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Om de extraordinära rättsmedlens tillämplighet när utländsk rätt har tillämpats på ett felaktigt sätt eller inte alls

Thimansson, Linnéa LU (2021) JURM02 20211
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Om en tvist har internationell anknytning och svensk domstol är behörig, kan svensk domstol behöva tillämpa ett annat lands lag. För en svensk domare anses det vara betydligt svårare att tillämpa utländsk rätt än svensk rätt. Det har hävdats att rättvisan äventyras när utländsk lag ersätter domstolslandets lag. Tolkningsfel påstås vara regel och i praktiken avgörs många tvister enligt domstolslandets lag, fastän tillämplig lagvalsregel hänvisar till utländsk lag. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om det med hjälp av resning eller genom klagan över domvilla går att angripa en lagakraftvunnen dom där svensk domstol har tillämpat utländsk rätt felaktigt eller underlåtit att tillämpa utländsk rätt i strid med en lagvalsregel. Uppsatsen... (More)
Om en tvist har internationell anknytning och svensk domstol är behörig, kan svensk domstol behöva tillämpa ett annat lands lag. För en svensk domare anses det vara betydligt svårare att tillämpa utländsk rätt än svensk rätt. Det har hävdats att rättvisan äventyras när utländsk lag ersätter domstolslandets lag. Tolkningsfel påstås vara regel och i praktiken avgörs många tvister enligt domstolslandets lag, fastän tillämplig lagvalsregel hänvisar till utländsk lag. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om det med hjälp av resning eller genom klagan över domvilla går att angripa en lagakraftvunnen dom där svensk domstol har tillämpat utländsk rätt felaktigt eller underlåtit att tillämpa utländsk rätt i strid med en lagvalsregel. Uppsatsen utreder särskilt under vilka förutsättningar det kan utgöra en uppenbart felaktig rättstillämpning enligt 58 kap. 1 § 1 st. p. 4 RB eller ett grovt rättegångsfel enligt 59 kap. 1 § 1 st. p. 4 RB.

Mot bakgrund av att det ställs låga krav på domstolen när utländsk rätt aktualiseras konstateras att en felaktig tillämpning av utländsk rätt sällan borde kunna utgöra grund för resning enligt 58 kap. 1 § 1 st. p. 4 RB. Eftersom det anses godtagbart att grunda en dom på en relativt bristfällig utredning av innehållet i utländsk rätt, borde det inte sedan kunna bedömas som en rättstillämpning uppenbart i strid med lag. Högsta domstolen har emellertid uttryckt att utländsk rätt bör tillämpas ursprungstroget så långt det går. Var den gränsen går är dock inte klarlagd. I uppsatsen konstateras att det föreligger ett behov av ledning för rättstillämpningen och att det som behöver klargöras är när en utredning ska bedömas som otillräcklig. När domstolen har underlåtit att tillämpa utländsk rätt i strid med en lagvalsregel, är det emellertid en svensk regel som förbises. Förbiseende av en svensk bestämmelse är något som regelmässigt bör räknas som en rättstillämpning uppenbart i strid med lag. Det betyder att ett sådant förfarande bör utgöra grund för resning enligt 58 kap. 1 § 1 st. p. 4 RB.

För att det ska gå att undanröja en lagakraftvunnen dom på grund av domvilla krävs det att det är en processuell regel som har åsidosatts och därför kan en felaktig tillämpning av utländsk rätt inte utgöra en domvillogrund. En lagvalsregel är däremot en processuell regel och för att ett åsidosättande av en lagvalsregel ska bedömas som ett grovt rättegångsfel enligt 59 kap. 1 § 1 st. p. 4 RB krävs det att lagvalsregeln bedöms vara en särskilt viktig processuell regel som upprätthåller rättskipningens ändamål. I uppsatsen konstateras det att en lagvalsregel bör räknas som en sådan viktig processuell regel. Det föreligger dock en viss osäkerhet om de låga krav som i praktiken ställs på domstolen när utländsk rätt aktualiseras kan påverka denna bedömning. (Less)
Abstract
If a dispute has a foreign connection and a Swedish court has jurisdiction, the Swedish court may need to apply foreign law. For a Swedish judge, it is significantly more difficult to apply foreign law than to apply Swedish law. It has been claimed that justice is jeopardized when foreign law enters the court room replacing the law of the forum. Errors in interpretation are claimed to be the rule and in practice many disputes are decided in accordance with the law of the forum, although the applicable choice-of-law rule refers to foreign law. The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether it, by means of a petition for a new trial or a complaint over a grave procedural error, is possible to challenge a judgement after its final entry... (More)
If a dispute has a foreign connection and a Swedish court has jurisdiction, the Swedish court may need to apply foreign law. For a Swedish judge, it is significantly more difficult to apply foreign law than to apply Swedish law. It has been claimed that justice is jeopardized when foreign law enters the court room replacing the law of the forum. Errors in interpretation are claimed to be the rule and in practice many disputes are decided in accordance with the law of the forum, although the applicable choice-of-law rule refers to foreign law. The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether it, by means of a petition for a new trial or a complaint over a grave procedural error, is possible to challenge a judgement after its final entry into force, when a Swedish court has applied foreign law incorrectly or omitted the application of foreign law in violation of the applicable choice-of-law rule. The thesis investigates whether it can be considered as a manifestly incorrect application of the law in accordance with Chapter 58, Section 1, subsection 4 of the Code of Judicial Procedure or a grave procedural error in accordance with Chapter 59, Section 1, subsection 4 of the Code of Judicial Procedure.

In the light of the fact that low requirements are placed on the court when foreign law is to be applied, it is stated that an incorrect application of foreign law rarely can constitute a basis for a review in accordance with Chapter 58, Section 1, subsection 4 of the Code of Judicial Procedure. Since it is considered acceptable to base a judgement on a relatively deficient investigation of the content of foreign law, it should not be possible to consider the judgement as a manifestly incorrect application of the law. The Supreme Court has stated that foreign law, as far as possible, should be applied in conformity with how the law is applied in its country of origin. The legally required level of such conformity is however unclear. The thesis finds that there is a need for guidance with regard to the application of the law and that the circumstances for when an investigation should be assessed as insufficient must be clarified. When the court has omitted the application of foreign law in violation of the applicable choice-of-law rule, it is instead a Swedish rule that has been overlooked. Omission of a Swedish legal provision is something that generally should be viewed upon as a manifestly incorrect application of the law. Therefore, it is stated that such cases should constitute a basis for review in accordance with Chapter 58, Section 1, subsection 4 of the Code of Judicial Procedure.

In order to set aside a judgement that has become final due to a grave procedural error, it is required that a procedural rule has been violated. Therefore, an incorrect application of foreign law cannot constitute a basis for a complaint over a grave procedural error. A choice-of-law rule, on the other hand, is a procedural rule. To assess an omission of a choice-of-law rule as a grave procedural error according to Chapter 59, Section 1, subsection 4 in the Code of Judicial Procedure, it is required that the choice-of-law rule is deemed as a particularly important procedural rule that upholds the purpose of the judicial system. The thesis states that a choice-of-law rule should be regarded as such an important procedural rule. However, there is some uncertainty as to whether the low requirements that in practice are imposed on the court when foreign law becomes relevant may affect such assessment. (Less)
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author
Thimansson, Linnéa LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
On the applicability of extraordinary remedies when foreign law has been applied incorrectly or not at all
course
JURM02 20211
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Internationell privaträtt, Resning, Klagan över domvilla
language
Swedish
id
9046298
date added to LUP
2021-06-12 19:06:43
date last changed
2021-06-12 19:06:43
@misc{9046298,
  abstract     = {{If a dispute has a foreign connection and a Swedish court has jurisdiction, the Swedish court may need to apply foreign law. For a Swedish judge, it is significantly more difficult to apply foreign law than to apply Swedish law. It has been claimed that justice is jeopardized when foreign law enters the court room replacing the law of the forum. Errors in interpretation are claimed to be the rule and in practice many disputes are decided in accordance with the law of the forum, although the applicable choice-of-law rule refers to foreign law. The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether it, by means of a petition for a new trial or a complaint over a grave procedural error, is possible to challenge a judgement after its final entry into force, when a Swedish court has applied foreign law incorrectly or omitted the application of foreign law in violation of the applicable choice-of-law rule. The thesis investigates whether it can be considered as a manifestly incorrect application of the law in accordance with Chapter 58, Section 1, subsection 4 of the Code of Judicial Procedure or a grave procedural error in accordance with Chapter 59, Section 1, subsection 4 of the Code of Judicial Procedure. 

In the light of the fact that low requirements are placed on the court when foreign law is to be applied, it is stated that an incorrect application of foreign law rarely can constitute a basis for a review in accordance with Chapter 58, Section 1, subsection 4 of the Code of Judicial Procedure. Since it is considered acceptable to base a judgement on a relatively deficient investigation of the content of foreign law, it should not be possible to consider the judgement as a manifestly incorrect application of the law. The Supreme Court has stated that foreign law, as far as possible, should be applied in conformity with how the law is applied in its country of origin. The legally required level of such conformity is however unclear. The thesis finds that there is a need for guidance with regard to the application of the law and that the circumstances for when an investigation should be assessed as insufficient must be clarified. When the court has omitted the application of foreign law in violation of the applicable choice-of-law rule, it is instead a Swedish rule that has been overlooked. Omission of a Swedish legal provision is something that generally should be viewed upon as a manifestly incorrect application of the law. Therefore, it is stated that such cases should constitute a basis for review in accordance with Chapter 58, Section 1, subsection 4 of the Code of Judicial Procedure.

In order to set aside a judgement that has become final due to a grave procedural error, it is required that a procedural rule has been violated. Therefore, an incorrect application of foreign law cannot constitute a basis for a complaint over a grave procedural error. A choice-of-law rule, on the other hand, is a procedural rule. To assess an omission of a choice-of-law rule as a grave procedural error according to Chapter 59, Section 1, subsection 4 in the Code of Judicial Procedure, it is required that the choice-of-law rule is deemed as a particularly important procedural rule that upholds the purpose of the judicial system. The thesis states that a choice-of-law rule should be regarded as such an important procedural rule. However, there is some uncertainty as to whether the low requirements that in practice are imposed on the court when foreign law becomes relevant may affect such assessment.}},
  author       = {{Thimansson, Linnéa}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Om de extraordinära rättsmedlens tillämplighet när utländsk rätt har tillämpats på ett felaktigt sätt eller inte alls}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}