Margin of appreciation och proportionalitet vid begränsningar av yttrandefriheten
(2025) JURM02 20251Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Margin of appreciation och proportionalitetsprincipen är två centrala koncept vid begränsningar av fri- och rättigheter enligt EKMR, med avgörande betydelse för bedömningen om en rättighet har kränkts eller inte. Koncepten kan sägas öppna upp för en viss vingelmån vid tolkningen av EKMR. Margin of appreciation ger konventionsstaterna ett visst utrymme att bedöma nödvändigheten av en rättighetsbegränsning, medan kravet på proportionalitet tar sikte på hur åtgärden står sig i förhållande till det eftersträvade målet. Trots konceptens centrala roll vid tolkningen av EKMR, råder olika uppfattningar om hur margin of appreciation och proportionalitetsprincipen ska förstås.
I Europadomstolens praxis har frågor om margin of appreciation och... (More) - Margin of appreciation och proportionalitetsprincipen är två centrala koncept vid begränsningar av fri- och rättigheter enligt EKMR, med avgörande betydelse för bedömningen om en rättighet har kränkts eller inte. Koncepten kan sägas öppna upp för en viss vingelmån vid tolkningen av EKMR. Margin of appreciation ger konventionsstaterna ett visst utrymme att bedöma nödvändigheten av en rättighetsbegränsning, medan kravet på proportionalitet tar sikte på hur åtgärden står sig i förhållande till det eftersträvade målet. Trots konceptens centrala roll vid tolkningen av EKMR, råder olika uppfattningar om hur margin of appreciation och proportionalitetsprincipen ska förstås.
I Europadomstolens praxis har frågor om margin of appreciation och proportionalitetsprincipen kommit att ställas på sin spets i fall som rört begränsningar av yttrandefriheten enligt artikel 10. Mot bakgrund av yttrandefrihetens särskilda koppling till demokrati är det fråga om en speciell rättighet inom ramen för EKMR. Rätten till yttrandefrihet rör själva genomförandet av politiken och är därmed en förutsättning för demokrati. Yttrandefrihetens centrala roll för demokratin är något som Europadomstolen återkommande framhåller, vilket understryker vikten av att förstå relationen mellan margin of appreciation och proportionalitetsprincipen vid begränsningar av yttrandefriheten.
I den här uppsatsen undersöker jag relationen mellan margin of appreciation och proportionalitetsprincipen vid begränsningar av yttrandefriheten enligt artikel 10, mot bakgrund av den diskussion som förts i litteraturen på området samt Europadomstolens rättspraxis. Utifrån detta ger jag min tolkning av hur relationen mellan koncepten kan förstås vid yttrandefrihetsbegränsningar enligt artikel 10, i syfte att bidra till en bättre förståelse för konceptens funktion och hur de interagerar med varandra.
I min analys kommer jag fram till att Europadomstolen intar ett försiktigt förhållningssätt till många av de frågor som aktualiserar margin of appreciation och proportionalitetsprincipen. Mot den här bakgrunden menar jag att de olika perspektiven som framkommer i litteraturen inte behöver ses som oförenliga, utan i stället att de belyser olika sätt att uppfatta vad Europadomstolen gör. Med utgångspunkt i litteraturen och de fall jag analyserar menar jag att de frågor som Europadomstolen ställs inför kan ses som en riskavvägning, där margin of appreciation delvis fungerar som ett politiskt instrument för att tillåta varierande praktiker inom ramen för EKMR. Mot bakgrund av att konventionssystemet vilar på frivillighet skulle en annan ordning kunna få förödande konsekvenser för Europadomstolens legitimitet och konventionssystemet i stort. Proportionalitetsprincipen kräver dock att staterna är transparenta med de skäl som ligger till grund för yttrandefrihetsbegränsningar. Trots att kravet på relevanta och tillräckliga skäl tycks vara lågt ställt, menar jag att transparensen har en viss hämmande effekt på hur staterna väljer att använda det handlingsutrymme som margin of appreciation innebär. (Less) - Abstract
- Margin of appreciation and the principle of proportionality are two central concepts concerning limitations on rights and freedoms under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), which plays decisive roles in assessing whether a right has been violated or not. These concepts can be said to allow for a certain leeway when interpreting the ECHR. The margin of appreciation grants the contracting states some latitude in determining the necessity of a rights limitation, while the requirement of proportionality focuses on how the measure stands in relation to the objective pursued. Despite the central role of these concepts in the interpretation of the ECHR, there are different views on how the margin of appreciation and the principle of... (More)
- Margin of appreciation and the principle of proportionality are two central concepts concerning limitations on rights and freedoms under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), which plays decisive roles in assessing whether a right has been violated or not. These concepts can be said to allow for a certain leeway when interpreting the ECHR. The margin of appreciation grants the contracting states some latitude in determining the necessity of a rights limitation, while the requirement of proportionality focuses on how the measure stands in relation to the objective pursued. Despite the central role of these concepts in the interpretation of the ECHR, there are different views on how the margin of appreciation and the principle of proportionality should be understood.
In the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (the Court), issues concerning the margin of appreciation and the principle of proportionality have become particularly prominent in cases concerning restrictions on freedom of expression under Article 10. Given the connection between freedom of expression and democracy, it is considered a special right within the framework of the ECHR. The right to freedom of expression concerns how politics is conducted and is thus a prerequisite for democracy. The central role of freedom of expression in democracy is something that the Court repeatedly emphasizes, which underscores the importance of understanding the relationship between the margin of appreciation and the principle of proportionality when it comes to restrictions on freedom of expression.
In this thesis, I examine the relationship between the margin of appreciation and the principle of proportionality in the context of restrictions on freedom of expression under Article 10, in the light of the discussion in the literature and the case law of the Court. Based on this, I present my interpretation of how the relationship between these concepts can be understood, aiming to contribute to a better understanding of the function of these concepts and how they interact with each other.
In my analysis, I conclude that the Court adopts a cautious approach to many of the issues that bring the margin of appreciation and the principle of proportionality into focus. In the light of this, I argue that the different perspectives presented in the literature do not necessarily need to be seen as incompatible, but rather as highlighting different ways of perceiving what the Court is doing. Based on the literature and the cases I analyse, I suggest that the questions faced by the Court can be viewed as a risk assessment, in which the margin of appreciation partly functions as a political instrument to allow for varying practices within the framework of the ECHR. Given that the convention system is based on voluntariness, a different approach could have devastating consequences for the legitimacy of the Court and the convention system as a whole. However, the principle of proportionality requires states to be transparent about the reasons underlying restrictions on freedom of expression. Although the requirement of relevant and sufficient reasons appears to be set at a low threshold, I argue that this transparency has a somewhat restraining effect on how states choose to exercise the discretion granted by the margin of appreciation. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9188893
- author
- Askmalm, Pontus LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- Margin of appreciation and proportionality regarding limitations on freedom of expression
- course
- JURM02 20251
- year
- 2025
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- Folkrätt (en. public international law), margin of appreciation
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9188893
- date added to LUP
- 2025-06-03 11:18:03
- date last changed
- 2025-06-03 11:18:03
@misc{9188893, abstract = {{Margin of appreciation and the principle of proportionality are two central concepts concerning limitations on rights and freedoms under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), which plays decisive roles in assessing whether a right has been violated or not. These concepts can be said to allow for a certain leeway when interpreting the ECHR. The margin of appreciation grants the contracting states some latitude in determining the necessity of a rights limitation, while the requirement of proportionality focuses on how the measure stands in relation to the objective pursued. Despite the central role of these concepts in the interpretation of the ECHR, there are different views on how the margin of appreciation and the principle of proportionality should be understood. In the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (the Court), issues concerning the margin of appreciation and the principle of proportionality have become particularly prominent in cases concerning restrictions on freedom of expression under Article 10. Given the connection between freedom of expression and democracy, it is considered a special right within the framework of the ECHR. The right to freedom of expression concerns how politics is conducted and is thus a prerequisite for democracy. The central role of freedom of expression in democracy is something that the Court repeatedly emphasizes, which underscores the importance of understanding the relationship between the margin of appreciation and the principle of proportionality when it comes to restrictions on freedom of expression. In this thesis, I examine the relationship between the margin of appreciation and the principle of proportionality in the context of restrictions on freedom of expression under Article 10, in the light of the discussion in the literature and the case law of the Court. Based on this, I present my interpretation of how the relationship between these concepts can be understood, aiming to contribute to a better understanding of the function of these concepts and how they interact with each other. In my analysis, I conclude that the Court adopts a cautious approach to many of the issues that bring the margin of appreciation and the principle of proportionality into focus. In the light of this, I argue that the different perspectives presented in the literature do not necessarily need to be seen as incompatible, but rather as highlighting different ways of perceiving what the Court is doing. Based on the literature and the cases I analyse, I suggest that the questions faced by the Court can be viewed as a risk assessment, in which the margin of appreciation partly functions as a political instrument to allow for varying practices within the framework of the ECHR. Given that the convention system is based on voluntariness, a different approach could have devastating consequences for the legitimacy of the Court and the convention system as a whole. However, the principle of proportionality requires states to be transparent about the reasons underlying restrictions on freedom of expression. Although the requirement of relevant and sufficient reasons appears to be set at a low threshold, I argue that this transparency has a somewhat restraining effect on how states choose to exercise the discretion granted by the margin of appreciation.}}, author = {{Askmalm, Pontus}}, language = {{swe}}, note = {{Student Paper}}, title = {{Margin of appreciation och proportionalitet vid begränsningar av yttrandefriheten}}, year = {{2025}}, }