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Ren förmögenhetsskada och LOU - En civilrättsligstudie i det utomobligatoriska skadeståndets karaktär

Carlsson, Andreas LU (2015) LAGM01 20151
Department of Law
Abstract
Damages in public procurement is a relatively unexplored area in Swedish law and the special nature of the procurement procedure means that it is not possible to solve certain issues by looking solely at the established tort law. This paper aims to investigate the character of the liability to pay damages in relation to the rest of the tort law; however, it is limited to the liability for damages of pure economic loss under non-contractual conditions. To do this it is necessary to investigate the nature of theses different forms of liability.

Culpa in contrahendo and a quasicontractual liability are similar. It requires some kind of misleading. This misleading consists of an improperly disclosure of false information, which leads to the... (More)
Damages in public procurement is a relatively unexplored area in Swedish law and the special nature of the procurement procedure means that it is not possible to solve certain issues by looking solely at the established tort law. This paper aims to investigate the character of the liability to pay damages in relation to the rest of the tort law; however, it is limited to the liability for damages of pure economic loss under non-contractual conditions. To do this it is necessary to investigate the nature of theses different forms of liability.

Culpa in contrahendo and a quasicontractual liability are similar. It requires some kind of misleading. This misleading consists of an improperly disclosure of false information, which leads to the victim taking an economic risk which he would not have taken had it not been for the misleading. However, the liability does not arise before the economic risk has led to actual damage. Loss of profit does not constitute liable damage for culpa in contrahendo. The quasicontractual liability can occur in various forms. Two distinct forms are identified in this paper, valuation certificate cases and improper intervention in another’s contractual relationship. An important difference with the quasicontractual liability from culpa in contrahendo is that it is a third party who causes harm in someone else's contractual relationship; responsibility thus implies a contract. Loss of profits can also constitute liable damages.

The liability to pay damages in the field of public procurement derives from EU-law, most influenced by the principle of State liability which means it is up to the Member States to regulate the conditions as long as it is not impossible or excessively difficult to claim damages (principle of effectiveness) and does not provide less protection than a similar domestic claim (principle of equivalence). For liability to arise a breach of the law that led to the damages is required, culpability is however not a requirement. Compensation for the positive contract interest requires signing of the contract with the wrong party, basically meaning that only one provider can get this compensation. Concerning compensation for the negative contractual interest, it is sufficient to show that the supplier had a real chance of getting the contract. Liability also arises when the contracting authority has wrongfully omitted to announce the procedure. It is sufficient to show that the provider would likely have submitted tenders, and would have had a real chance of getting the contract. The compensation is then determined through appreciation.

The conclusion is that the liability for the positive contractual interest is different from the quasicontractual liability. As for the procurement liability it is a third party suffering damage as a result of a contract signing between other parties, it can thus be seen as a reverse quasicontractual liability. The liability when the contracting authority has omitted to announce the procedure is also different from the other forms of liability because the damage cannot be identified. The fact that the liability is purely strict is also an important difference. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Skadestånd vid offentlig upphandling är ett relativt outforskat område i svensk rätt och upphandlingens unika karaktär gör att det inte är möjligt att rakt av plocka lösningar från den övriga skadeståndsrätten. Den här uppsatsen syftar till att utreda upphandlingsskadeståndets karaktär i förhållande till den övriga skadeståndsrätten, dock begränsat till ansvaret för ren förmögenhetsskada i utomobligatoriska förhållanden. För att göra denna jämförelse mellan de olika skadeståndsansvaren krävs det först och främst att karaktär utav dessa utreds.

Culpa in contrahendo och kvasikontraktuellt ansvar är likartade. Det krävs någon form av vilseledande. Detta vilseledande består av ett culpöst utlämnande av felaktig information som innebär att... (More)
Skadestånd vid offentlig upphandling är ett relativt outforskat område i svensk rätt och upphandlingens unika karaktär gör att det inte är möjligt att rakt av plocka lösningar från den övriga skadeståndsrätten. Den här uppsatsen syftar till att utreda upphandlingsskadeståndets karaktär i förhållande till den övriga skadeståndsrätten, dock begränsat till ansvaret för ren förmögenhetsskada i utomobligatoriska förhållanden. För att göra denna jämförelse mellan de olika skadeståndsansvaren krävs det först och främst att karaktär utav dessa utreds.

Culpa in contrahendo och kvasikontraktuellt ansvar är likartade. Det krävs någon form av vilseledande. Detta vilseledande består av ett culpöst utlämnande av felaktig information som innebär att den skadelidande tar en ekonomisk risk som denne inte hade tagit om det inte vore för vilseledandet. Ansvaret inträder dock inte förrän risken har aktualiserats och skadan uppstått. Utebliven vinst inte utgör skada för ansvar vid culpa in contrahendo. Det kvasikontraktuella ansvaret kan uppträda i olika former. Här identifieras två olika former, värderingsintygsfallen samt otillbörligt ingripande i annans avtalsförhållande. En viktig skillnad med det kvasikontraktuella ansvaret jämfört med culpa in contrahendo är att det är tredje man som vållar skada i någon annans avtalsförhållande; ansvaret förutsätter sålunda ett avtal. Utebliven vinst kan utgöra skada.

Det upphandlingsrättsliga skadeståndet är sprunget ur EU-rätten, mest influerat av principen om statens skadeståndsansvar vilken innebär att det är upp till medlemsstaterna att reglera förutsättningarna så länge det inte är omöjligt eller orimligt svårt att få skadestånd (effektivitetsprincipen) samt det inte ger sämre skydd än en likvärdig talan enligt nationell rätt (likvärdighetsprincipen). För att ansvar ska inträda krävs det en överträdelse av lagen som lett till skada, ansvaret är rent strikt. För ersättning för det positiva kontraktsintresset krävs det ett felaktigt kontraktstecknande vilket i princip innebär att endast leverantör kan få skadestånd. För det negativa kontraktsintresset är det tillräckligt med en realistisk möjlighet för leverantören att få kontraktet. Dessutom kan skadestånd bli aktuellt vid otillåten direktupphandling och då räcker det att visa att leverantören sannolikt skulle ha lämnat anbud samt skulle haft en realistisk möjlighet att erhålla kontraktet. Ersättningen bestäms då genom en skälighetsuppskattning.

Slutsatsen av detta blir att ansvaret för det positiva kontraktsintresset skiljer sig från det kvasikontraktuella ansvaret då dessa inte fungerar på samma sätt. För upphandlingsskadeståndet är det tredje man som lider skada till följd av ett kontraktstecknande mellan andra parter, det kan sålunda ses som ett omvänt kvasikontraktuellt ansvar. Också ansvaret vid otillåten direktupphandling skiljer sig från de andra formerna då skadan inte kan konstateras. Ytterligare en stor skillnad är att ansvaret är rent strikt vid upphandling. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Carlsson, Andreas LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Pure economic loss and public procurement - a study in of the nature of the non contractual liabality
course
LAGM01 20151
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Förmögenhetsrätt Skadeståndsrätt EU-rätt upphandling skadestånd kausalitet kvasikontrakt culpa in contrahendo positiva kontraktsintresset
language
Swedish
id
5432489
date added to LUP
2015-06-11 20:30:32
date last changed
2015-06-11 20:30:32
@misc{5432489,
  abstract     = {{Damages in public procurement is a relatively unexplored area in Swedish law and the special nature of the procurement procedure means that it is not possible to solve certain issues by looking solely at the established tort law. This paper aims to investigate the character of the liability to pay damages in relation to the rest of the tort law; however, it is limited to the liability for damages of pure economic loss under non-contractual conditions. To do this it is necessary to investigate the nature of theses different forms of liability.

Culpa in contrahendo and a quasicontractual liability are similar. It requires some kind of misleading. This misleading consists of an improperly disclosure of false information, which leads to the victim taking an economic risk which he would not have taken had it not been for the misleading. However, the liability does not arise before the economic risk has led to actual damage. Loss of profit does not constitute liable damage for culpa in contrahendo. The quasicontractual liability can occur in various forms. Two distinct forms are identified in this paper, valuation certificate cases and improper intervention in another’s contractual relationship. An important difference with the quasicontractual liability from culpa in contrahendo is that it is a third party who causes harm in someone else's contractual relationship; responsibility thus implies a contract. Loss of profits can also constitute liable damages.

The liability to pay damages in the field of public procurement derives from EU-law, most influenced by the principle of State liability which means it is up to the Member States to regulate the conditions as long as it is not impossible or excessively difficult to claim damages (principle of effectiveness) and does not provide less protection than a similar domestic claim (principle of equivalence). For liability to arise a breach of the law that led to the damages is required, culpability is however not a requirement. Compensation for the positive contract interest requires signing of the contract with the wrong party, basically meaning that only one provider can get this compensation. Concerning compensation for the negative contractual interest, it is sufficient to show that the supplier had a real chance of getting the contract. Liability also arises when the contracting authority has wrongfully omitted to announce the procedure. It is sufficient to show that the provider would likely have submitted tenders, and would have had a real chance of getting the contract. The compensation is then determined through appreciation.

The conclusion is that the liability for the positive contractual interest is different from the quasicontractual liability. As for the procurement liability it is a third party suffering damage as a result of a contract signing between other parties, it can thus be seen as a reverse quasicontractual liability. The liability when the contracting authority has omitted to announce the procedure is also different from the other forms of liability because the damage cannot be identified. The fact that the liability is purely strict is also an important difference.}},
  author       = {{Carlsson, Andreas}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Ren förmögenhetsskada och LOU - En civilrättsligstudie i det utomobligatoriska skadeståndets karaktär}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}