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Högsta domstolens normbildningsinitiativ genom narkotikarevolutionen - Förenligt med demokratins, maktdelningens och rättsstatens förankring i svensk rätt?

Niklasson, Simon LU (2014) JURM02 20142
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Under tidsperioden 2011-2012 meddelade HD ett antal domar som på ett mycket långtgående sätt förändrade rättsläget avseende straffmätning av illegal hantering av narkotika, samt bedömningsgrunderna för om narkotikabrott ska ses somt grovt eller varandes av normalgraden. I uppsatsen har normbildningsinitiativet behandlats under benämningen narkotikarevolutionen.

Detta examensarbete syftar dels till att analysera narkotikarevolutionens rättsliga förändringar och problematisera dem utifrån följande begrepps förankring i svensk rätt: maktdelning, demokrati och rättsstat, dels att kritiskt analysera maktdelningen mellan den lagstiftande makten och den dömande makten i svensk rätt. Slutligen berörs frågan om HD borde ha meddelat... (More)
Under tidsperioden 2011-2012 meddelade HD ett antal domar som på ett mycket långtgående sätt förändrade rättsläget avseende straffmätning av illegal hantering av narkotika, samt bedömningsgrunderna för om narkotikabrott ska ses somt grovt eller varandes av normalgraden. I uppsatsen har normbildningsinitiativet behandlats under benämningen narkotikarevolutionen.

Detta examensarbete syftar dels till att analysera narkotikarevolutionens rättsliga förändringar och problematisera dem utifrån följande begrepps förankring i svensk rätt: maktdelning, demokrati och rättsstat, dels att kritiskt analysera maktdelningen mellan den lagstiftande makten och den dömande makten i svensk rätt. Slutligen berörs frågan om HD borde ha meddelat narkotikarevolutionens första dom i plenum.

Tidigare praxis la stor vikt vid narkotikans sort och mängd. Narkotikarevolutionen stadgar istället en mer nyanserad straffmätning med en bedömning av samtliga omständigheter i den åtalade gärningen. Normbildningsinitiativet medförde även att ecstasy nedgraderas i farlighetshänseende samt att mefedron, i farlighetshänseende, likställs med amfetamin och ecstasy. Slutligen betingade narkotikarevolutionen en mer eller mindre ansenlig påföljdslindring för samtliga narkotikatyper undersökta av uppsatsen.

Uppsatsens har funnit att demokrati i svensk rätt utgår från tanken på att folkets styr landet genom riksdagen, vilket medför en maktkoncentration till riksdagen. Maktdelning, ett formellt krav för rättsstaten, ses som ett nödvändigt ont för att säkerställa demokratiska värden; bland annat rättssäkerhet och moralisk rättvisa. Inställningen till maktdelning är däremot tudelad. Landets domstolar är självständiga i sin rättstillämpning men är samtidigt att betrakta som riksdagens verkställighetsorgan.

Följande slutsatser görs om narkotikarevolutionens förhållande till ovan nämnda begrepp. Svensk rätts stadgande om materiell rättssäkerhet, att påföljd för brott ska bedömas proportionerligt mot brottets grovhet, talar för normbildningsinitiativets legitimitet. Ett utav rättsstatens formella krav, att rättstillämpning ska vara förutsebar, talar mot narkotikarevolutionens legitimitet. Ett annat utav rättsstatens formella krav, att maktutövning ska vara lagbunden, kan tala för narkotikarevolutionens legitimitet.

Narkotikarevolutionen är i viss mån problematisk utifrån demokratin och maktdelningen, bland annat eftersom att den innebär ett kriminalpolitiskt ställningstagande. HD ska, enligt den svenska demokratin och maktdelningen, inte idka politik. Uppsatsen finner vidare att HD borde meddelat narkotikarevolutionens första dom i plenum, eftersom att domen bland annat inneburit en annan lagtolkning än vad som tidigare varit stadgat av HD.

Vidare så har uppsatsens synliggjort exempel där det konstitutionella ramverket antingen åsidosatts eller uttänjts. Uppsatsens författare när en önskan om dels tydligare konstitutionella stadganden, dels en större konstitutionell följsamhet. Detta vore sammanfattningsvis till gagn för den svenska demokratiska rättsstaten. (Less)
Abstract
During the time period 2011-2012 the Swedish Supreme Court (SSC) issued a number of precedent verdicts. The norms imposed by the judiciary power aimed at changing the legal situation regarding crimes related to narcotics. The aim was focused on how penal punishments were measured as well as the criteria for when a crime should be deemed severe or not. This paper has chosen to entitle this initiative as the narcotic revolution.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the legal changes brought by the narcotic revolution and to problematize them against the following terms, firmly established, in Swedish law: democracy, the separation of powers and the constitutional state. The paper’s purpose is also to critically analyze the separation... (More)
During the time period 2011-2012 the Swedish Supreme Court (SSC) issued a number of precedent verdicts. The norms imposed by the judiciary power aimed at changing the legal situation regarding crimes related to narcotics. The aim was focused on how penal punishments were measured as well as the criteria for when a crime should be deemed severe or not. This paper has chosen to entitle this initiative as the narcotic revolution.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the legal changes brought by the narcotic revolution and to problematize them against the following terms, firmly established, in Swedish law: democracy, the separation of powers and the constitutional state. The paper’s purpose is also to critically analyze the separation of powers between the legislative and judiciary branches in Swedish law. The question regarding whether SSC should have issued the first verdict of the narcotic revolution in full house is an additional question also included in the paper.

Previous customs have stipulated a precedent that emphasized the type and amount of a narcotic substance. Due to the narcotic revolution a more nuanced assessment of the indicted act has been emphasized. This also includes a downgrade of ecstasy in terms of harmful effects as well as a clarification that mefedron shall be deemed to be equally harmful as ecstasy and amphetamine. Finally, the narcotic revolution resulted in a more or less substantive cut in criminal sanctions for all types of narcotic substances.

This paper has found that the Swedish perception of democracy originates from the idea that the country is ruled through the people by the parliament. As a result, the official power is concentrated to the parliament. Separation of powers is seen as a necessary evil to ensure democratic values; among others rule of law and moral justice. The general opinion concerning separation of powers is thus twofold. Swedish courts are independent actors, but are meant to execute political decisions originating from the parliament.

The following conclusions can be drawn from the combined circumstances of the narcotic revolution and the terms mentioned above. The enactment from Swedish legality regarding material rule of law, meaning that a sanction shall be proportional to the committed crime, speaks in favor of the norms imposed by the judiciary. One of the formal demands of a state governed by the law is that the application of law shall be predictable. This speaks against the legitimacy of the narcotic revolution. Another formal demand is that the law shall regulate the exercise of power, which might be in favor of the legitimacy of the narcotic revolution.

The narcotic revolution is due to its criminal political standpoint, somewhat problematic in regards of democracy and separations of powers. SCC is, according to Swedish democracy and separation of powers, not supposed to practice politics. The paper finds that SCC should have announced the first verdict of the narcotic revolution in full house, since the verdict declared another interpretation of the law than what previously been deemed by the SCC.

Furthermore, the paper has shown examples where the constitutional framework has either been set aside or prolonged. The author of the paper holds a wish to see clearer constitutional consolidations as well as a greater constitutional compliance. Both of these would be in favor of the Swedish democratic state governed by the law. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Niklasson, Simon LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Norms imposed by the Swedish Supreme Court named the narcotic revolution - Compatible with democracy, the separation of powers and the constitutional state’s firm establishment in Swedish law?
course
JURM02 20142
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
narkotikarevolutionen, procedural law, criminal law, constitutional law, konstitutionell rätt, allmän rättslära, rättsvetenskap, processrätt, statsrätt, straffrätt, narkotika, normbildningsinitiativ, judikalisering, domstolsmakt, domarmakt, demokrati, maktdelning, rättsstat, rättssäkerhet
language
Swedish
id
4927108
date added to LUP
2015-03-02 13:30:31
date last changed
2015-03-02 13:30:31
@misc{4927108,
  abstract     = {{During the time period 2011-2012 the Swedish Supreme Court (SSC) issued a number of precedent verdicts. The norms imposed by the judiciary power aimed at changing the legal situation regarding crimes related to narcotics. The aim was focused on how penal punishments were measured as well as the criteria for when a crime should be deemed severe or not. This paper has chosen to entitle this initiative as the narcotic revolution.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the legal changes brought by the narcotic revolution and to problematize them against the following terms, firmly established, in Swedish law: democracy, the separation of powers and the constitutional state. The paper’s purpose is also to critically analyze the separation of powers between the legislative and judiciary branches in Swedish law. The question regarding whether SSC should have issued the first verdict of the narcotic revolution in full house is an additional question also included in the paper. 

Previous customs have stipulated a precedent that emphasized the type and amount of a narcotic substance. Due to the narcotic revolution a more nuanced assessment of the indicted act has been emphasized. This also includes a downgrade of ecstasy in terms of harmful effects as well as a clarification that mefedron shall be deemed to be equally harmful as ecstasy and amphetamine. Finally, the narcotic revolution resulted in a more or less substantive cut in criminal sanctions for all types of narcotic substances. 

This paper has found that the Swedish perception of democracy originates from the idea that the country is ruled through the people by the parliament. As a result, the official power is concentrated to the parliament. Separation of powers is seen as a necessary evil to ensure democratic values; among others rule of law and moral justice. The general opinion concerning separation of powers is thus twofold. Swedish courts are independent actors, but are meant to execute political decisions originating from the parliament. 

The following conclusions can be drawn from the combined circumstances of the narcotic revolution and the terms mentioned above. The enactment from Swedish legality regarding material rule of law, meaning that a sanction shall be proportional to the committed crime, speaks in favor of the norms imposed by the judiciary. One of the formal demands of a state governed by the law is that the application of law shall be predictable. This speaks against the legitimacy of the narcotic revolution. Another formal demand is that the law shall regulate the exercise of power, which might be in favor of the legitimacy of the narcotic revolution.

The narcotic revolution is due to its criminal political standpoint, somewhat problematic in regards of democracy and separations of powers. SCC is, according to Swedish democracy and separation of powers, not supposed to practice politics. The paper finds that SCC should have announced the first verdict of the narcotic revolution in full house, since the verdict declared another interpretation of the law than what previously been deemed by the SCC. 

Furthermore, the paper has shown examples where the constitutional framework has either been set aside or prolonged. The author of the paper holds a wish to see clearer constitutional consolidations as well as a greater constitutional compliance. Both of these would be in favor of the Swedish democratic state governed by the law.}},
  author       = {{Niklasson, Simon}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Högsta domstolens normbildningsinitiativ genom narkotikarevolutionen - Förenligt med demokratins, maktdelningens och rättsstatens förankring i svensk rätt?}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}