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The American Business Judgment Rule and Swedish Law - A Comparative Analysis of the American Business Judgment Rule and Its Eventual Counterpart in Swedish Law

Rosberg, Erik LU (2019) JURM02 20191
Faculty of Law
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka huruvida svenska styrelseledamöter och verkställande direktörer kan förvänta sig att de svenska domstolarna prövar affärsbeslut på ett liknande sätt som de amerikanska domstolarna prövar affärsbeslut. Undersökningen möjliggör en komparativrättslig analys av huruvida det finns något i svensk rätt som liknar den i amerikansk rätt existerande BJR, vilket några svenska rättsvetenskapliga forskare hävdar.

De amerikanska domstolarna är förhindrade att pröva affärsbeslut såvida BJR presumtionen inte är motbevisad. De amerikanska domstolarna presumerar att styrelseledamöterna fattade affärsbeslutet på ett tillfredsställande beslutsunderlag, i god tro och utifrån bolagets bästa intresse.

Det finns... (More)
Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka huruvida svenska styrelseledamöter och verkställande direktörer kan förvänta sig att de svenska domstolarna prövar affärsbeslut på ett liknande sätt som de amerikanska domstolarna prövar affärsbeslut. Undersökningen möjliggör en komparativrättslig analys av huruvida det finns något i svensk rätt som liknar den i amerikansk rätt existerande BJR, vilket några svenska rättsvetenskapliga forskare hävdar.

De amerikanska domstolarna är förhindrade att pröva affärsbeslut såvida BJR presumtionen inte är motbevisad. De amerikanska domstolarna presumerar att styrelseledamöterna fattade affärsbeslutet på ett tillfredsställande beslutsunderlag, i god tro och utifrån bolagets bästa intresse.

Det finns motstridiga uttalanden om hur svenska domstolar prövar affärsbeslut enligt skadeståndsreglerna för styrelseledamöter och verkställande direktörer i svensk lag. Lindskog, Högsta domstolens tidigare ordförande, uttalar att Högsta domstolen har börjat använda ett metodansvar vid aktsamhetsbedömningen. Enligt metodansvaret är det övervägandena som ligger bakom ett beslut och inte beslutet som sådant som ska prövas. Några rättsvetenskapliga forskare uttalar att det faktum att verksamhetssyftet i 3 kap. 3 § ABL är vagt utformat ger styrelseledamöterna och verkställande direktören ett stort handlingsutrymme att uppfylla verksamhetssyftet och att fatta beslut inom den ordinarie affärsverksamheten. Andra rättsvetenskapliga forskare uttalar att svenska domstolar inte prövar huruvida ett affärsbeslut är oklokt och att styrelseledamöterna och den verkställande direktören vanligtvis inte blir skadeståndsansvariga för riskfyllda beslut inom den ordinarie affärsverksamheten. Ett svenskt domstolsbeslut visar dock att det inte finns några begränsningar i svensk rätt beträffande vilka affärsbeslut svenska domstolar kan pröva och att svenska domstolar oförhindrat kan göra en bedömning av affärsbeslut.

Det verkar inte finnas en likhet mellan hur amerikanska domstolar prövar affärsbeslut enligt BJR och hur svenska domstolar prövar affärsbeslut enligt skadeståndsreglerna för styrelseledamöter och verkställande direktörer i svensk lag. Det finns tendenser som indikerar att något som liknar BJR finns i svensk rätt men det är oklart vilka de tillämpliga rekvisiten är i svensk rätt. Det finns dock tydliga rekvisit i amerikansk rätt som klargör under vilka omständigheter amerikanska domstolar kan pröva affärsbeslut. Den amerikanska BJR presumtionen utgör ett starkt skydd för amerikanska styrelseledamöter mot skadeståndsansvar. Det finns i svensk rätt inte en presumtionsregel som måste motbevisas för att domstolarna ska kunna pröva ett affärsbeslut. Detta innebär att svenska styrelseledamöter och verkställande direktörer inte verkar kunna fatta riskfyllda affärsbeslut utan rädsla för att bli skadeståndsansvariga. Det är därför missvisande att uttala att det i svensk rätt finns något som liknar den amerikanska BJR. (Less)
Abstract
The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether Swedish directors and CEOs can expect the Swedish courts to review business decisions in a similar way to how the American courts review business decisions. This examination enables a comparative analysis of whether something similar to the American business judgment rule exists in Swedish law, which some Swedish legal scholars claim.

The American courts are prohibited to review business decisions as long as the business judgment rule presumption is not rebutted. The American courts simply presume that in making a business decision, the directors of a corporation acted on an informed basis, in good faith, and in the honest belief that the action was taken in the best interests of the... (More)
The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether Swedish directors and CEOs can expect the Swedish courts to review business decisions in a similar way to how the American courts review business decisions. This examination enables a comparative analysis of whether something similar to the American business judgment rule exists in Swedish law, which some Swedish legal scholars claim.

The American courts are prohibited to review business decisions as long as the business judgment rule presumption is not rebutted. The American courts simply presume that in making a business decision, the directors of a corporation acted on an informed basis, in good faith, and in the honest belief that the action was taken in the best interests of the company.

There are conflicting statements about how the Swedish courts review business decisions according to the rules about liabilities of directors and CEOs in Swedish law. Lindskog, the Former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Sweden, states that the Supreme Court of Sweden has started to use the method liability when they accomplish the negligence assessment. According to the method liability, it is the considerations behind the decision that are reviewed and not the decision itself. Some legal scholars state that the fact that the business purpose in Chapter 3, Section 3 of the Swedish Companies Act is formulated in a vague way gives the directors and CEO a broad discretion to fulfill the business purpose and to make business decisions within the ordinary course of business. Other legal scholars state that Swedish courts do not review whether a business decision is unwise and that risky business decisions usually do not make the directors and CEO liable, at least as long as the business decisions are within the ordinary course of business. However, a Swedish court case demonstrates that there are no restrictions regarding what kind of business decisions the Swedish courts can review and that they are unhindered to make an assessment of business decisions.

There does not seem to be a similarity between how American courts review business decisions according to the American business judgment rule and how Swedish courts review business decisions according to the rules about liabilities of directors and CEOs in Swedish law. There are tendencies that indicate that something similar to the American business judgment rule exists in Swedish law but it is unclear what the applicable prerequisites are in Swedish law. However, there are clear prerequisites in American law that clarify under what circumstances the American courts are allowed to review business decisions. The American business judgment rule presumption is a powerful shield against liability for the American directors. There is no such presumption in Swedish law that needs to be rebutted in order for the courts to review business decisions. This means that Swedish directors and CEOs do not seem to be able to make risky business decisions without fear of becoming liable. Therefore, it is misleading to state that there is something similar to the American business judgment rule in Swedish law. (Less)
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@misc{8977425,
  abstract     = {{The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether Swedish directors and CEOs can expect the Swedish courts to review business decisions in a similar way to how the American courts review business decisions. This examination enables a comparative analysis of whether something similar to the American business judgment rule exists in Swedish law, which some Swedish legal scholars claim.

The American courts are prohibited to review business decisions as long as the business judgment rule presumption is not rebutted. The American courts simply presume that in making a business decision, the directors of a corporation acted on an informed basis, in good faith, and in the honest belief that the action was taken in the best interests of the company.

There are conflicting statements about how the Swedish courts review business decisions according to the rules about liabilities of directors and CEOs in Swedish law. Lindskog, the Former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Sweden, states that the Supreme Court of Sweden has started to use the method liability when they accomplish the negligence assessment. According to the method liability, it is the considerations behind the decision that are reviewed and not the decision itself. Some legal scholars state that the fact that the business purpose in Chapter 3, Section 3 of the Swedish Companies Act is formulated in a vague way gives the directors and CEO a broad discretion to fulfill the business purpose and to make business decisions within the ordinary course of business. Other legal scholars state that Swedish courts do not review whether a business decision is unwise and that risky business decisions usually do not make the directors and CEO liable, at least as long as the business decisions are within the ordinary course of business. However, a Swedish court case demonstrates that there are no restrictions regarding what kind of business decisions the Swedish courts can review and that they are unhindered to make an assessment of business decisions.

There does not seem to be a similarity between how American courts review business decisions according to the American business judgment rule and how Swedish courts review business decisions according to the rules about liabilities of directors and CEOs in Swedish law. There are tendencies that indicate that something similar to the American business judgment rule exists in Swedish law but it is unclear what the applicable prerequisites are in Swedish law. However, there are clear prerequisites in American law that clarify under what circumstances the American courts are allowed to review business decisions. The American business judgment rule presumption is a powerful shield against liability for the American directors. There is no such presumption in Swedish law that needs to be rebutted in order for the courts to review business decisions. This means that Swedish directors and CEOs do not seem to be able to make risky business decisions without fear of becoming liable. Therefore, it is misleading to state that there is something similar to the American business judgment rule in Swedish law.}},
  author       = {{Rosberg, Erik}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{The American Business Judgment Rule and Swedish Law - A Comparative Analysis of the American Business Judgment Rule and Its Eventual Counterpart in Swedish Law}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}