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Utredande genetisk genealogi – ett genombrott? – En analys av metodinförandets straffprocessuella betydelse

Pigg, Ellen LU (2025) JURM02 20252
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
On July 1, 2025, genetic genealogy was introduced as a tool for police investigations in Sweden. The method is also called investigative genetic genealogy and has been praised as a “forensic revolution” and described in terms such as “breakthrough”. However, the fact that no solved crimes have been made public and no convictions have been issued since its commencement raises questions regarding its actual significance in the criminal process. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to examine that significance, on the basis of to what extent Swedish criminal cases can progress from investigation to conviction through investigative genetic genealogy.

The use of investigative genetic genealogy is subject to restrictive regulation in... (More)
On July 1, 2025, genetic genealogy was introduced as a tool for police investigations in Sweden. The method is also called investigative genetic genealogy and has been praised as a “forensic revolution” and described in terms such as “breakthrough”. However, the fact that no solved crimes have been made public and no convictions have been issued since its commencement raises questions regarding its actual significance in the criminal process. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to examine that significance, on the basis of to what extent Swedish criminal cases can progress from investigation to conviction through investigative genetic genealogy.

The use of investigative genetic genealogy is subject to restrictive regulation in Swedish law. For example, the method can only be used following a decision by a public prosecutor in criminal investigations concerning murder, aggravated rape and aggravated rape of a child. In addition, there must be specific grounds to assume that the examined DNA trace was deposited by the perpetrator. Using the method must also be of exceptional importance to the investigation, while its purpose cannot be achieved through less intrusive investigative measures. A number of practical considerations must also be considered. For instance, a DNA trace from the perpetrator must have been deposited at the crime scene. The trace must also have been secured and preserved in the investigation, and be of sufficient quality and quantity to allow a DNA profile to be extracted. Likewise, the produced DNA profile must be of sufficient quality and quantity to be able to be compared in the comparative search. The scope for using this investigative method is therefore severely limited in Sweden, and consequently only a relatively small number of crimes may be investigated using it.

In cases where the method is used successfully, however, the prospect of achieving a conviction appear promising. Based on a qualitative analysis of three leading court cases concerning DNA evidence, Swedish courts tend to accord such evidence (including evidence obtained through investigative genetic genealogy) high probative value. This applies particularly to DNA results that demonstrate a clear connection between the trace and the defendant, while also considered reasonable in light of other evidence.

Finally, this thesis concludes that the introduction of investigative genetic genealogy in Sweden has had limited significance in the criminal process this far. That should not, however, be understood as an indication of a lack of effectiveness, but rather as a consequence of the framework surrounding the permitted use of the method. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Den 1 juli 2025 infördes DNA-baserad släktforskning som ett polisiärt utredningsverktyg i Sverige. Metoden kallas även utredande genetisk genealogi och har hyllats som en ”kriminalteknisk revolution” och beskrivits i termer som ”genombrott”. Att inga uppklarade brott offentliggjorts och inga fällande domar meddelats sedan ikraftträdandet väcker däremot frågor om dess egentliga straffprocessuella betydelse. Syftet med denna uppsats är således att undersöka denna, utifrån i vilken utsträckning svenska brottmål kan gå från utredning till fällande dom genom utredande genetisk genealogi.

Användningen av utredande genetisk genealogi är restriktivt reglerad i svensk rätt. Metoden får till exempel bara användas efter beslut från åklagare i... (More)
Den 1 juli 2025 infördes DNA-baserad släktforskning som ett polisiärt utredningsverktyg i Sverige. Metoden kallas även utredande genetisk genealogi och har hyllats som en ”kriminalteknisk revolution” och beskrivits i termer som ”genombrott”. Att inga uppklarade brott offentliggjorts och inga fällande domar meddelats sedan ikraftträdandet väcker däremot frågor om dess egentliga straffprocessuella betydelse. Syftet med denna uppsats är således att undersöka denna, utifrån i vilken utsträckning svenska brottmål kan gå från utredning till fällande dom genom utredande genetisk genealogi.

Användningen av utredande genetisk genealogi är restriktivt reglerad i svensk rätt. Metoden får till exempel bara användas efter beslut från åklagare i brottsutredningar om mord, grov våldtäkt och grov våldtäkt mot barn. Det ska dessutom finnas särskild anledning att anta att det DNA-spår som är föremål för undersökning avsatts av gärningspersonen. Utöver det ska det vara av synnerlig vikt för utredningen att metoden används och uppenbart att dess syfte inte kan uppnås genom mindre ingripande utredningsåtgärder. Vidare måste även flertalet praktiska aspekter beaktas. Till exempel krävs att ett DNA-spår från en gärningsperson överhuvudtaget avsatts på brottsplatsen. Detta måste dessutom ha säkrats och bevarats i utredningen, samtidigt som det ska vara av tillräcklig mängd och kvalitet att en DNA-profil kan extraheras ur det. Även den DNA-profil som tas fram måste vara av tillräcklig mängd och kvalitet för att bli föremål för jämförande sökning. Utredningsmetodens användningsutrymme är således kraftigt begränsat i Sverige, varför förhållandevis få brott får utredas med hjälp av den.

I de fall metoden används framgångsrikt verkar utsikterna däremot goda för en fällande dom. Utifrån en kvalitativ rättsfallsanalys av tre vägledande avgöranden om DNA-bevisning tenderar svenska domstolar att tillmäta sådan (däribland bevisning som tas fram genom utredande genetisk genealogi) ett högt bevisvärde. Det gäller särskilt DNA-resultat som uppvisar ett tydligt samband mellan spår och tilltalad, samtidigt som det uppfattas som rimligt i förhållande till övrig bevisning.

I uppsatsen konstateras avslutningsvis att införandet av utredande genetisk genealogi i Sverige hittills haft en begränsad straffprocessuell betydelse. Det bör dock inte förstås som ett uttryck för bristande effektivitet, utan snarare som en konsekvens av de snäva ramar inom vilka utredningsmetoden är tillåten. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Pigg, Ellen LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Investigative genetic genealogy – An analysis of the new methods significance for the criminal process
course
JURM02 20252
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, Genetisk genealogi, Utredande genetisk genealogi, DNA-baserad släktforskning, DNA-bevisning, Bevisvärdering, Lagen (2018:1693) om polisens behandling av personuppgifter inom brottsdatalagens område
language
Swedish
id
9217443
date added to LUP
2026-01-22 13:33:18
date last changed
2026-01-22 13:33:18
@misc{9217443,
  abstract     = {{On July 1, 2025, genetic genealogy was introduced as a tool for police investigations in Sweden. The method is also called investigative genetic genealogy and has been praised as a “forensic revolution” and described in terms such as “breakthrough”. However, the fact that no solved crimes have been made public and no convictions have been issued since its commencement raises questions regarding its actual significance in the criminal process. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to examine that significance, on the basis of to what extent Swedish criminal cases can progress from investigation to conviction through investigative genetic genealogy. 

The use of investigative genetic genealogy is subject to restrictive regulation in Swedish law. For example, the method can only be used following a decision by a public prosecutor in criminal investigations concerning murder, aggravated rape and aggravated rape of a child. In addition, there must be specific grounds to assume that the examined DNA trace was deposited by the perpetrator. Using the method must also be of exceptional importance to the investigation, while its purpose cannot be achieved through less intrusive investigative measures. A number of practical considerations must also be considered. For instance, a DNA trace from the perpetrator must have been deposited at the crime scene. The trace must also have been secured and preserved in the investigation, and be of sufficient quality and quantity to allow a DNA profile to be extracted. Likewise, the produced DNA profile must be of sufficient quality and quantity to be able to be compared in the comparative search. The scope for using this investigative method is therefore severely limited in Sweden, and consequently only a relatively small number of crimes may be investigated using it.

In cases where the method is used successfully, however, the prospect of achieving a conviction appear promising. Based on a qualitative analysis of three leading court cases concerning DNA evidence, Swedish courts tend to accord such evidence (including evidence obtained through investigative genetic genealogy) high probative value. This applies particularly to DNA results that demonstrate a clear connection between the trace and the defendant, while also considered reasonable in light of other evidence. 

Finally, this thesis concludes that the introduction of investigative genetic genealogy in Sweden has had limited significance in the criminal process this far. That should not, however, be understood as an indication of a lack of effectiveness, but rather as a consequence of the framework surrounding the permitted use of the method.}},
  author       = {{Pigg, Ellen}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Utredande genetisk genealogi – ett genombrott? – En analys av metodinförandets straffprocessuella betydelse}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}