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Rätten till sin jord - En rättshistorisk studie om bönders rätt till jorden och dess avkastning under 1600- och 1700-talen

Huitfeldt, Fredrik LU (2017) LAGF03 20172
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Jordägande i Sverige idag är inte vad det en gång var. På 1600- och 1700-talen var den svenska jorden indelad i tre olika jordnaturer, skatte-, krono- och frälsejord. Dessa medförde olika rättigheter och skyldigheter för brukaren, och deras äganderättsliga struktur varierade.
Dåtidens ägande var komplext och rätten till jord delades under 1600-talet in i två delar, bördsrätt och rätt till avkastningen. Ideologiskt ansåg sig kronan och adeln ha den yttersta rätten till all jordens avkastning, medans rätten att bruka, avyttra och ärva jorden kunde tillfalla bönder eller andra ofrälse ståndspersoner.
För att utreda kronans anspråk på produktionen behöver dåtidens skattesystem behandlas. Detta bestod av ett antal olika skatter där de flesta... (More)
Jordägande i Sverige idag är inte vad det en gång var. På 1600- och 1700-talen var den svenska jorden indelad i tre olika jordnaturer, skatte-, krono- och frälsejord. Dessa medförde olika rättigheter och skyldigheter för brukaren, och deras äganderättsliga struktur varierade.
Dåtidens ägande var komplext och rätten till jord delades under 1600-talet in i två delar, bördsrätt och rätt till avkastningen. Ideologiskt ansåg sig kronan och adeln ha den yttersta rätten till all jordens avkastning, medans rätten att bruka, avyttra och ärva jorden kunde tillfalla bönder eller andra ofrälse ståndspersoner.
För att utreda kronans anspråk på produktionen behöver dåtidens skattesystem behandlas. Detta bestod av ett antal olika skatter där de flesta var baserade på innehavet av jord.
Trots att fler och fler skattetitlar tillkom under åren minskade skattetrycket från och med 1600-talets slut. Detta berodde på att flera skatter låstes till fasta belopp och systemet urholkades då genom nyodling, effektivare jordbruksmetoder och inflation.
Avslutningsvis kan noteras att den gamla synen på ägande sakta förändrades under perioden för att på 1800-talet inte längre innefatta kronan som slutlig ägare till att produktion. (Less)
Abstract
Land ownership in Sweden differs today from what it has been in the past. In the 17th and 18th centuries all cultivated soil was divided into three fiscal classes of land, associated with different land tenures (approx. Freeholds, crownland and bookland). The different land tenures came with varying rights and responsibilities as well as with varying degrees of possession.
The property rights of the 17th and 18th century were complex and segmented. The predominant notion at the time was that the right to earn income of the soil adhered to the crown and nobility, whilst the right to cultivate, transfer or inherit the soil could belong to the lower social classes.
To examine the crown’s claim to land proceeds in the 17th and 18th century... (More)
Land ownership in Sweden differs today from what it has been in the past. In the 17th and 18th centuries all cultivated soil was divided into three fiscal classes of land, associated with different land tenures (approx. Freeholds, crownland and bookland). The different land tenures came with varying rights and responsibilities as well as with varying degrees of possession.
The property rights of the 17th and 18th century were complex and segmented. The predominant notion at the time was that the right to earn income of the soil adhered to the crown and nobility, whilst the right to cultivate, transfer or inherit the soil could belong to the lower social classes.
To examine the crown’s claim to land proceeds in the 17th and 18th century it’s necessary to dig deeper into the tax system of that time. This consisted of several taxes imposed mostly based on land holdings.
Despite more and more different taxes over the years there was a decrease of the overall tax burden from the end of the 17th century and onwards. This was due to the tax amount being fixed in place to a flat amount, which resulted in the system being undermined by inflation, land expansion and agricultural advances.
Finally, it can be said that the old view of land ownership deteriorated and became obsolete by the 19th century. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Huitfeldt, Fredrik LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20172
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Rättshistoria, Skatterätt, Äganderätt, Agrarhistoria, Jordbrukshistoria, Skattehistoria, Beskattningshistoria
language
Swedish
id
8930441
date added to LUP
2018-02-07 16:07:00
date last changed
2018-02-07 16:07:00
@misc{8930441,
  abstract     = {{Land ownership in Sweden differs today from what it has been in the past. In the 17th and 18th centuries all cultivated soil was divided into three fiscal classes of land, associated with different land tenures (approx. Freeholds, crownland and bookland). The different land tenures came with varying rights and responsibilities as well as with varying degrees of possession. 
The property rights of the 17th and 18th century were complex and segmented. The predominant notion at the time was that the right to earn income of the soil adhered to the crown and nobility, whilst the right to cultivate, transfer or inherit the soil could belong to the lower social classes.
To examine the crown’s claim to land proceeds in the 17th and 18th century it’s necessary to dig deeper into the tax system of that time. This consisted of several taxes imposed mostly based on land holdings. 
Despite more and more different taxes over the years there was a decrease of the overall tax burden from the end of the 17th century and onwards. This was due to the tax amount being fixed in place to a flat amount, which resulted in the system being undermined by inflation, land expansion and agricultural advances. 
Finally, it can be said that the old view of land ownership deteriorated and became obsolete by the 19th century.}},
  author       = {{Huitfeldt, Fredrik}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Rätten till sin jord - En rättshistorisk studie om bönders rätt till jorden och dess avkastning under 1600- och 1700-talen}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}