Skip to main content

LUP Student Papers

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Barnens utökade rätt i samhället – Från vittnen till målsäganden

Ottosson, Anna LU (2022) LAGF03 20222
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Den 1 juli 2021 blev det straffbart att låta barn bevittna brott mellan närstående. Brottet fick rubriceringen ”barnfridsbrott” och återfinns i 4 kap. 3 § BrB. Kriminaliseringen av att låta barn bevittna brott mellan närstående bemöttes av positiv respons från de flesta remissinstanserna. Trots att barnfridslagen välkomnades med öppna armar fanns en viss oro för hur lagens utformning skulle fungera i praktiken. En del menade att begreppet ”bevittna” skulle innebära bekymmer vid den praktiska tillämpningen då de ansåg att det var för snävt utformat. Trots denna kritik bestämde lagstiftaren ändå sig för att använda ordet ”bevittna”.
Redan efter mindre än en månad efter införandet av barnfridslagen föll den första domen där barnfridsbrott... (More)
Den 1 juli 2021 blev det straffbart att låta barn bevittna brott mellan närstående. Brottet fick rubriceringen ”barnfridsbrott” och återfinns i 4 kap. 3 § BrB. Kriminaliseringen av att låta barn bevittna brott mellan närstående bemöttes av positiv respons från de flesta remissinstanserna. Trots att barnfridslagen välkomnades med öppna armar fanns en viss oro för hur lagens utformning skulle fungera i praktiken. En del menade att begreppet ”bevittna” skulle innebära bekymmer vid den praktiska tillämpningen då de ansåg att det var för snävt utformat. Trots denna kritik bestämde lagstiftaren ändå sig för att använda ordet ”bevittna”.
Redan efter mindre än en månad efter införandet av barnfridslagen föll den första domen där barnfridsbrott var en av åtalspunkterna. Sedan dess har antalet fällande domar ökat i snabb takt. Det råder inget tvivel om att barnfridsbrottet har fått ett stort genomslag men hur har tillämpningen sett ut i praktiken?
Syftet med denna uppsats är dels att undersöka vilka motiv som kan identifieras bakom kriminaliseringen av att låta barn bevittna brott mellan närstående, dels att undersöka vilket genomslag barnfridsbrottet har fått i praktiken hittills. Undersökningen bygger på en rättsfallsstudie baserad på hovrättsdomar. Samtliga hovrättsdomar har lästs och analyserats men på grund av uppsatsens begränsade omfång finns det inte utrymme för redovisning av varenda dom.
I rättsfallsstudien ingår 98 hovrättsdomar. Av rättsfallsstudien framgår att det i 86 av 98 domar finns åtalspunkter som har vunnit bifall. I 22 stycken har någon eller några av åtalspunkterna rörande barnfridsbrott ogillats. Anledningen till varför åtalspunkter har ogillats varierar men i de flesta fall beror det på att bevittnandet inte är styrkt eller att grundbrottet inte är styrkt. Det kan även bero på att närståenderekvisitet inte anses vara uppfyllt.
Det finns en problematik vid tillämpningen av både bevittnanderekvisitet och närståenderekvisitet. Rättsfallsstudien visar att lagstiftaren har gett domstolarna ett relativt stort tolkningsutrymme och att rättstillämpningen därmed inte har blivit helt enhetlig. Detta kan delvis bero på avsaknaden av vägledande praxis från Högsta domstolen och förhoppningsvis kommer praxis från dem inom en snar framtid. Generellt har barnfridslagen dock inneburit att många barn har fått upprättelse och blivit sedda, vilket är ett stort framsteg. (Less)
Abstract
On the first of July, 2021, it became a crime in Sweden to allow children to witness crimes between relatives. The crime is called ”barnfridsbrott” and exists in Chapter 4, Section 3 in the Swedish Criminal Code. The criminalization of allowing children to witness crimes between relatives was met with a positive response from most of the consultation bodies. Although it was welcomed with open arms, there was some concern about how the adjudication process would work in the practical enforcement. Some people thought that the concept of ”witnessing” would cause problems since the concept was too narrow. Despite this criticism, the legislature still decided to use the word ”witness”.
Less than a month after the criminalization, the first... (More)
On the first of July, 2021, it became a crime in Sweden to allow children to witness crimes between relatives. The crime is called ”barnfridsbrott” and exists in Chapter 4, Section 3 in the Swedish Criminal Code. The criminalization of allowing children to witness crimes between relatives was met with a positive response from most of the consultation bodies. Although it was welcomed with open arms, there was some concern about how the adjudication process would work in the practical enforcement. Some people thought that the concept of ”witnessing” would cause problems since the concept was too narrow. Despite this criticism, the legislature still decided to use the word ”witness”.
Less than a month after the criminalization, the first criminal judgment was adjudicated. Since then, the number of convictions has increased rapidly. There is no doubt that the criminalization has had a major impact, but how has the adjudication process worked in practice?
The purpose of this essay is partly to investigate which motives there are behind the criminalization, and partly to investigate what impact the crime has had in the practical enforcement so far. The investigation is based on a case study that consists of criminal judgments from the Courts of Appeal in Sweden. All of the criminal judgments have been read and analyzed, but due to the essay’s limited scope, there is no space for reporting every single criminal judgment.
The case study includes 98 criminal judgments and it shows that in 86 out of 98 there are charges that have won approval. In 22 cases, one or some of the charges have been dismissed. The reason why charges have been dismissed varies but in most of the cases the reason is that the witnessing element is not corroborated or that the underlying crime is not corroborated. It can also depend on that the people involved are not as close to the children as it requires.
There is a problem in the practical enforcement, both regarding the concept of ”witnessing” and the concept of ”relatives”. The case study shows that the legislature has given the courts a relatively large margin of interpretation and that the practical enforcement has not been completely uniform. This may depend on the lack of criminal judgments from the Supreme Court of Sweden. Hopefully the Supreme Court will deliver judgments in the near future. However, the criminalization of allowing children to witness crimes between relatives in general has meant that many children have received redress and that they have been seen, which is a great advancement. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Ottosson, Anna LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20222
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, Barnrätt, Barnfridsbrott
language
Swedish
id
9105187
date added to LUP
2023-02-03 16:34:05
date last changed
2023-02-03 16:34:05
@misc{9105187,
  abstract     = {{On the first of July, 2021, it became a crime in Sweden to allow children to witness crimes between relatives. The crime is called ”barnfridsbrott” and exists in Chapter 4, Section 3 in the Swedish Criminal Code. The criminalization of allowing children to witness crimes between relatives was met with a positive response from most of the consultation bodies. Although it was welcomed with open arms, there was some concern about how the adjudication process would work in the practical enforcement. Some people thought that the concept of ”witnessing” would cause problems since the concept was too narrow. Despite this criticism, the legislature still decided to use the word ”witness”.
Less than a month after the criminalization, the first criminal judgment was adjudicated. Since then, the number of convictions has increased rapidly. There is no doubt that the criminalization has had a major impact, but how has the adjudication process worked in practice?
The purpose of this essay is partly to investigate which motives there are behind the criminalization, and partly to investigate what impact the crime has had in the practical enforcement so far. The investigation is based on a case study that consists of criminal judgments from the Courts of Appeal in Sweden. All of the criminal judgments have been read and analyzed, but due to the essay’s limited scope, there is no space for reporting every single criminal judgment.
The case study includes 98 criminal judgments and it shows that in 86 out of 98 there are charges that have won approval. In 22 cases, one or some of the charges have been dismissed. The reason why charges have been dismissed varies but in most of the cases the reason is that the witnessing element is not corroborated or that the underlying crime is not corroborated. It can also depend on that the people involved are not as close to the children as it requires.
There is a problem in the practical enforcement, both regarding the concept of ”witnessing” and the concept of ”relatives”. The case study shows that the legislature has given the courts a relatively large margin of interpretation and that the practical enforcement has not been completely uniform. This may depend on the lack of criminal judgments from the Supreme Court of Sweden. Hopefully the Supreme Court will deliver judgments in the near future. However, the criminalization of allowing children to witness crimes between relatives in general has meant that many children have received redress and that they have been seen, which is a great advancement.}},
  author       = {{Ottosson, Anna}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Barnens utökade rätt i samhället – Från vittnen till målsäganden}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}