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Psykisk skada på grund av annans personskada - En jämförande studie av det svenska och det engelska rättsläget

Pyrell, Anders LU (2011) JURM01 20102
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Skadestånd ges i svensk rätt till personer som på grund av svarandens vårdslöshet har drabbats av en psykisk skada om skadan kan klassas som en personskada. Hur den psykiska skadan har uppkommit är dock av stor vikt för rätt till ersättning. Om skadan har uppstått till följd av en fysisk skada hos den som lider av den psykiska skadan, föreligger inga särskilda rättsliga begränsningar för ersättning. Det finns emellertid ett undantag från denna huvudregel. Om den psykiska skadan (följdskadan) har uppstått till följd av någon annans personskada (initialskadan) inträder vissa rättsliga begränsningar. Ett exempel är en person som har drabbats av en depression till följd av att en anhörig vårdslöst har dödats. Ett annat exempel då sådan psykisk... (More)
Skadestånd ges i svensk rätt till personer som på grund av svarandens vårdslöshet har drabbats av en psykisk skada om skadan kan klassas som en personskada. Hur den psykiska skadan har uppkommit är dock av stor vikt för rätt till ersättning. Om skadan har uppstått till följd av en fysisk skada hos den som lider av den psykiska skadan, föreligger inga särskilda rättsliga begränsningar för ersättning. Det finns emellertid ett undantag från denna huvudregel. Om den psykiska skadan (följdskadan) har uppstått till följd av någon annans personskada (initialskadan) inträder vissa rättsliga begränsningar. Ett exempel är en person som har drabbats av en depression till följd av att en anhörig vårdslöst har dödats. Ett annat exempel då sådan psykisk skada kan uppkomma är om en person på avstånd har bevittnat en svår olycka eller en misshandel. Gemensamt för exemplen är att personen som har lidit den psykiska skadan inte själv skadats eller riskerat att skadas.

Initialskadan är av betydande vikt i fall som rör psykiska följdskador på grund av någon annans personskada. Om initialskadan har lett till döden, reglerar 5 kap. 2 § 1 st. 3p. SkL rätten till ersättning för följdskador som har uppstått på grund av dödsfallet. 5 kap. 2 § 1 st. 3p. SkL kräver att den följdskadade har stått den döde särskilt nära. Lagen uppställer inget särskilt krav på ansvarsgrunden, till och med rent strikt ansvar kan räcka. Något särskilt krav på orsakssambandet uppställs inte heller mellan skadehändelse och följdskadan.

När initialskadan inte har lett till döden aktualiseras olika rättsliga begränsningar för när psykiska följdskador kan generera skadestånd. Rättsläget är i stor utsträckning oklart. Vilken typ av ansvarsgrund krävs? Uppställs särskilda krav på orsakssambandet? Många frågor saknar svar.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda och utveckla det svenska rättsläget vad gäller psykiska följdskador som har uppstått på grund av någon annans personskada. För att uppnå detta syfte används en komparativ metod, som innebär att jag jämför det svenska rättsläget med motsvarande rättsläge i en annan rättsordning. Som jämförande rättsordning har jag valt den engelska.

Uppsatsen inleds med en beskrivande del där gällande rätt i de båda rättsordningarna klarläggs. Denna del följs av en komparativ del där rättsordningarnas likheter och skillnader behandlas. I uppsatsens sista del ger jag min egen syn på det svenska rättsområdets potentiella utveckling. I slutsatsen föreslås en implementering av vissa delar av den engelska rätten i den svenska. Detta gäller i synnerhet den engelska rättens syn på vilken personkrets som ska kunna erhålla skadestånd för psykiska följdskador. (Less)
Abstract
Swedish law awards damages for negligently caused psychiatric injuries if such injuries can be classed as personal injuries. In what manner such a psychiatric injury has emerged is of great importance if damages are to be awarded. If a physically injured person develops a psychiatric injury as a result of that physical injury, then no special restrictions in law apply.
There is, however, an exception from this principal rule. If the psychiatric injury (the secondary injury) has developed as a result of someone else’s personal injury (the primary injury), certain legal restrictions apply. As an example, a person may be victim of a depression if a relative has been killed negligently. Another example is a person who develops a psychiatric... (More)
Swedish law awards damages for negligently caused psychiatric injuries if such injuries can be classed as personal injuries. In what manner such a psychiatric injury has emerged is of great importance if damages are to be awarded. If a physically injured person develops a psychiatric injury as a result of that physical injury, then no special restrictions in law apply.
There is, however, an exception from this principal rule. If the psychiatric injury (the secondary injury) has developed as a result of someone else’s personal injury (the primary injury), certain legal restrictions apply. As an example, a person may be victim of a depression if a relative has been killed negligently. Another example is a person who develops a psychiatric injury as a result of witnessing another person being part of an accident or being physically abused. What these examples have in common, is that the psychiatrically injured person has not himself been physically injured or risked being physically injured.

The primary injury is of great importance in cases regarding secondary psychiatric injuries. If the primary injury has resulted in death, 5 kap. 2 § 1 st. 3p. SKL governs the right to be awarded damages for secondary injuries that have been caused by the death. The statute demands that the claimant had a close relationship with the person that was killed. The statute sets no special restrictions regarding fault. Even strict liability may award damages. Additionally, no particular restriction is set on the causation between the fatal act and the secondary psychiatric injury.

If the primary injury does not result in death, Swedish law will apply different legal restrictions on the right to be awarded damages for secondary injuries. The extent of these restrictions is, however, uncertain. Is a certain degree of fault required? Are there any certain restrictions on the issue of causation? Many questions lack answers.

The purpose of this essay is to develop the Swedish law regarding secondary psychiatric injuries which stems from another person’s personal injury. To achieve this purpose, a comparative method will be used, which means that I am going to compare this area of the Swedish law with the same area in another country’s legal system. I have chosen the English law for this purpose.

The essay starts with a descriptive part where the Swedish and the English law are laid out. The similarities and the discrepancies between the legal systems will then be assessed in a separate, comparative part. The essay ends with a conclusion where I will deliver my recommendations on how the Swedish law may evolve. Certain solutions in the English law are recommended to be implemented in Swedish law, such as the class of person who may be awarded damages for secondary psychiatric injuries. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Pyrell, Anders LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Psychiatric injury as a result of someone else's personal injury - A comparative study of the Swedish and the English law
course
JURM01 20102
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Skadeståndsrätt, Psykisk skada, Närstående, Följdskada
language
Swedish
id
1834663
date added to LUP
2011-03-07 17:09:32
date last changed
2011-03-07 17:09:32
@misc{1834663,
  abstract     = {{Swedish law awards damages for negligently caused psychiatric injuries if such injuries can be classed as personal injuries. In what manner such a psychiatric injury has emerged is of great importance if damages are to be awarded. If a physically injured person develops a psychiatric injury as a result of that physical injury, then no special restrictions in law apply.
There is, however, an exception from this principal rule. If the psychiatric injury (the secondary injury) has developed as a result of someone else’s personal injury (the primary injury), certain legal restrictions apply. As an example, a person may be victim of a depression if a relative has been killed negligently. Another example is a person who develops a psychiatric injury as a result of witnessing another person being part of an accident or being physically abused. What these examples have in common, is that the psychiatrically injured person has not himself been physically injured or risked being physically injured. 

The primary injury is of great importance in cases regarding secondary psychiatric injuries. If the primary injury has resulted in death, 5 kap. 2 § 1 st. 3p. SKL governs the right to be awarded damages for secondary injuries that have been caused by the death.  The statute demands that the claimant had a close relationship with the person that was killed. The statute sets no special restrictions regarding fault. Even strict liability may award damages. Additionally, no particular restriction is set on the causation between the fatal act and the secondary psychiatric injury.

If the primary injury does not result in death, Swedish law will apply different legal restrictions on the right to be awarded damages for secondary injuries. The extent of these restrictions is, however, uncertain. Is a certain degree of fault required? Are there any certain restrictions on the issue of causation? Many questions lack answers.

The purpose of this essay is to develop the Swedish law regarding secondary psychiatric injuries which stems from another person’s personal injury. To achieve this purpose, a comparative method will be used, which means that I am going to compare this area of the Swedish law with the same area in another country’s legal system. I have chosen the English law for this purpose.

The essay starts with a descriptive part where the Swedish and the English law are laid out. The similarities and the discrepancies between the legal systems will then be assessed in a separate, comparative part. The essay ends with a conclusion where I will deliver my recommendations on how the Swedish law may evolve. Certain solutions in the English law are recommended to be implemented in Swedish law, such as the class of person who may be awarded damages for secondary psychiatric injuries.}},
  author       = {{Pyrell, Anders}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Psykisk skada på grund av annans personskada - En jämförande studie av det svenska och det engelska rättsläget}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}