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Finns den svenska utflyttningsbeskattningen av näringsverksamhet mellan golv och tak? - En uppsats om svensk utflyttningsbeskattnings förenlighet med ATAD och EU-rättens etableringsfrihet

Lundeslöf, Terese LU (2018) JURM02 20182
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
The purpose of this thesis is to study and analyse if the Swedish exit taxation is compatible with both the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD) and the freedom of establishment within the European Union (EU).

Within the EU, one of the fundamental freedoms is establishment. EU law has developed mainly through EU-court case law. In this case, the territorial principle in the balance between a country's tax sovereignty and the free movement has meant that each country should tax the part of an increase in value that arose during the taxpayer's tax liability in the country. However, a direct payment has been considered disproportionate in relation to the freedom of establishment. Therefore, there are also rules on deferral of payment of the... (More)
The purpose of this thesis is to study and analyse if the Swedish exit taxation is compatible with both the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD) and the freedom of establishment within the European Union (EU).

Within the EU, one of the fundamental freedoms is establishment. EU law has developed mainly through EU-court case law. In this case, the territorial principle in the balance between a country's tax sovereignty and the free movement has meant that each country should tax the part of an increase in value that arose during the taxpayer's tax liability in the country. However, a direct payment has been considered disproportionate in relation to the freedom of establishment. Therefore, there are also rules on deferral of payment of the exit tax.

In 2016, a directive was also issued against tax evasion methods, i.e. the ATAD. The Member States shall have adjusted their legislation by 1 January 2020 to comply with the Directive. In the Swedish law, exit taxation is regulated as a fictive taxation (uttagsbeskattning) and the reversal of deductions for untaxed reserves (periodiserings- och ersättningsfond). According to the Directive, exit taxation is applicable in four situations. These are the transfer of tax residence, business and assets, both from head office to permanent establishment, and from permanent establishment to head office or another permanent establishment. The Directive covers transfers between Member States or to third countries with which there is a mutual assistance agreement for the recovery of tax claims.

Due to the Directive, the Ministry of Finance has published a memorandum on 5 February 2019. In my review of the Swedish rules and the Ministry of Finance's investigation, my opinion is that the fictive taxation meets the requirements for exit taxation according to the Directive. There are then the rules on the reversal of deductions for untaxed reserves, where there must be an adjustment regarding the possibility of deferral of the payment. For deferral of payment in connection with the fictive taxation, the scope of application must also be extended to meet the requirements of the Directive.

The Directive contains minimum requirements for exit taxation, while EU law with its freedom of establishment is instead designed as a right without restrictions. However, in both regulations there are limitations that make these more or less coincide with each other. It means that the floor of the Directive and the roof of the freedom of establishment are similar and the Swedish regulation is then in level with both the floor and the ceiling. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Uppsatsen utreder och analyserar om svensk utflyttningsbeskattning är förenlig med Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD) respektive etablerings-friheten inom Europeiska unionen (EU).

Inom EU är etableringsfriheten en av de grundläggande friheterna. EU-rätten har utvecklats främst genom EU-domstolens rättspraxis. I avvägningen mellan ett lands beskattningsrätt och den fria rörligheten har territorialprincipen inneburit att respektive land ska beskatta den del av en värdeökning som uppkommit under tiden skattesubjektet har varit skatt-skyldig i landet. Dock har en direkt betalning ansetts vara oproportionerlig i förhållande till etableringsfriheten. Därför finns också regler om anstånd med betalning av skatten.

2016 utfärdades direktiv... (More)
Uppsatsen utreder och analyserar om svensk utflyttningsbeskattning är förenlig med Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD) respektive etablerings-friheten inom Europeiska unionen (EU).

Inom EU är etableringsfriheten en av de grundläggande friheterna. EU-rätten har utvecklats främst genom EU-domstolens rättspraxis. I avvägningen mellan ett lands beskattningsrätt och den fria rörligheten har territorialprincipen inneburit att respektive land ska beskatta den del av en värdeökning som uppkommit under tiden skattesubjektet har varit skatt-skyldig i landet. Dock har en direkt betalning ansetts vara oproportionerlig i förhållande till etableringsfriheten. Därför finns också regler om anstånd med betalning av skatten.

2016 utfärdades direktiv mot skatteflyktsmetoder, det vill säga ATAD. Medlemsstaterna ska senast den 1 januari 2020 ha justerat sin lagstiftning så att den överensstämmer med direktivet. För svensk del är utflyttnings-beskattning reglerad i reglerna om uttagsbeskattning och återföring av avdrag för avsättning till periodiseringsfond respektive ersättningsfond. Enligt ATAD ska utflyttningsbeskattning ske vid fyra situationer. Dessa är överföring av skatterättslig hemvist, näringsverksamhet och tillgångar från huvudkontor till fast driftställe samt från fast driftställe till huvudkontor eller annat fast driftställe. Direktivet omfattar överföringar som sker mellan medlemsstater eller till tredjeland med vilket det föreligger ett avtal om ömsesidigt bistånd för indrivning av skattefordringar.

Med anledning av direktivet har finansdepartementet publicerat en utredning den 5 februari 2019. Vid min genomgång av de svenska reglerna och finansdepartementets utredning anser jag att uttagsreglerna uppfyller kraven för utflyttningsbeskattningen enligt ATAD. De särskilda reglerna om återföring av fondavsättning måste dock justeras vad gäller möjlighet till anstånd med betalningen. För anstånd med betalning vid samband med uttagsbeskattning måste också tillämpningsområdet utökas för att uppfylla kraven enligt ATAD.

Direktivet innehåller minimikrav på utflyttningsbeskattning medan EU-rätten med dess etableringsfrihet istället är i grunden utformad som en rättighet utan restriktioner. I båda regelverken finns det dock begränsningar som gör att dessa mer eller mindre sammanfaller med varandra. Det medför således att direktivets golv med etableringsfrihetens tak är snarlika och den svenska regleringen kan då sägas vara i nivå med både golvet och taket. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Lundeslöf, Terese LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Are the Swedish exit taxation for companies between the flour and the ceiling? - A thesis on the compatibility of Swedish exit taxation with ATAD and the freedom of establishment within EU law
course
JURM02 20182
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
EU-rätt, skatterätt, etableringsfrihet, Anti-tax Avoidance Directive, utflyttningsbeskattning, uttagsbeskattning
language
Swedish
id
8972874
date added to LUP
2019-04-09 15:33:14
date last changed
2019-04-09 15:33:14
@misc{8972874,
  abstract     = {{The purpose of this thesis is to study and analyse if the Swedish exit taxation is compatible with both the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD) and the freedom of establishment within the European Union (EU).

Within the EU, one of the fundamental freedoms is establishment. EU law has developed mainly through EU-court case law. In this case, the territorial principle in the balance between a country's tax sovereignty and the free movement has meant that each country should tax the part of an increase in value that arose during the taxpayer's tax liability in the country. However, a direct payment has been considered disproportionate in relation to the freedom of establishment. Therefore, there are also rules on deferral of payment of the exit tax.

In 2016, a directive was also issued against tax evasion methods, i.e. the ATAD. The Member States shall have adjusted their legislation by 1 January 2020 to comply with the Directive. In the Swedish law, exit taxation is regulated as a fictive taxation (uttagsbeskattning) and the reversal of deductions for untaxed reserves (periodiserings- och ersättningsfond). According to the Directive, exit taxation is applicable in four situations. These are the transfer of tax residence, business and assets, both from head office to permanent establishment, and from permanent establishment to head office or another permanent establishment. The Directive covers transfers between Member States or to third countries with which there is a mutual assistance agreement for the recovery of tax claims.

Due to the Directive, the Ministry of Finance has published a memorandum on 5 February 2019. In my review of the Swedish rules and the Ministry of Finance's investigation, my opinion is that the fictive taxation meets the requirements for exit taxation according to the Directive. There are then the rules on the reversal of deductions for untaxed reserves, where there must be an adjustment regarding the possibility of deferral of the payment. For deferral of payment in connection with the fictive taxation, the scope of application must also be extended to meet the requirements of the Directive.

The Directive contains minimum requirements for exit taxation, while EU law with its freedom of establishment is instead designed as a right without restrictions. However, in both regulations there are limitations that make these more or less coincide with each other. It means that the floor of the Directive and the roof of the freedom of establishment are similar and the Swedish regulation is then in level with both the floor and the ceiling.}},
  author       = {{Lundeslöf, Terese}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Finns den svenska utflyttningsbeskattningen av näringsverksamhet mellan golv och tak? - En uppsats om svensk utflyttningsbeskattnings förenlighet med ATAD och EU-rättens etableringsfrihet}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}