The birth of states - Continuation or succession?
(2024) LAGF03 20242Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Under 1900-talets slut upplöstes både Sovjetunionen och det Socialistiska federativa republiken Jugoslavien (SFRJ). Staternas upplösning gav i sin tur upphov till upprättandet av ett antal nya stater. Som konsekvens av en stats upplösande, och andra staters upprättande, uppstår frågan vad sker med den upplösta statens juridiska person? Upplösta staters juridiska person kan an-tingen upphöra att existera, eller övergå till- och återetableras i en ny stat. De olika alternativen har olika konsekvenser för både staten i fråga och det inter-nationella samfundet. Visserligen regleras konsekvenserna av statssuccession i två olika internationella konventioner, men den föregående situationen – huruvida en stat ska anses vara av samma juridiska... (More)
- Under 1900-talets slut upplöstes både Sovjetunionen och det Socialistiska federativa republiken Jugoslavien (SFRJ). Staternas upplösning gav i sin tur upphov till upprättandet av ett antal nya stater. Som konsekvens av en stats upplösande, och andra staters upprättande, uppstår frågan vad sker med den upplösta statens juridiska person? Upplösta staters juridiska person kan an-tingen upphöra att existera, eller övergå till- och återetableras i en ny stat. De olika alternativen har olika konsekvenser för både staten i fråga och det inter-nationella samfundet. Visserligen regleras konsekvenserna av statssuccession i två olika internationella konventioner, men den föregående situationen – huruvida en stat ska anses vara av samma juridiska person eller anses vara en ny juridisk person – regleras inte av internationell lag.
Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka när- och varför en stat anses vara en fortsättning av en redan existerande juridisk person alternativt anses ersätta en tidigare existerande juridisk person som ny juridisk person. Utifrån två exem-pel, Sovjetunionen och dess fortsättning som Ryssland samt SFRJ och ersät-taren Förbundsrepubliken Jugoslavien, finner denna undersökning olika om-ständigheter som kan påverka bedömningen om klassifikationen av juridisk person.
Undersökningen finner ett flertal nämnvärda skillnader: staten Ryssland ärvde majoritet i både befolkningsmängd och territorium från USSR, medan För-bundsrepubliken Jugoslavien fick mindre än hälften av både befolknings-mängd och territorium av SFRJ. Vidare har Ryssland historiskt ansetts vara en enhet och en stat, som bestod i Sovjetunionen, medan Förbundsrepubliken Jugoslavien inte tidigare har varit en stat eller territoriell enhet. I fråga om auk-toritet kan man i Ryssland urskilja samma statsapparat, institutioner och aktö-rer som tidigare fanns i Sovjetunionen, medan Förbundsrepubliken Jugosla-vien snarare fick inrätta en egen och ny statsledning med nya institutioner.
Däremot fann undersökningen att båda länderna påstod sig vara samma juri-diska person som de länder de föregått och handlade också i detta avseende. Båda länder blev emellertid inte erkända internationellt. Ryssland erkändes som fortsättningen av Sovjetunionen och som dennes juridiska person, medan Förbundsrepubliken Jugoslavien erkändes som stat, men erkändes inte som SFRJ:s juridiska person.
Samtliga aspekter av bedömningen har betydelse, men undersökningen finner att två aspekter väger tyngre än övriga: auktoritet och erkännande. Auktoritet framstår som grundläggande för en juridisk persons identitet, och erkännandet som nödvändigt för en reell ställning i förhållande till andra stater. (Less) - Abstract
- During the end of the 20th century, both the Soviet Union (USSR) and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) dissolved. The dissolution of these states resulted in the creation of a number of new states. As a conse-quence of one state’s dissolution and the creation of other states, a question arises: What happens to the legal personality of the state that was dissolved? The legal personality of a dissolved state can either cease to exist and be re-placed by a new state with a new legal personality, or it could be transferred to- and continued in the new state. Depending on the outcome of the legal personality the new states will hold different positions in the international community which will have different consequences.... (More)
- During the end of the 20th century, both the Soviet Union (USSR) and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) dissolved. The dissolution of these states resulted in the creation of a number of new states. As a conse-quence of one state’s dissolution and the creation of other states, a question arises: What happens to the legal personality of the state that was dissolved? The legal personality of a dissolved state can either cease to exist and be re-placed by a new state with a new legal personality, or it could be transferred to- and continued in the new state. Depending on the outcome of the legal personality the new states will hold different positions in the international community which will have different consequences. While the question of state succession is regulated in two international conventions, the previous question – whether or not a state should be considered a the continuation of a previous legal personality or a new one – is not regulated by international law.
This thesis aims to examine why a state is considered be of- and continue the legal personality of a previously existing state, and when it is considered to be a new legal personality. By examining two examples: the USSR and its con-tinuation as the Russian Federation and the SFRY and its replacement the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), this thesis deduce a few different factors that can influence the assessment of legal personalities of states.
The thesis concludes that there are a number of factors that differs the two cases: the Russian Federation inherited the majority of the population and ter-ritory of the USSR while the FRY ended up with less than half of both the SFRY’s territory and population. Further Russia had been considered a state with a legal personality before the creation of the USSR, and its legal person-ality was widely considered to have persisted within the USSR. The FRY on the other hand had not previously been considered a state or a territorial unit. Considering authority, the same institutions, state apparatus and actors could be found in the USSR as in the new state Russian Federation, while the FRY did not inherit institutions, government or state apparatus from the SFRY.
In contrast, the thesis established that both states continue the legal personality of the state that had been before them, and both states acted in this capacity. However, only the claim of the Russian Federation was widely recognized. The FRY was only ever recognized as a state, but not of continuing the legal personality of the SFRY.
The thesis found all aspects valuable, but two aspects seem to carry more weight: authority and recognition. Authority because it appears to be vital for the indent of a legal personality, and recognition because it is necessary to establish a position in relation to third states. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9180312
- author
- Kvernebo Sunnergren, Ebba Ottilia LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- LAGF03 20242
- year
- 2024
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- jurisprudence, public international law, legal history
- language
- English
- id
- 9180312
- date added to LUP
- 2025-03-20 14:12:15
- date last changed
- 2025-03-20 14:12:15
@misc{9180312, abstract = {{During the end of the 20th century, both the Soviet Union (USSR) and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) dissolved. The dissolution of these states resulted in the creation of a number of new states. As a conse-quence of one state’s dissolution and the creation of other states, a question arises: What happens to the legal personality of the state that was dissolved? The legal personality of a dissolved state can either cease to exist and be re-placed by a new state with a new legal personality, or it could be transferred to- and continued in the new state. Depending on the outcome of the legal personality the new states will hold different positions in the international community which will have different consequences. While the question of state succession is regulated in two international conventions, the previous question – whether or not a state should be considered a the continuation of a previous legal personality or a new one – is not regulated by international law. This thesis aims to examine why a state is considered be of- and continue the legal personality of a previously existing state, and when it is considered to be a new legal personality. By examining two examples: the USSR and its con-tinuation as the Russian Federation and the SFRY and its replacement the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), this thesis deduce a few different factors that can influence the assessment of legal personalities of states. The thesis concludes that there are a number of factors that differs the two cases: the Russian Federation inherited the majority of the population and ter-ritory of the USSR while the FRY ended up with less than half of both the SFRY’s territory and population. Further Russia had been considered a state with a legal personality before the creation of the USSR, and its legal person-ality was widely considered to have persisted within the USSR. The FRY on the other hand had not previously been considered a state or a territorial unit. Considering authority, the same institutions, state apparatus and actors could be found in the USSR as in the new state Russian Federation, while the FRY did not inherit institutions, government or state apparatus from the SFRY. In contrast, the thesis established that both states continue the legal personality of the state that had been before them, and both states acted in this capacity. However, only the claim of the Russian Federation was widely recognized. The FRY was only ever recognized as a state, but not of continuing the legal personality of the SFRY. The thesis found all aspects valuable, but two aspects seem to carry more weight: authority and recognition. Authority because it appears to be vital for the indent of a legal personality, and recognition because it is necessary to establish a position in relation to third states.}}, author = {{Kvernebo Sunnergren, Ebba Ottilia}}, language = {{eng}}, note = {{Student Paper}}, title = {{The birth of states - Continuation or succession?}}, year = {{2024}}, }