Införandet av ett barnfridsbrott - hur kan lagförslaget motiveras utifrån kriminaliseringskriterier?
(2021) LAGF03 20211Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Den 12 juni 2019 överlämnade en av regeringen utsedd särskild utredare sitt betänkande SOU 2019:32 och den 6 april 2021 la regeringen fram proposition 2020/21:170 med förslag om införandet av ett särskilt barnfridsbrott. Den föreslagna straffbestämmelsen omfattar gärningen att utsätta ett barn för att bevittna vissa utpekade brott i 3, 4, 6 och 12 kap. BrB när de begås mot en närstående.
Denna uppsats syftar till att utifrån en rättsanalytisk metod analysera det av regeringen föreslagna barnfridsbrottet och undersöka hur detta kan motiveras utifrån kriminaliseringskriterier. För att uppnå syftet besvaras följande frågeställningar: Vad har barn som bevittnar brott mellan närstående för rättsligt skydd enligt gällande rätt? Hur kan... (More) - Den 12 juni 2019 överlämnade en av regeringen utsedd särskild utredare sitt betänkande SOU 2019:32 och den 6 april 2021 la regeringen fram proposition 2020/21:170 med förslag om införandet av ett särskilt barnfridsbrott. Den föreslagna straffbestämmelsen omfattar gärningen att utsätta ett barn för att bevittna vissa utpekade brott i 3, 4, 6 och 12 kap. BrB när de begås mot en närstående.
Denna uppsats syftar till att utifrån en rättsanalytisk metod analysera det av regeringen föreslagna barnfridsbrottet och undersöka hur detta kan motiveras utifrån kriminaliseringskriterier. För att uppnå syftet besvaras följande frågeställningar: Vad har barn som bevittnar brott mellan närstående för rättsligt skydd enligt gällande rätt? Hur kan lagförslaget om införandet av ett barnfridsbrott motiveras enligt kriminaliseringskriterier?
Det finns idag inte någon befintlig straffbestämmelse som tar sikte på barn som bevittnar brott mellan närstående. Det finns två brottsrubriceringar i BrB som eventuellt skulle kunna bli aktuella vid ett sådant beteende, misshandel och ofredande. Möjligheten att lagföra någon genom dessa straffbud är dock begränsade och barn som bevittnar brott mellan närstående har i dagsläget ett svagt straffrättsligt skydd.
De kriminaliseringskriterier som lagförslaget analyseras utifrån är de som kan ses som en minsta gemensam nämnare i de mest centrala verken på området. Dessa är intresse, skada och effektivitet. Intresset som skyddas genom lagen är barns hälsa samt frihet och frid. Vad gäller skadekriteriet kan man motivera kriminaliseringen med även detta kriterium, men med viss skillnad beroende på vilken definition av skadebegreppet som används. Det går även att motivera kriminaliseringen utifrån det tredje kriteriet, effektivitet, men här lyfts fram vissa problem med betydelsen av rekvisitet ”bevittna” då detta även omfattar barn som hör, men inte ser den brottsliga gärningen.
I analysen lyfts bland annat de begränsningar som tillkommit med valet av teori, då den inte ger utrymme för vissa andra viktiga aspekter såsom brottsofferperspektivet. Mot bakgrund av att min analys pekar på att det går att motivera lagförslaget utifrån såväl intresse, skada och effektivitet menar jag avslutningsvis att brottet barnfridsbrott bör införas. (Less) - Abstract
- On 12 June 2019, a special inquiry officer appointed by the Swedish government submitted the report SOU 2019:32, and on 6 April 2021, the government presented the Government Bill 2020/21:170 with a proposal for the introduction of a special penal provision on violation of a child’s integrity. The proposed penalty provision covers the act of exposing a child to witness certain designated offences in Chapters 3, 4, 6, and 12 of the Penal Code when committed to a close relative.
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the proposed penalty provision and how this can be justified based on criminalization criteria. To fulfill the purpose, the following questions are being answered: What legal protection do children who are exposed to... (More) - On 12 June 2019, a special inquiry officer appointed by the Swedish government submitted the report SOU 2019:32, and on 6 April 2021, the government presented the Government Bill 2020/21:170 with a proposal for the introduction of a special penal provision on violation of a child’s integrity. The proposed penalty provision covers the act of exposing a child to witness certain designated offences in Chapters 3, 4, 6, and 12 of the Penal Code when committed to a close relative.
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the proposed penalty provision and how this can be justified based on criminalization criteria. To fulfill the purpose, the following questions are being answered: What legal protection do children who are exposed to witnessing violence between close relatives have under current law? How can the proposed penal provision on violation of a child’s integrity be justified according to criminalization criteria?
Today, there are no existing penal provision aimed at children who witness crimes between relatives. There are two crimes in the Penal Code that possibly are relevant regarding children witnessing crimes between relatives. These are assault and molestation. However, the possibility of prosecuting someone through these penalties is quite narrow. Moreover, the children who witness violence between relatives currently have weak protection from criminal law.
Furthermore, the criminalization criteria that the proposed penal provision is analyzed through are those that can be seen as the lowest common denominator, in the most central work on criminalization theory. The criteria are interest, harm, and efficiency. The interest that the proposed law is supposed to protect is the health, freedom, and integrity of children. It is possible to justify the criminalization through the harm criterion, but there is, however, some difference depending on which definition of harm is used for the case. It is also possible to justify the criminalization based on the third criterion, efficiency, but certain problems are highlighted with the definition of the prerequisite “witnessed” as this also includes children who hear, but do not see the criminal act.
In the analysis, the limitation that comes with the choice of theory is highlighted. For instance, it leaves no room for the victim’s perspective. Lastly, since it is possible to justify the proposed penalty provision based on the criminalization criteria interest, harm and efficiency, my conclusion is that it should indeed be introduced. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9045979
- author
- Voigt Dahl, Nina LU
- supervisor
-
- Tova Bennet LU
- organization
- course
- LAGF03 20211
- year
- 2021
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- Straffrätt, barnfridsbrott, kriminalisering, barn, straff
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9045979
- date added to LUP
- 2021-06-29 16:33:36
- date last changed
- 2021-06-29 16:33:36
@misc{9045979,
abstract = {{On 12 June 2019, a special inquiry officer appointed by the Swedish government submitted the report SOU 2019:32, and on 6 April 2021, the government presented the Government Bill 2020/21:170 with a proposal for the introduction of a special penal provision on violation of a child’s integrity. The proposed penalty provision covers the act of exposing a child to witness certain designated offences in Chapters 3, 4, 6, and 12 of the Penal Code when committed to a close relative.
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the proposed penalty provision and how this can be justified based on criminalization criteria. To fulfill the purpose, the following questions are being answered: What legal protection do children who are exposed to witnessing violence between close relatives have under current law? How can the proposed penal provision on violation of a child’s integrity be justified according to criminalization criteria?
Today, there are no existing penal provision aimed at children who witness crimes between relatives. There are two crimes in the Penal Code that possibly are relevant regarding children witnessing crimes between relatives. These are assault and molestation. However, the possibility of prosecuting someone through these penalties is quite narrow. Moreover, the children who witness violence between relatives currently have weak protection from criminal law.
Furthermore, the criminalization criteria that the proposed penal provision is analyzed through are those that can be seen as the lowest common denominator, in the most central work on criminalization theory. The criteria are interest, harm, and efficiency. The interest that the proposed law is supposed to protect is the health, freedom, and integrity of children. It is possible to justify the criminalization through the harm criterion, but there is, however, some difference depending on which definition of harm is used for the case. It is also possible to justify the criminalization based on the third criterion, efficiency, but certain problems are highlighted with the definition of the prerequisite “witnessed” as this also includes children who hear, but do not see the criminal act.
In the analysis, the limitation that comes with the choice of theory is highlighted. For instance, it leaves no room for the victim’s perspective. Lastly, since it is possible to justify the proposed penalty provision based on the criminalization criteria interest, harm and efficiency, my conclusion is that it should indeed be introduced.}},
author = {{Voigt Dahl, Nina}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Införandet av ett barnfridsbrott - hur kan lagförslaget motiveras utifrån kriminaliseringskriterier?}},
year = {{2021}},
}