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Bildbaserade sexuella övergrepp - En analys av det svenska straffrättsliga skyddet avseende olovlig spridning av någon annans privata, sexuella bilder

Rosqvist Raicevic, Isabel LU (2022) JURM02 20222
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
The digital development that is constantly taking place in society places demands on the legislator to keep up with the continuous progression. As a consequence of the frequent use of the Internet, crimes that violate sexual privacy online have increased. Researchers Clare McGlynn and Erika Rackley have examined the form of violations that specifically target women, Image-Based Sexual Abuse. The abuse includes the production and/or distribution of private, sexual images without the consent of the depicted. This essay focuses on the illegal distribution of such private, sexual images.

The purpose of this essay is to present and analyze Swedish legislation and law enforcement procedures regarding Image-Based Sexual Abuse, specifically... (More)
The digital development that is constantly taking place in society places demands on the legislator to keep up with the continuous progression. As a consequence of the frequent use of the Internet, crimes that violate sexual privacy online have increased. Researchers Clare McGlynn and Erika Rackley have examined the form of violations that specifically target women, Image-Based Sexual Abuse. The abuse includes the production and/or distribution of private, sexual images without the consent of the depicted. This essay focuses on the illegal distribution of such private, sexual images.

The purpose of this essay is to present and analyze Swedish legislation and law enforcement procedures regarding Image-Based Sexual Abuse, specifically concerning the distribution. Furthermore, this study discusses how Image-Based Sexual Abuse is perceived as a violation of privacy as opposed to a sexual crime, and which consequences the victim may face as a result of this. The analysis is predominantly based on the feminist research by Clare McGlynn.

This essay begins by defining Image-Based Sexual Abuse, and how this type of abuse represents inequality as an example of the violence that men commit against women. Victims of Image-Based Sexual Abuse often suffer from serious and harmful consequences of the abuse.

In current Swedish law, there is no specific legal provision for Image-Based Sexual Abuse. Instead different provisions in the Swedish Criminal Code (BrB) are applied to these forms of abuse. The protection that Swedish legislation provides against the illegal distribution of private, sexual images consists primarily of Defamation and Gross Defamation in Chapter 5, Section 1–2 BrB, and Illegal Invasion of Privacy in Chapter 4, Section 6 c–d BrB. Iceland is presented as an example of a Nordic country that has introduced specific legislation against this type of abuse, according to the background of the feminist research.

The application of law within this field is explained through a legal case analysis. Eleven legal cases from 2020 to 2022 concerning Image-Based Sexual Abuse are presented. The analysis reveals that the shortcomings that the feminist research suggests exist in the legislation, also exist in the legal application of these crimes.

Finally, it is stated that the legislative protection that exists today is highly deficient, partly due to the fact that the crimes are classified as privacy crimes and not sexual crimes. This can result in victims of crime not feeling understood or protected by the legal system, and that their experiences and the extent of their injuries are disregarded. Women’s experiences of Image-Based Sexual Abuse should be regarded with a higher significance in legislation, and work against Image-Based Sexual Abuse should be prioritised to a greater extent. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Den digitala utvecklingen som ständigt sker i samhället ställer krav på lagstiftaren att följa med i utvecklingen. Som en följd av den frekventa användningen av internet har också brott som kränker den sexuella integriteten på nätet ökat. Forskarna Clare McGlynn och Erika Rackley har funnit en form av kränkningar som särskilt riktar sig mot kvinnor, så kallade bildbaserade sexuella övergrepp. Övergreppen innefattar framställande och/eller distribution av privata, sexuella bilder utan den avbildades samtycke. Uppsatsen fokuserar på den olovliga spridningen av de privata, sexuella bilderna.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att presentera och analysera såväl svensk lagstiftning som rättstillämpning avseende bildbaserade sexuella övergrepp. Fokus... (More)
Den digitala utvecklingen som ständigt sker i samhället ställer krav på lagstiftaren att följa med i utvecklingen. Som en följd av den frekventa användningen av internet har också brott som kränker den sexuella integriteten på nätet ökat. Forskarna Clare McGlynn och Erika Rackley har funnit en form av kränkningar som särskilt riktar sig mot kvinnor, så kallade bildbaserade sexuella övergrepp. Övergreppen innefattar framställande och/eller distribution av privata, sexuella bilder utan den avbildades samtycke. Uppsatsen fokuserar på den olovliga spridningen av de privata, sexuella bilderna.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att presentera och analysera såväl svensk lagstiftning som rättstillämpning avseende bildbaserade sexuella övergrepp. Fokus ligger på spridningen av de privata, sexuella bilderna och filmerna. Vidare diskuteras vilka konsekvenser det kan få för brottsoffret att bildbaserade sexuella övergrepp ses som ett integritetsbrott istället för ett sexualbrott. Analysen görs utifrån den feministiska forskningen, av framför allt Clare McGlynn, på området.

Uppsatsen börjar med att presentera vad bildbaserade sexuella övergrepp är. En utgångspunkt i uppsatsen är att nämnda övergrepp är ett jämställdhetsproblem och en del av det våld som män utövar mot kvinnor. Många gånger kan brottsoffer få allvarliga och skadliga konsekvenser av övergreppen.

Det finns idag, i svensk rätt, ingen specifik lagbestämmelse för bildbaserade sexuella övergrepp, istället tillämpas olika bestämmelser i brottsbalkens kapitel på dessa övergrepp. Det skydd som finns i svensk lagstiftning mot den olovliga spridningen av privata, sexuella bilder utgörs framför allt av förtal samt grovt förtal i 5 kap. 1–2 §§ BrB och olaga integritetsintrång i 4 kap. 6 c–d §§ BrB. Island presenteras som ett exempel på ett nordiskt land som har infört en specifik lagstiftning mot denna typ av övergrepp, mot bakgrund av den feministiska forskningen.

Det redogörs för rättstillämpningen på området genom en rättsfallsanalys. Elva olika rättsfall presenteras som rör bildbaserade sexuella övergrepp mellan år 2020–2022. Analysen visar att de brister som den feministiska forskningen menar finns i lagstiftningen också förekommer vid rättstillämpningen av dessa brott.

Slutligen konstateras att det lagstiftningsskydd som idag finns är högst bristfälligt. En av orsakerna till detta är att brotten är klassificerade som integritetsbrott och inte sexualbrott. Konsekvenserna av det kan bli att brottsoffer inte känner att rättssystemet förstår och beaktar deras upplevelser samt omfattningen av deras skador. Kvinnornas erfarenheter av övergreppen bör tillmätas större betydelse vid framtagningen av lagstiftning och arbetet mot bildbaserade sexuella övergrepp. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Rosqvist Raicevic, Isabel LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Image-Based Sexual Abuse - An analysis of the protection provided by the Swedish criminal justice system regarding the illegal distribution of someone's private, sexual images
course
JURM02 20222
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, Bildbaserade sexuella övergrepp
language
Swedish
id
9104641
date added to LUP
2023-01-24 09:13:47
date last changed
2023-01-24 09:13:47
@misc{9104641,
  abstract     = {{The digital development that is constantly taking place in society places demands on the legislator to keep up with the continuous progression. As a consequence of the frequent use of the Internet, crimes that violate sexual privacy online have increased. Researchers Clare McGlynn and Erika Rackley have examined the form of violations that specifically target women, Image-Based Sexual Abuse. The abuse includes the production and/or distribution of private, sexual images without the consent of the depicted. This essay focuses on the illegal distribution of such private, sexual images.

The purpose of this essay is to present and analyze Swedish legislation and law enforcement procedures regarding Image-Based Sexual Abuse, specifically concerning the distribution. Furthermore, this study discusses how Image-Based Sexual Abuse is perceived as a violation of privacy as opposed to a sexual crime, and which consequences the victim may face as a result of this. The analysis is predominantly based on the feminist research by Clare McGlynn.

This essay begins by defining Image-Based Sexual Abuse, and how this type of abuse represents inequality as an example of the violence that men commit against women. Victims of Image-Based Sexual Abuse often suffer from serious and harmful consequences of the abuse.

In current Swedish law, there is no specific legal provision for Image-Based Sexual Abuse. Instead different provisions in the Swedish Criminal Code (BrB) are applied to these forms of abuse. The protection that Swedish legislation provides against the illegal distribution of private, sexual images consists primarily of Defamation and Gross Defamation in Chapter 5, Section 1–2 BrB, and Illegal Invasion of Privacy in Chapter 4, Section 6 c–d BrB. Iceland is presented as an example of a Nordic country that has introduced specific legislation against this type of abuse, according to the background of the feminist research.

The application of law within this field is explained through a legal case analysis. Eleven legal cases from 2020 to 2022 concerning Image-Based Sexual Abuse are presented. The analysis reveals that the shortcomings that the feminist research suggests exist in the legislation, also exist in the legal application of these crimes.

Finally, it is stated that the legislative protection that exists today is highly deficient, partly due to the fact that the crimes are classified as privacy crimes and not sexual crimes. This can result in victims of crime not feeling understood or protected by the legal system, and that their experiences and the extent of their injuries are disregarded. Women’s experiences of Image-Based Sexual Abuse should be regarded with a higher significance in legislation, and work against Image-Based Sexual Abuse should be prioritised to a greater extent.}},
  author       = {{Rosqvist Raicevic, Isabel}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Bildbaserade sexuella övergrepp - En analys av det svenska straffrättsliga skyddet avseende olovlig spridning av någon annans privata, sexuella bilder}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}