High Temperature Oxidation: Stainless-Steel Alloys
(2024) MMTM05 20241Production and Materials Engineering
- Abstract
- To meet the future demands and growing challenges in operating heat-exchangers at temperatures greater than 600°C, it is crucial to understand the high-temperature oxidation performance of materials for their components. Namely, it is necessary to study oxidation kinetics and elemental composition of the oxide scale to understand how the materials behave and degrade in such extreme conditions. In this work, eight different stainless-steel alloys with varying compositions were heat-treated and oxidized in air at temperatures of 600 °C, 750 °C and 900 °C. Experimental results showed that the oxidation kinetics increased with increasing temperature, and steel alloys with higher chromium content exhibited better oxidation resistance. The Cr... (More)
- To meet the future demands and growing challenges in operating heat-exchangers at temperatures greater than 600°C, it is crucial to understand the high-temperature oxidation performance of materials for their components. Namely, it is necessary to study oxidation kinetics and elemental composition of the oxide scale to understand how the materials behave and degrade in such extreme conditions. In this work, eight different stainless-steel alloys with varying compositions were heat-treated and oxidized in air at temperatures of 600 °C, 750 °C and 900 °C. Experimental results showed that the oxidation kinetics increased with increasing temperature, and steel alloys with higher chromium content exhibited better oxidation resistance. The Cr content in alloy 316L and 316LN was insufficient to form a stable chromia scale which led to the spallation or the formation of non-protective Fe-rich oxide layer. A drastic increase in the oxidation rate was observed when samples were exposed to high temperatures of 900°C. The diffusion of Mn to the outer oxide layer forming Mn-rich spinel oxide was found, contributing to the high diffusion rate of oxygen penetration into the oxide scale and leading to a higher mass gain with increasing oxide thickness layer. The formation of mixed oxide layers was associated with poor oxidation behavior compared to the pure chromia oxide scale due to stable and steady-state diffusion rate. Alloy 253 MA with its stable oxidation kinetics due to having the lowest mass gain at all oxidizing temperatures was found to be the best performing alloy. The addition of 0.05 wt % Ce which improves scale adhesion and the formation of a thin, dense and adherent oxide scale led to its high performance. (Less)
- Popular Abstract
- To address the challenges of operating heat exchangers at temperatures above 600°C, it's essential to understand the high- temperature oxidation performance of materials. This study examined eight different stainless-steel alloys with varying compositions, heat-treated and oxidized in air at 600°C, 750°C and 900°C. Results indicated that oxidation kinetics increased with temperature. Alloys with higher chromium content showed better oxidation resistance. Inadequate Cr content in alloys 316L and 316LN prevented the formation of a stable chromia scale, resulting in non-protective Fe-rich oxide layers. At 900°C, oxidation rates increased significantly. Mn diffusion to the outer oxide layer led to the formation of Mn-rich spinel oxide,... (More)
- To address the challenges of operating heat exchangers at temperatures above 600°C, it's essential to understand the high- temperature oxidation performance of materials. This study examined eight different stainless-steel alloys with varying compositions, heat-treated and oxidized in air at 600°C, 750°C and 900°C. Results indicated that oxidation kinetics increased with temperature. Alloys with higher chromium content showed better oxidation resistance. Inadequate Cr content in alloys 316L and 316LN prevented the formation of a stable chromia scale, resulting in non-protective Fe-rich oxide layers. At 900°C, oxidation rates increased significantly. Mn diffusion to the outer oxide layer led to the formation of Mn-rich spinel oxide, increasing oxygen penetration and mass gain. Mixed oxide layers exhibited poor oxidation behaviour compared to pure chromia oxide scales. Alloy 253 MA performed best, with the lowest mass gain and stable oxidation kinetics across all temperatures, attributed to the addition of 0.05 wt % Ce, which improved scale adhesion and formed a thin, dense and adherent oxide scale. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9158258
- author
- Pires, Jotham LU and Makinde, Ajibola Abdullahi LU
- supervisor
-
- Dmytro Orlov LU
- organization
- course
- MMTM05 20241
- year
- 2024
- type
- H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
- subject
- keywords
- High-temperature oxidation, Diffusion, Chromia scale, Elemental Composition, SEM, EDS, Stainless-steel
- report number
- CODEN: LUTMDN/(TMMV-5364)/1-89/2024
- language
- English
- id
- 9158258
- date added to LUP
- 2024-06-04 18:08:08
- date last changed
- 2024-06-04 18:08:08
@misc{9158258,
abstract = {{To meet the future demands and growing challenges in operating heat-exchangers at temperatures greater than 600°C, it is crucial to understand the high-temperature oxidation performance of materials for their components. Namely, it is necessary to study oxidation kinetics and elemental composition of the oxide scale to understand how the materials behave and degrade in such extreme conditions. In this work, eight different stainless-steel alloys with varying compositions were heat-treated and oxidized in air at temperatures of 600 °C, 750 °C and 900 °C. Experimental results showed that the oxidation kinetics increased with increasing temperature, and steel alloys with higher chromium content exhibited better oxidation resistance. The Cr content in alloy 316L and 316LN was insufficient to form a stable chromia scale which led to the spallation or the formation of non-protective Fe-rich oxide layer. A drastic increase in the oxidation rate was observed when samples were exposed to high temperatures of 900°C. The diffusion of Mn to the outer oxide layer forming Mn-rich spinel oxide was found, contributing to the high diffusion rate of oxygen penetration into the oxide scale and leading to a higher mass gain with increasing oxide thickness layer. The formation of mixed oxide layers was associated with poor oxidation behavior compared to the pure chromia oxide scale due to stable and steady-state diffusion rate. Alloy 253 MA with its stable oxidation kinetics due to having the lowest mass gain at all oxidizing temperatures was found to be the best performing alloy. The addition of 0.05 wt % Ce which improves scale adhesion and the formation of a thin, dense and adherent oxide scale led to its high performance.}},
author = {{Pires, Jotham and Makinde, Ajibola Abdullahi}},
language = {{eng}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{High Temperature Oxidation: Stainless-Steel Alloys}},
year = {{2024}},
}