Nödtestamentets funktion och framtid
(2018) LAGF03 20182Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Testamentet uppstod i Sverige på 1200-talet, som resultatet av kyrkligt inflytande. Testamentsrätten, som idag finns i ärvdabalken, har formats långsamt sedan dess. Först på 1930-talet fick testamentet sin nuvarande form i testamentslagen. Enligt gällande rätt utgörs ett ordinärt testamente av en skriftlig handling som undertecknats av testatorn och bevittnats av två vittnen. Vid nödfall eller sjukdom kan ett nödtestamente med enklare formkrav upprättas. Nödtestamentet kan upprättas antingen muntligt inför två vittnen eller genom ett holografiskt testamente som utgörs av en av testatorn egenhändigt skriven och underskriven handling. Formkraven garanterar att testamentet härrör från testatorn, att testamentet är allvarligt menat, samt... (More)
- Testamentet uppstod i Sverige på 1200-talet, som resultatet av kyrkligt inflytande. Testamentsrätten, som idag finns i ärvdabalken, har formats långsamt sedan dess. Först på 1930-talet fick testamentet sin nuvarande form i testamentslagen. Enligt gällande rätt utgörs ett ordinärt testamente av en skriftlig handling som undertecknats av testatorn och bevittnats av två vittnen. Vid nödfall eller sjukdom kan ett nödtestamente med enklare formkrav upprättas. Nödtestamentet kan upprättas antingen muntligt inför två vittnen eller genom ett holografiskt testamente som utgörs av en av testatorn egenhändigt skriven och underskriven handling. Formkraven garanterar att testamentet härrör från testatorn, att testamentet är allvarligt menat, samt erbjuder upprättandet solennitet. Nödtestamentet är giltigt i tre månader.
De senaste hundra åren har medfört en extensiv teknisk utveckling, som innebär att de huvudsakliga kommunikationsmetoderna i det moderna samhället är digitala. Denna samhällsutveckling speglas inte i svensk testamentsrätt. Det står inte klart om det holografiska testamentet får vara datorskrivet. I ett hovrättsfall från 2012 underkändes ett sms-meddelande som nödtestamente, eftersom det inte uppfyllde formkravet på underskrift. Detta har lett till frågan om testamentsrätten i Sverige är föråldrad.
Dansk testamentsrätt genomgick 2008 en modernisering, som resulterade i formfrihet för nödtestamentet. Ett danskt nödtestamente kan således utgöras av diverse elektroniska meddelandeformer såsom sms-meddelanden, e-mail och ljud- och video-inspelningar. För giltighet krävs istället att testamentet med säkerhet kan sägas vara upprättat av testatorn, samt spegla dennes sista vilja. Det angrips genom bevisfrågor med sänkt bevisbörda. De generösa reglerna medför en risk för en ökad mängd tvister, rättsosäkerhet och att den testamentariska dispositionen förlorar sin seriositet.
Fynden i denna uppsats tyder på att riskerna med total formfrihet för nödtestamentet är oproportionerliga i förhållande till vinsterna, samt att moderniseringsbehovet av svensk testamentsrätt i nuläget inte är särskilt stort. Samtidigt framstår digitala testamenten som inte alltför avlägsna med hänsyn till samhällsutvecklingen. En lösning skulle kunna vara att tillåta särskilda typer av digitala testamenten, med strängare regler än de danska. (Less) - Abstract
- The Swedish will first appeared in Sweden during the 13th century as a result of the church’s influence. The law of wills, a part of the Swedish inheritance code, is the result of an evolution extending from the 13th century into the 1930’s when the will was given its current form prescribed by law. An ordinary will requries a written document, signed by the testator and witnessed by two wittnesses. In case of an emergency or illness, an emergency will can be drawn up, either by making an oral disposition in the presence of two wittnesses or through a handwritten document signed by the testator. The latter is known as a holographic will. The form prescibed by law offers a formal guarantee that the will was authored by the testator and was... (More)
- The Swedish will first appeared in Sweden during the 13th century as a result of the church’s influence. The law of wills, a part of the Swedish inheritance code, is the result of an evolution extending from the 13th century into the 1930’s when the will was given its current form prescribed by law. An ordinary will requries a written document, signed by the testator and witnessed by two wittnesses. In case of an emergency or illness, an emergency will can be drawn up, either by making an oral disposition in the presence of two wittnesses or through a handwritten document signed by the testator. The latter is known as a holographic will. The form prescibed by law offers a formal guarantee that the will was authored by the testator and was meant as a serious disposition. The requirements also create a sence of solemnity. An emergency will is valid for three months.
The last century resulted in an extensive technological development. Today, modern methods of communcation are first and foremost electronic. This development of our society is not reflected in the law of wills. It is unclear if a holographic will written on a computer would be valid. In a 2012 case, a text message was found to be unvalid as a holographic will due to its lack of a signature. This leads to the question of whether the law of wills is outdated or not.
In 2008, Danish inheritance law underwent a modernization that resulted in complete freedom of form for the emergency will. Thus, a Danish emergency will can be drawn up through electronic communication methods such as text messages, e-mails and audio and video recordings. The validity depends on the certainty with which it can be said that the will was produced by the testator, and that it reflects the dying wish of the testator. Invalidity is based on evidence, and the burden of proof is lowered.
The new emergency will carries with it several risks, such as an increased amount of legal disputes, a reduced legal security and a loss of solemnity.
The findings in this essay indicate that the risks of freedom of form are disproportional to the benefits, and that the need for modernization of the law of wills is not that great to begin with. At the same time, considering the ongoing technological development, a need for electronic wills may arise in the near future. A possible solution to the problem could be allowing certain electronic wills under limited circumstances, with much stricter rules than the Danish ones. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8965077
- author
- Leufvenius, Elin LU
- supervisor
-
- Per Nilsén LU
- organization
- course
- LAGF03 20182
- year
- 2018
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- civilrätt, familjerätt, testamentsrätt
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 8965077
- date added to LUP
- 2019-03-10 13:49:04
- date last changed
- 2019-03-10 13:49:04
@misc{8965077,
abstract = {{The Swedish will first appeared in Sweden during the 13th century as a result of the church’s influence. The law of wills, a part of the Swedish inheritance code, is the result of an evolution extending from the 13th century into the 1930’s when the will was given its current form prescribed by law. An ordinary will requries a written document, signed by the testator and witnessed by two wittnesses. In case of an emergency or illness, an emergency will can be drawn up, either by making an oral disposition in the presence of two wittnesses or through a handwritten document signed by the testator. The latter is known as a holographic will. The form prescibed by law offers a formal guarantee that the will was authored by the testator and was meant as a serious disposition. The requirements also create a sence of solemnity. An emergency will is valid for three months.
The last century resulted in an extensive technological development. Today, modern methods of communcation are first and foremost electronic. This development of our society is not reflected in the law of wills. It is unclear if a holographic will written on a computer would be valid. In a 2012 case, a text message was found to be unvalid as a holographic will due to its lack of a signature. This leads to the question of whether the law of wills is outdated or not.
In 2008, Danish inheritance law underwent a modernization that resulted in complete freedom of form for the emergency will. Thus, a Danish emergency will can be drawn up through electronic communication methods such as text messages, e-mails and audio and video recordings. The validity depends on the certainty with which it can be said that the will was produced by the testator, and that it reflects the dying wish of the testator. Invalidity is based on evidence, and the burden of proof is lowered.
The new emergency will carries with it several risks, such as an increased amount of legal disputes, a reduced legal security and a loss of solemnity.
The findings in this essay indicate that the risks of freedom of form are disproportional to the benefits, and that the need for modernization of the law of wills is not that great to begin with. At the same time, considering the ongoing technological development, a need for electronic wills may arise in the near future. A possible solution to the problem could be allowing certain electronic wills under limited circumstances, with much stricter rules than the Danish ones.}},
author = {{Leufvenius, Elin}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Nödtestamentets funktion och framtid}},
year = {{2018}},
}