarding involuntary liquidation. As a means of highlighting the advantages and disadvantages with each of the regulations, this thesis studies the Swedish provisions regarding involuntary liquidation and the English regulation regarding wrongful trading. It is argued that wrongful trading constitutes a more effective regulation than the current provisions. The inclusion of such a provision in Swedish law would generate several advantages; above all, it would trigger the directors’ duty to act at an earlier stage than is the case under the current regulation. Overall, such regulation would be more adaptable and benefit corporate creditors to a greater extent.}},
  author       = {{Böris, Sanna}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Styrelseledamöters personliga betalningsansvar vid kapitalbrist - Ett regelsystem i behov av förändring?}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}