Population transferral as an International Crime: The Case of Palestine
(2024) JURM02 20241Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract
- The purpose of this essay is to examine the ongoing displacement of Palestin-ians in Gaza after October 7th, 2023. In specific, the essay aims to determine whether the displacement of Palestinians constitutes a crime against humanity under the international criminal law. The research is based around two main questions: How does international criminal law define and regulate forcible transfer and deportation as crimes against humanity? To what extent do Is-rael's actions toward the Palestinian population constitute crimes against hu-manity through forcible transfer or deportation?
Crimes against humanity, unlike crime of genocide and warcrimes, does not have a universally recognized or comprehensive convention at the time of the... (More) - The purpose of this essay is to examine the ongoing displacement of Palestin-ians in Gaza after October 7th, 2023. In specific, the essay aims to determine whether the displacement of Palestinians constitutes a crime against humanity under the international criminal law. The research is based around two main questions: How does international criminal law define and regulate forcible transfer and deportation as crimes against humanity? To what extent do Is-rael's actions toward the Palestinian population constitute crimes against hu-manity through forcible transfer or deportation?
Crimes against humanity, unlike crime of genocide and warcrimes, does not have a universally recognized or comprehensive convention at the time of the publication of this essay. Therefore, it has been of utmost importance to delve into existing jurisprudence to explore the definitions of the crimes of forcible transfer and deportation. This has led to difficulties as inconsistencies between and within international Tribunals have emerged, creating difficulties identify-ing forcible transfer and deportation as the lines are blurred.
The question is whether displacement of approximately 1.7 million Palestinian in Gaza constitute a widespread attack within the context of international crim-inal law. Amongst other things, it can also be questioned whether the evacua-tions for the Gaza residents were issued as a means to displace a population in the guise of prioritising the safety of civilians. This is further suggested by the scale of destruction of civilian buildings and infrastructure in Gaza, and by statements made by Israeli officials, such as President Isaac Herzog and De-fence Minister Yoav Gallant.
Through examining the elements of the crime of forcible transfer and deporta-tion and applying it to the displacement of the population in Gaza, the study concludes that Israel, treated in this paper as a collective entity as crimes against humanity imposes individual criminal responsibility and not state re-sponsibility, has committed forcible transfer against the civilian Palestinian population. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka den pågående förflyttningen av
palestinier i Gaza efter den 7 oktober 2023. Specifikt syftar uppsatsen till att
avgöra om förflyttningen av palestinier utgör ett brott mot mänskligheten enligt internationell straffrätt. Forskningen bygger huvudsakligen på två frågor:
Hur definierar och reglerar internationell straffrätt tvångsförflyttning och deportation under brott mot mänskligheten? I vilken utsträckning utgör Israels
agerande mot den palestinska befolkningen brott mot mänskligheten genom
tvångsförflyttning eller deportation?
Brott mot mänskligheten har, till skillnad från folkmord och krigsbrott, ingen
allmänt erkänd eller heltäckande konvention vid tidpunkten för publiceringen
av... (More) - Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka den pågående förflyttningen av
palestinier i Gaza efter den 7 oktober 2023. Specifikt syftar uppsatsen till att
avgöra om förflyttningen av palestinier utgör ett brott mot mänskligheten enligt internationell straffrätt. Forskningen bygger huvudsakligen på två frågor:
Hur definierar och reglerar internationell straffrätt tvångsförflyttning och deportation under brott mot mänskligheten? I vilken utsträckning utgör Israels
agerande mot den palestinska befolkningen brott mot mänskligheten genom
tvångsförflyttning eller deportation?
Brott mot mänskligheten har, till skillnad från folkmord och krigsbrott, ingen
allmänt erkänd eller heltäckande konvention vid tidpunkten för publiceringen
av denna uppsats. Därför har det varit av yttersta vikt att fördjupa sig i befintlig rättspraxis för att undersöka definitionerna av brotten tvångsförflyttning
och deportation. Svårigheter har uppkommit då oregelbundna yttrande mellan
och inom internationella tribunaler har uppstått, vilket skapat svårigheter att
identifiera tvångsförflyttning och deportation eftersom gränserna är otydliga.
Frågan är om förflyttningen av cirka 1,7 miljoner palestinier i Gaza utgör en
’widespread attack’ inom ramen för internationell straffrätt. Bland annat kan
det också ifrågasättas om evakueringarna för invånarna i Gaza skett som ett
sätt att förflytta en befolkning i sken av att prioritera civilbefolkningens säkerhet. Detta antyds ytterligare genom omfattningen av förstörelse av civila
byggnader och infrastruktur i Gaza, och av uttalanden från israeliska tjänstemän, såsom president Isaac Herzog och försvarsminister Yoav Gallant.
Genom att undersöka aspekterna av brottet tvångsförflyttning och deportation
och tillämpa det på förflyttningen av befolkningen i Gaza, drar studien slutsatsen att Israel, som i denna uppsats behandlas som en kollektiv enhet då
brott mot mänskligheten ålägger individuellt straffansvar och inte statligt ansvar, har tvångsförflyttat den civila palestinska befolkningen. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9153494
- author
- Hoxha, Donat LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- JURM02 20241
- year
- 2024
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- language
- English
- id
- 9153494
- date added to LUP
- 2024-06-07 10:33:47
- date last changed
- 2024-06-07 10:33:47
@misc{9153494,
abstract = {{The purpose of this essay is to examine the ongoing displacement of Palestin-ians in Gaza after October 7th, 2023. In specific, the essay aims to determine whether the displacement of Palestinians constitutes a crime against humanity under the international criminal law. The research is based around two main questions: How does international criminal law define and regulate forcible transfer and deportation as crimes against humanity? To what extent do Is-rael's actions toward the Palestinian population constitute crimes against hu-manity through forcible transfer or deportation?
Crimes against humanity, unlike crime of genocide and warcrimes, does not have a universally recognized or comprehensive convention at the time of the publication of this essay. Therefore, it has been of utmost importance to delve into existing jurisprudence to explore the definitions of the crimes of forcible transfer and deportation. This has led to difficulties as inconsistencies between and within international Tribunals have emerged, creating difficulties identify-ing forcible transfer and deportation as the lines are blurred.
The question is whether displacement of approximately 1.7 million Palestinian in Gaza constitute a widespread attack within the context of international crim-inal law. Amongst other things, it can also be questioned whether the evacua-tions for the Gaza residents were issued as a means to displace a population in the guise of prioritising the safety of civilians. This is further suggested by the scale of destruction of civilian buildings and infrastructure in Gaza, and by statements made by Israeli officials, such as President Isaac Herzog and De-fence Minister Yoav Gallant.
Through examining the elements of the crime of forcible transfer and deporta-tion and applying it to the displacement of the population in Gaza, the study concludes that Israel, treated in this paper as a collective entity as crimes against humanity imposes individual criminal responsibility and not state re-sponsibility, has committed forcible transfer against the civilian Palestinian population.}},
author = {{Hoxha, Donat}},
language = {{eng}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Population transferral as an International Crime: The Case of Palestine}},
year = {{2024}},
}