Reduction of emissions at Scania Engine Assembly
(2022) MVKM01 20221Department of Energy Sciences
- Abstract
- This master thesis is carried out in collaboration with the company Scania which is a provider of transport solutions. The thesis is carried out at Scania’s production unit Engine Assembly where engines are assembled, tested and painted. All engines proceed through a standard test procedure while some of the engines also proceed through special test procedures carried out in the ”Audit Area”. The special test procedures are the focus of this report. The special test procedures are called Conformity of Production-tests (COP) and Quality Assurance-tests (QA). COP-tests are needed to show that the products are in conformance with relevant administrative provisions and technical requirements that are regulated by law. QA-tests are needed in... (More)
- This master thesis is carried out in collaboration with the company Scania which is a provider of transport solutions. The thesis is carried out at Scania’s production unit Engine Assembly where engines are assembled, tested and painted. All engines proceed through a standard test procedure while some of the engines also proceed through special test procedures carried out in the ”Audit Area”. The special test procedures are the focus of this report. The special test procedures are called Conformity of Production-tests (COP) and Quality Assurance-tests (QA). COP-tests are needed to show that the products are in conformance with relevant administrative provisions and technical requirements that are regulated by law. QA-tests are needed in order for Scania to know that their products have the right quality and characteristics. These tests are currently carried out with mainly fossil diesel. The possibility to use alternative fuel during the tests and thus reduce the emissions from the Audit Area is analyzed in the report.
The thesis project is divided into four parts. The first part includes investigation regarding what alternative fuel that is technically possible to use. This is done by gaining information regarding engines and fuels and by performing three experiments on one engine type. The second part includes deriving the yearly emission reductions of tailpipe CO2 and life cycle CO2e related to changing the fuel-use. This is done by estimating the fuel consumption of the relevant tests over one year as well as finding the emission factors for the fuels that are currently used as well as for the alternative fuel. The third part includes evaluating the availability of the alternative fuel by performing a literature study. The last part includes finding the physical modifications needed to change the fuel-use, this is done by observations and communication with relevant Scania employee.
It is concluded that the fuel that is technically possible to use in as many engine as possible is the renewable diesel Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil, HVO. However, the COP- and QA-tests consist of different parts and not all of the parts are legally or technically possible to run with HVO. The experiments give varying results and show that it is important to further evaluate the technical possibility of running parts of the tests with HVO.
The results show that the yearly fossil tailpipe CO2 -emission reductions could be almost 75 % when changing the fuel-use. The LCA CO2e-emissions could be reduced by 47-64 % when changing the fuel-use. However, these emission reductions are based on a best-case scenario which might be somewhat optimistic considering the number of parts of the test that can be run with HVO. For that scenario to be possible it might require changes to test-layouts, further experimenting and further studies. Regarding the availability of HVO the literature study shows that the future availability of HVO is somewhat unclear and needs to be further looked into if this change in fuel-use is implemented. Lastly, the modi cations needed for changing the fuel-use are mainly related to fuel storage and fuel supply-system. (Less) - Popular Abstract (Swedish)
- En hel del företag arbetar idag med att försöka minska sina utsläpp och därmed även sin klimatpåverkan såväl från egen verksamhet som nedströms och uppströms om egen verksamhet. Ett av de företag som jobbar med att minska utsläppen är företaget Scania som producerar och tillhandahåller transportlösningar såväl i Sverige som globalt. Utsläppen från Scanias egen verksamhet låg 2021 på 105 800 ton CO2e. Arbetet med att minska utsläppen från Scanias egen verksamhet är fokuset för detta examensarbete vid Lunds Tekniska Högskola, Lunds Universitet för en civilingenjörsexamen i Ekosystemteknik med specialisering i Energisystem.
Examensarbetet har utförts på Scanias motormontering där motorer monteras, testas och målas. Samtliga motorer... (More) - En hel del företag arbetar idag med att försöka minska sina utsläpp och därmed även sin klimatpåverkan såväl från egen verksamhet som nedströms och uppströms om egen verksamhet. Ett av de företag som jobbar med att minska utsläppen är företaget Scania som producerar och tillhandahåller transportlösningar såväl i Sverige som globalt. Utsläppen från Scanias egen verksamhet låg 2021 på 105 800 ton CO2e. Arbetet med att minska utsläppen från Scanias egen verksamhet är fokuset för detta examensarbete vid Lunds Tekniska Högskola, Lunds Universitet för en civilingenjörsexamen i Ekosystemteknik med specialisering i Energisystem.
Examensarbetet har utförts på Scanias motormontering där motorer monteras, testas och målas. Samtliga motorer genomgår ett standardtest medan ett urval av motorer även genomgår ett specialtest. Specialtesten utförs med syfte att säkerställa att motorerna som produceras överensstämmer med lagstadgade tekniska krav samt med Scania-interna kvalitetskrav. Testen utförs för närvarande med främst fossila bränslen. Möjligheten att använda alternativa bränslen i syfte att minska de direkta CO2-avgasutsläppen samt CO2e-livscykelutsläppen undersöks i detta arbete. Arbetet är utformat med syfte att tillhandahålla ett helhetsperspektiv över vad en förändring i bränsleanvändning innebär med avseende på bränslets påverkan på teknisk prestanda och utsläppsreducering samt tillgången på bränslet och vilka fysiska modifieringar som kan behövas. Arbetet utförs genom experiment, intervjuer med relevanta Scania-anställda, observationer, beräkningar och litteraturstudier.
Det alternativa bränslet som visar sig vara bäst lämpat att använda är det förnyelsebara dieselbränslet Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO). Det visar sig dock att HVO inte kan användas i samtliga delar av testen till följd av teknisk prestanda och lagkrav. Vidare visar utsläppsberäkningarna att de, för testerna, årliga fossila avgasutsläppen av CO2 kan minska med upp till 75 % och att de årliga livscykelutsläppen av CO2e kan minska med 47-64 % när delar av bränsleanvändningen utgörs av HVO jämfört med nuvarande bränsleanvändning. Emellertid är dessa utsläppsminskningar baserade på ett optimistiskt scenario gällande hur många delar av testen som faktiskt kan köras med HVO. För att scenariot ska vara möjligt krävs insatser i form av förändringar i testplaner samt fortsatta experiment. Förändringarna i testplaner kan medföra vissa risker såsom minskad kvalitet på testerna. Huruvida fördelarna i form av utsläppsminskningar överskrider nackdelarna i form av extra arbete och risker behöver fortsatt analyseras.
Litteraturstudien visar att den framtida tillgången på HVO är osäker och prisutvecklingen oklar. Detta behöver tas i beaktan om förändringen i bränsleanvändning implementeras, ehuru det inte bör vara en avgörande faktor för att implementera förändringen. Avslutningsvis konstateras att de fysiska modifieringar som krävs främst är centrerade kring bränslelagring och bränsleförsörjningssystemet. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9089641
- author
- Rudberg, Beatrice LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- MVKM01 20221
- year
- 2022
- type
- H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
- subject
- report number
- LUTMDN/TMHP-22/5499-SE
- ISSN
- 0282-1990
- language
- English
- id
- 9089641
- date added to LUP
- 2022-06-16 12:46:49
- date last changed
- 2022-06-16 12:46:49
@misc{9089641,
abstract = {{This master thesis is carried out in collaboration with the company Scania which is a provider of transport solutions. The thesis is carried out at Scania’s production unit Engine Assembly where engines are assembled, tested and painted. All engines proceed through a standard test procedure while some of the engines also proceed through special test procedures carried out in the ”Audit Area”. The special test procedures are the focus of this report. The special test procedures are called Conformity of Production-tests (COP) and Quality Assurance-tests (QA). COP-tests are needed to show that the products are in conformance with relevant administrative provisions and technical requirements that are regulated by law. QA-tests are needed in order for Scania to know that their products have the right quality and characteristics. These tests are currently carried out with mainly fossil diesel. The possibility to use alternative fuel during the tests and thus reduce the emissions from the Audit Area is analyzed in the report.
The thesis project is divided into four parts. The first part includes investigation regarding what alternative fuel that is technically possible to use. This is done by gaining information regarding engines and fuels and by performing three experiments on one engine type. The second part includes deriving the yearly emission reductions of tailpipe CO2 and life cycle CO2e related to changing the fuel-use. This is done by estimating the fuel consumption of the relevant tests over one year as well as finding the emission factors for the fuels that are currently used as well as for the alternative fuel. The third part includes evaluating the availability of the alternative fuel by performing a literature study. The last part includes finding the physical modifications needed to change the fuel-use, this is done by observations and communication with relevant Scania employee.
It is concluded that the fuel that is technically possible to use in as many engine as possible is the renewable diesel Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil, HVO. However, the COP- and QA-tests consist of different parts and not all of the parts are legally or technically possible to run with HVO. The experiments give varying results and show that it is important to further evaluate the technical possibility of running parts of the tests with HVO.
The results show that the yearly fossil tailpipe CO2 -emission reductions could be almost 75 % when changing the fuel-use. The LCA CO2e-emissions could be reduced by 47-64 % when changing the fuel-use. However, these emission reductions are based on a best-case scenario which might be somewhat optimistic considering the number of parts of the test that can be run with HVO. For that scenario to be possible it might require changes to test-layouts, further experimenting and further studies. Regarding the availability of HVO the literature study shows that the future availability of HVO is somewhat unclear and needs to be further looked into if this change in fuel-use is implemented. Lastly, the modi cations needed for changing the fuel-use are mainly related to fuel storage and fuel supply-system.}},
author = {{Rudberg, Beatrice}},
issn = {{0282-1990}},
language = {{eng}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Reduction of emissions at Scania Engine Assembly}},
year = {{2022}},
}