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Ska livstidsstraffet behållas eller avskaffas? - En analys av livstidsstraffet i Sverige

Heinrichs, Kristoffer LU (2010) JURM01 20092
Department of Law
Abstract
This thesis investigates the question of whether the sentence of life imprisonment should be abolished or retained. The second question that is examined is what life imprisonment in that case should be replaced with.
To understand the existence of the life sentence, the essay begins with an examination of how criminal sanctions have been developed in Sweden: from the fines in the Middle Ages and the hard physical punishments in the 17th century to the appearance of the humanization of prison sentences in the 1800’s.
It is the conflict in the 1900’s between those who advocate the Treatment Theory and those who are proponents of the Classical School that the life sentence emerges as the harshest punishment as a substitute to the abolished... (More)
This thesis investigates the question of whether the sentence of life imprisonment should be abolished or retained. The second question that is examined is what life imprisonment in that case should be replaced with.
To understand the existence of the life sentence, the essay begins with an examination of how criminal sanctions have been developed in Sweden: from the fines in the Middle Ages and the hard physical punishments in the 17th century to the appearance of the humanization of prison sentences in the 1800’s.
It is the conflict in the 1900’s between those who advocate the Treatment Theory and those who are proponents of the Classical School that the life sentence emerges as the harshest punishment as a substitute to the abolished capital punishment. However, the indefinite time penalty and the Treatment Theory were criticized not being in accordance with the rule of law. Other time-indefinite sanctions were abolished and the Treatment Theory suffered a severe setback in the late 1970’s.
Regardless of these conflicts, the life sentence remains and develops into virtually being the mandatory penalty for homicide.
It is proved that life sentenced prisoners feel much worse than other inmates because of the extra load the indeterminate sentence gives. The National Correctional Agency has big problems to deal with the life sentenced inmates, partly due to the difficulty to produce an effective treatment plan.
As a result, the life sentence has undergone many changes in recent years. Among other things, a new law has been instituted that grant the prisoners the possibility to get their indefinite prison sentence transformed to a fixed number of years. The maximum fixed years sanction for homicide has also been extended to 18 years and the Supreme Court has ruled that the life sentence should be reserved for the most severe cases of homicide.
The Forensic psychiatry has also changed. The prison ban for those who suffer from a serious mental disorder has partly been removed. The government has also proposed that the National Correctional Agency should take on the responsibility of the mentally disordered.
By comparing with Norway the conclusion of the thesis is that the life sentence is anachronistic and not in accordance with the rule of law. It also involves practical problems for the National Correctional Agency. The deterrent effect which is the government’s strongest argument for maintaining the sanction form is considered too diminutive to justify preservation. Therefore the life sentence should be abolished.
However, it is still essential to have some form of time indefinite penalty for exceptional cases such as when the national security is endangered or when the offender can not be considered fit enough to live in the community and is considered a threat to his peers. Therefore, there has to be a time indefinite sentence complementary, similar to the storage option available in Norway.
2 (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Detta examensarbete utreder frågan om huruvida livstidsstraffet ska avskaffas eller behållas i Sverige. När det är klarlagt besvaras frågan om vad livstidsstraffet i så fall ska ersättas med.
För att förstå livstidsstraffets utformning börjar uppsatsen med en genomgång av hur straffsanktionerna har utvecklats i Sverige: från medeltidens bötesstraff, genom stormaktstidens hårda kroppsbestraffningar till 1800-talets humanisering med fängelsestraffets framväxt.
Det är i 1900-talets strider mellan de som förespråkar behandlingsteorin och de som är förespråkare av den klassiska skolan som livstidsstraffet växer fram som lagens hårdaste straff – från början som en reaktion mot det avskaffade dödstraffet. Dock kritiseras den tidsobestämda... (More)
Detta examensarbete utreder frågan om huruvida livstidsstraffet ska avskaffas eller behållas i Sverige. När det är klarlagt besvaras frågan om vad livstidsstraffet i så fall ska ersättas med.
För att förstå livstidsstraffets utformning börjar uppsatsen med en genomgång av hur straffsanktionerna har utvecklats i Sverige: från medeltidens bötesstraff, genom stormaktstidens hårda kroppsbestraffningar till 1800-talets humanisering med fängelsestraffets framväxt.
Det är i 1900-talets strider mellan de som förespråkar behandlingsteorin och de som är förespråkare av den klassiska skolan som livstidsstraffet växer fram som lagens hårdaste straff – från början som en reaktion mot det avskaffade dödstraffet. Dock kritiseras den tidsobestämda påföljden samt behandlingsteorin för att vara rättsosäker. Övriga tidsobestämda påföljder avskaffas och behandlingsteorin lider ett hårt bakslag i slutet av 1970-talet.
Genom dessa strider består dock livstidsstraffet och utvecklas till att nästintill bli det obligatoriska påföljdsvalet för mord.
Det har visat sig att livstidsfångarna mår mycket sämre än andra interner på grund av den extra belastning som den tidsobestämda påföljden utgör. Kriminalvården har också stora problem att handskas med de livstidsdömda internerna, delvis på grund av att en behandlingsplan är svår att ta fram.
Livstidsstraffet har på grund av detta genomgått många förändringar de senaste åren. Bland annat har en ny lag instiftats som gjort att livstidsdömda nu kan få sina straff tidsbestämda i domstol. Den tidsbestämda påföljden för mord har också utökats till 18 år och Högsta Domstolen har uttalat sig om att livstid ska förbehållas de allvarligaste mordfallen.
Den rättspsykiatriska vården har också förändrats. Fängelseförbudet för de som lider av en allvarlig psykisk störning har lättats upp. Regeringen har också föreslagit att Kriminalvården ska ta över vården av de psykiskt störda.
Genom att jämföra med Norge blir slutsatsen att livstidsstraffet är en otidsenlig och rättsosäker påföljd. Det innebär också praktiska problem för Kriminalvården. Den avskräckande effekten som är regeringens starkaste argument för att behålla påföljdsformen anses för ringa för att motivera bevarandet. Därför bör livstidsstraffet avskaffas.
Dock behövs det fortfarande någon form av tidsobestämd påföljd för exceptionella fall så som när rikets säkerhet är i fara eller när förövaren inte kan anses frisk nog att leva ute i samhället och kan anses utgöra ett hot mot sina medmänniskor. Därför bör också ett komplement finnas, liknande förvaringsmöjligheten som finns i Norge. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Heinrichs, Kristoffer LU
supervisor
organization
course
JURM01 20092
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Straffrätt
language
Swedish
id
1600020
date added to LUP
2010-05-06 15:29:51
date last changed
2010-05-06 15:29:51
@misc{1600020,
  abstract     = {{This thesis investigates the question of whether the sentence of life imprisonment should be abolished or retained. The second question that is examined is what life imprisonment in that case should be replaced with.
To understand the existence of the life sentence, the essay begins with an examination of how criminal sanctions have been developed in Sweden: from the fines in the Middle Ages and the hard physical punishments in the 17th century to the appearance of the humanization of prison sentences in the 1800’s.
It is the conflict in the 1900’s between those who advocate the Treatment Theory and those who are proponents of the Classical School that the life sentence emerges as the harshest punishment as a substitute to the abolished capital punishment. However, the indefinite time penalty and the Treatment Theory were criticized not being in accordance with the rule of law. Other time-indefinite sanctions were abolished and the Treatment Theory suffered a severe setback in the late 1970’s.
Regardless of these conflicts, the life sentence remains and develops into virtually being the mandatory penalty for homicide.
It is proved that life sentenced prisoners feel much worse than other inmates because of the extra load the indeterminate sentence gives. The National Correctional Agency has big problems to deal with the life sentenced inmates, partly due to the difficulty to produce an effective treatment plan.
As a result, the life sentence has undergone many changes in recent years. Among other things, a new law has been instituted that grant the prisoners the possibility to get their indefinite prison sentence transformed to a fixed number of years. The maximum fixed years sanction for homicide has also been extended to 18 years and the Supreme Court has ruled that the life sentence should be reserved for the most severe cases of homicide.
The Forensic psychiatry has also changed. The prison ban for those who suffer from a serious mental disorder has partly been removed. The government has also proposed that the National Correctional Agency should take on the responsibility of the mentally disordered.
By comparing with Norway the conclusion of the thesis is that the life sentence is anachronistic and not in accordance with the rule of law. It also involves practical problems for the National Correctional Agency. The deterrent effect which is the government’s strongest argument for maintaining the sanction form is considered too diminutive to justify preservation. Therefore the life sentence should be abolished.
However, it is still essential to have some form of time indefinite penalty for exceptional cases such as when the national security is endangered or when the offender can not be considered fit enough to live in the community and is considered a threat to his peers. Therefore, there has to be a time indefinite sentence complementary, similar to the storage option available in Norway.
2}},
  author       = {{Heinrichs, Kristoffer}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Ska livstidsstraffet behållas eller avskaffas? - En analys av livstidsstraffet i Sverige}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}