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Lagval vid immaterialrättsliga avtal i EU och Schweiz - en komparativ studie

Sundblad, Nicolai LU (2016) JURM02 20161
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Immaterialrätter är i dag viktiga handelsvaror på den internationella marknaden. Därför är gränsöverskridande immaterialrättsliga avtal vanligt förekommande. Det väcker frågor om vilken lag som ska tillämpas på dessa avtal. Situationen kompliceras av att immaterialrättsliga avtal är variationsrika och komplexa. I EU och Schweiz har lagstiftarna valt olika lösningar på frågan om tillämplig lag på internationella immaterialrättsliga avtal. Syftet med uppsatsen är att jämföra lagvalsreglerna i EU och Schweiz gällande gränsöverskridande immaterialrättsliga avtal.

För att avgöra vilken lag som ska tillämpas på internationella immaterialrättsliga avtal är det viktigt att skilja på kontraktuella frågor och frågor som rör den immateriella... (More)
Immaterialrätter är i dag viktiga handelsvaror på den internationella marknaden. Därför är gränsöverskridande immaterialrättsliga avtal vanligt förekommande. Det väcker frågor om vilken lag som ska tillämpas på dessa avtal. Situationen kompliceras av att immaterialrättsliga avtal är variationsrika och komplexa. I EU och Schweiz har lagstiftarna valt olika lösningar på frågan om tillämplig lag på internationella immaterialrättsliga avtal. Syftet med uppsatsen är att jämföra lagvalsreglerna i EU och Schweiz gällande gränsöverskridande immaterialrättsliga avtal.

För att avgöra vilken lag som ska tillämpas på internationella immaterialrättsliga avtal är det viktigt att skilja på kontraktuella frågor och frågor som rör den immateriella rättigheten i sig. Vissa frågor som rör immateriella rättigheter avgörs av skyddslandets lag. I EU och Schweiz görs det en liknande åtskillnad mellan avtalsstatutet och skyddsstatutet.

I både EU och Schweiz har parterna till ett internationellt immaterialrättsligt avtal rätt att välja tillämplig lag på sitt avtal. Detta är en möjlighet som parterna bör utnyttja, med tanke på den osäkerhet som är förenad med valet av tillämplig lag på gränsöverskridande immaterialrättsliga avtal. Men partsautonomin i lagvalet är begränsad, både i EU och i Schweiz. I Schweiz är tvingande schweiziska regler alltid tillämpliga på avtalet, oavsett vilken lag som parterna har valt att tillämpa på avtalet. I EU, å andra sidan, måste vissa förutsättningar vara uppfyllda för att tvingande regler i EU och dess medlemsstater ska bli tillämpliga.

När det kommer till fastställandet av tillämplig lag på immaterialrättsliga avtal i brist på en lagvalsklausul är skillnaderna mellan EU-rätten och den schweiziska rätten tydliga. I schweizisk rätt finns det en särskild lagvalsregel för immaterialrättsliga avtal i artikel 122 i 1987 års IP-lag. Enligt denna artikel är immaterialrättsliga avtal underställda lagen i det land där överlåtaren eller upplåtaren av den immateriella rättigheten har sin vanliga vistelseort. I EU-rätten finns det ingen särskild lagvalsregel för immaterialrättsliga avtal. I stället är sådana avtal underställda de allmänna lagvalsreglerna i artikel 4 i Rom I-förordningen. Förslaget till Rom I-förordningen innehöll en särskild lagvalsregel för immaterialrättsliga avtal. I likhet med artikel 122 i den schweiziska IP-lagen hänvisade den regeln till en tillämpning av licensgivarens eller licenstagarens lands lag. Men den föreslagna lagvalsregeln togs bort från förslaget till Rom I-förordningen, då delegationerna i lagberedningen inte kunde komma överens om en utformning av artikeln.

Lagstiftarna i EU och Schweiz har alltså valt att reglera frågan om tillämplig lag på immaterialrättsliga avtal på olika sätt. Men det finns stöd i den EU-rättsliga och schweiziska doktrinen för att lagvalsreglerna i de två rättsordningarna kan tillämpas på ett liknande sätt på vissa kategorier av immaterialrättsliga avtal. Överlåtelser av immaterialrätter och enkla licensavtal är underställda överlåtarens eller licensgivarens lands lag. Det gäller i både EU och Schweiz. I vissa komplicerade licensavtal anser flera författare i den schweiziska doktrinen att det är möjligt att göra undantag från tillämpningen av artikel 122 i den schweiziska IP-lagen, till förmån för en tillämpning av licenstagarens lands lag eller skyddslandets lag. I slutändan kan tillämpningen av artikel 122 i den schweiziska IP-lagen och artikel 4 i Rom I-förordningen leda till samma resultat i fråga om tillämplig lag på immaterialrättsliga avtal. (Less)
Abstract
Today, intellectual property rights are important commodities on the international market. Hence, cross-border intellectual property agreements are very common. This raises questions about what law to apply to these contracts. The situation is complicated by the fact that intellectual property agreements are diverse and complex. In the EU and in Switzerland, the legislators have chosen different solutions when it comes to the question of the law applicable to intellectual property agreements. The purpose of this paper is to compare the conflict of laws rules in the EU and in Switzerland when it comes to cross-border intellectual property agreements.

In order to determine the law applicable to international intellectual property... (More)
Today, intellectual property rights are important commodities on the international market. Hence, cross-border intellectual property agreements are very common. This raises questions about what law to apply to these contracts. The situation is complicated by the fact that intellectual property agreements are diverse and complex. In the EU and in Switzerland, the legislators have chosen different solutions when it comes to the question of the law applicable to intellectual property agreements. The purpose of this paper is to compare the conflict of laws rules in the EU and in Switzerland when it comes to cross-border intellectual property agreements.

In order to determine the law applicable to international intellectual property contracts, contractual issues have to be distinguished from issues related to the intellectual property right itself. Some questions related to intellectual property rights are determined by the law of the country of protection. In the EU and in Switzerland, the distinction between the law applicable to the contract and the law of the country of protection is made in a similar way.

In both the EU and in Switzerland, the parties to an intellectual property contract are entitled to choose the law applicable to their contract. This is an opportunity that the parties should seize, given the uncertainty associated with determining the law applicable to cross-border intellectual property contracts. However, the party autonomy in the choice of law is limited, in the EU as well as in Switzerland. In Switzerland, mandatory Swiss rules are always applicable to the contract. In the EU, on the other hand, certain conditions have to be met in order for mandatory rules in the EU and its member states to be applicable.

When it comes to determining the law applicable to intellectual property contracts in the absence of a choice of law clause, there are significant differences between EU law and Swiss law. In Swiss law, there is a particular conflict of laws rule for intellectual property contracts in Article 122 of the Swiss Private International Law Act from 1987. According to this rule, intellectual property contracts are governed by the law of the state in which the transferor or grantor of the intellectual property right has his or her habitual residence. In the EU, there is no particular conflict of laws rule for intellectual property contracts. Instead, such contracts are governed by the general conflict of laws rules contained in Article 4 of the Rome I Regulation. The Rome I Proposal included a special conflict of laws rule for contracts relating to intellectual property rights. Like Article 122 of the Swiss Private International Law Act, it stated that the law of the country of the transferor or licensor should be applied to intellectual property contracts. The provision was deleted, since the delegations of the Rome I Committee couldn’t agree on how the article should be phrased.

Even if the legislators in the EU and in Switzerland have chosen different ways of determining the law applicable to intellectual property contracts, authors in the legal doctrine have suggested that the conflict of laws rules in the two legal systems can be applied in a similar way to certain categories of intellectual property contracts. Transfers of intellectual property rights and basic license agreements are governed by the law of the transferor or the licensor, both in the EU and in Switzerland. In certain complicated license agreements, some authors in the Swiss legal doctrine suggest that it is possible to derogate from the general rule in Article 122 of the Swiss Private International Law Act. This would result in the application of the law of the country of the licensee or the law of the country of protection. In the end, Article 122 in the Swiss Private International Law Act and Article 4 in the Rome I Regulation may lead to the same result when they are applied to intellectual property contracts. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Sundblad, Nicolai LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Choice of law in intellectual property contracts in the EU and Switzerland - a comparative analysis
course
JURM02 20161
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
EU-rätt, EU law, immaterialrätt, internationell privaträtt, private international law, komparativ rätt, comparative law
language
Swedish
id
8873805
date added to LUP
2016-06-07 14:41:46
date last changed
2016-06-07 14:41:46
@misc{8873805,
  abstract     = {{Today, intellectual property rights are important commodities on the international market. Hence, cross-border intellectual property agreements are very common. This raises questions about what law to apply to these contracts. The situation is complicated by the fact that intellectual property agreements are diverse and complex. In the EU and in Switzerland, the legislators have chosen different solutions when it comes to the question of the law applicable to intellectual property agreements. The purpose of this paper is to compare the conflict of laws rules in the EU and in Switzerland when it comes to cross-border intellectual property agreements.
 
In order to determine the law applicable to international intellectual property contracts, contractual issues have to be distinguished from issues related to the intellectual property right itself. Some questions related to intellectual property rights are determined by the law of the country of protection. In the EU and in Switzerland, the distinction between the law applicable to the contract and the law of the country of protection is made in a similar way.

In both the EU and in Switzerland, the parties to an intellectual property contract are entitled to choose the law applicable to their contract. This is an opportunity that the parties should seize, given the uncertainty associated with determining the law applicable to cross-border intellectual property contracts. However, the party autonomy in the choice of law is limited, in the EU as well as in Switzerland. In Switzerland, mandatory Swiss rules are always applicable to the contract. In the EU, on the other hand, certain conditions have to be met in order for mandatory rules in the EU and its member states to be applicable. 

When it comes to determining the law applicable to intellectual property contracts in the absence of a choice of law clause, there are significant differences between EU law and Swiss law. In Swiss law, there is a particular conflict of laws rule for intellectual property contracts in Article 122 of the Swiss Private International Law Act from 1987. According to this rule, intellectual property contracts are governed by the law of the state in which the transferor or grantor of the intellectual property right has his or her habitual residence. In the EU, there is no particular conflict of laws rule for intellectual property contracts. Instead, such contracts are governed by the general conflict of laws rules contained in Article 4 of the Rome I Regulation. The Rome I Proposal included a special conflict of laws rule for contracts relating to intellectual property rights. Like Article 122 of the Swiss Private International Law Act, it stated that the law of the country of the transferor or licensor should be applied to intellectual property contracts. The provision was deleted, since the delegations of the Rome I Committee couldn’t agree on how the article should be phrased. 

Even if the legislators in the EU and in Switzerland have chosen different ways of determining the law applicable to intellectual property contracts, authors in the legal doctrine have suggested that the conflict of laws rules in the two legal systems can be applied in a similar way to certain categories of intellectual property contracts. Transfers of intellectual property rights and basic license agreements are governed by the law of the transferor or the licensor, both in the EU and in Switzerland. In certain complicated license agreements, some authors in the Swiss legal doctrine suggest that it is possible to derogate from the general rule in Article 122 of the Swiss Private International Law Act. This would result in the application of the law of the country of the licensee or the law of the country of protection. In the end, Article 122 in the Swiss Private International Law Act and Article 4 in the Rome I Regulation may lead to the same result when they are applied to intellectual property contracts.}},
  author       = {{Sundblad, Nicolai}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Lagval vid immaterialrättsliga avtal i EU och Schweiz - en komparativ studie}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}