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Gränsdragningen mellan straffprocessuella tvångsmedel och polisiära arbetsmetoder. När tangerar i själva verket en infiltrationsoperation en husrannsakan eller ett beslag?

Rilde Bernet, Anna-Karin LU (2013) JURM02 20131
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Straffprocessuella tvångsmedel har till ändamål att hjälpa förundersökningen och rättegången, eller att säkerställa verkställighet av dom i brottmål. Tvångsmedel får inte användas för andra syften än dessa. När tvångsmedel används ska alltid legalitetsprincipen samt de tre allmänna principerna, ändamåls-, behovs-, och proportionalitetsprinciperna beaktas.

En husrannsakan kan vara reell eller personell och får företas i hus, rum eller annat slutet förvaringsställe och endast för vissa ändamål. Ett beslag innebär att det sker en inskränkning i rätten till egendom och kan företas för fyra olika ändamål. För att ett föremål ska få tas i beslag krävs att ett brott har begåtts, samt att det skäligen kan antas att det finns ett samband mellan... (More)
Straffprocessuella tvångsmedel har till ändamål att hjälpa förundersökningen och rättegången, eller att säkerställa verkställighet av dom i brottmål. Tvångsmedel får inte användas för andra syften än dessa. När tvångsmedel används ska alltid legalitetsprincipen samt de tre allmänna principerna, ändamåls-, behovs-, och proportionalitetsprinciperna beaktas.

En husrannsakan kan vara reell eller personell och får företas i hus, rum eller annat slutet förvaringsställe och endast för vissa ändamål. Ett beslag innebär att det sker en inskränkning i rätten till egendom och kan företas för fyra olika ändamål. För att ett föremål ska få tas i beslag krävs att ett brott har begåtts, samt att det skäligen kan antas att det finns ett samband mellan brottet och något av beslagsändamålen.

En infiltrationsoperation innebär att en polisman eller annan tjänsteman under fiktiv identitet och antagen roll, infiltrerar kriminella grupper och nätverk (undercover operations). Infiltration avser en dold undersökningsmetod som innebär en informationsinhämtning. I dagsläget saknas lagstiftning angående infiltration men SOU 2010:103 Särskilda spaningsmetoder diskuterar hur en sådan reglering kan komma att se ut.

Uppsatsen syftar till att diskutera gränsdragningen mellan straffprocessuella tvångsmedel – husrannsakan och beslag – och polisära arbetsmetoder – infiltration. Åtgärderna diskuteras utifrån ett rättssäkerhets- och integritetsskyddsperspektiv. Det finns ingen entydig definition varken för begreppet rättssäkerhet eller integritet. Traditionellt definieras dock rättssäkerhet som förutsebarhet i rättsliga angelägenheter. En gemensam nämnare för de olika beskrivningarna av begreppet integritet kan vara att det uppfattas som en sfär, vilken i olika skikt omsluter den enskilde.

När en åtgärd såsom husrannsakan, beslag eller infiltrationsoperation företas sker ett integritetsintrång. I regeringsformen och europakonventionen finns bestämmelser som avser att skydda mot intrång som exempelvis en husrannsakan. Det är ännu inte klarlagt om en infiltration ingår under detta skydd.

Eftersom infiltration inte är lagstadgad är det svårt att få en bild av hur en infiltrationsoperation praktiskt går till. Avsaknaden av lagstöd har också försvårat jämförelsen mellan infiltration och husrannsakan samt beslag och således även gränsdragningen eftersom det finns många konkreta bestämmelser angående husrannsakan och beslag medan så inte är fallet för en infiltration. Följaktligen kan det konstateras att gränsdragningen i det stora hela blir oklar och otydlig. (Less)
Abstract
Coercive measures have the purpose to help the investigation and trial, or to secure the enforcement of a criminal judgment. Coercive measures should not be used for purposes other than these. When a coercion measure is used, the principle of legality and the three general principles; purpose, needs, and proportionality, have to be taken into account.

A search of the premises is allowed in a house, room or another enclosed storage place and it is only allowed for certain purposes. A confiscation means that there is a restriction on the right to property and can be used for four different purposes. For an object to be seized it is required that a crime has been committed, and that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that there is... (More)
Coercive measures have the purpose to help the investigation and trial, or to secure the enforcement of a criminal judgment. Coercive measures should not be used for purposes other than these. When a coercion measure is used, the principle of legality and the three general principles; purpose, needs, and proportionality, have to be taken into account.

A search of the premises is allowed in a house, room or another enclosed storage place and it is only allowed for certain purposes. A confiscation means that there is a restriction on the right to property and can be used for four different purposes. For an object to be seized it is required that a crime has been committed, and that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that there is a connection between the crime and the seized object.

An infiltration means that a police officer or another civil servant with a fictitious identity and an adopted role are infiltrating criminal groups and networks (undercover operations). Infiltration refers to a hidden research method that involves collection of information. In the current situation there is no legislation regarding infiltration but Swedish Government Official Reports 2010:103 [sv. SOU 2010:103 Särskilda spaningsmetoder] discuss how such a regulation might look like if it is adopted.

The thesis aims to discuss the distinction between coercive measures – search of the premises and confiscation - and police methods - infiltration. The measures are discussed from a rule of law and integrity perspective. There is no clear definition for either term rule of law or integrity. Traditionally it is defined as predictability legal concerns, that legal certainty in legal matters. A common denominator for the different descriptions of the concept of integrity can be seen as a sphere of different layers enclosing the individual.

When an action such as search of the premises, confiscation or infiltration is undertaken, there is a violation of the integrity. In the Instrument of Government and European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms there is a regulation designed to protect against encroachment, such as a search warrant. If an infiltration is included under this protection is today not clear.

Since infiltration is not laid down in law, it is difficult to get a picture of how an infiltration practically is done. The lack of legal support has also complicated the comparison between an infiltration and a search of the premises, and therefore also the demarcation between these. This is because there are many concrete regulations about the arrangements when searching the premises but this is not the case when an infiltration is conducted. Consequently, it is found that the boundary becomes ambiguous and unclear. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Rilde Bernet, Anna-Karin LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The demarcation between coercive criminal procedures and police work methodes. In reality, when does an infiltration operation border on a raid or a confiscation?
course
JURM02 20131
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, straffprocessuella tvångsmedel, husrannsakan, beslag, polisiära arbetsmetoder, infiltration, rättssäkerhet, integritet
language
Swedish
id
3800472
date added to LUP
2013-06-13 15:17:51
date last changed
2013-06-13 15:17:51
@misc{3800472,
  abstract     = {{Coercive measures have the purpose to help the investigation and trial, or to secure the enforcement of a criminal judgment. Coercive measures should not be used for purposes other than these. When a coercion measure is used, the principle of legality and the three general principles; purpose, needs, and proportionality, have to be taken into account.

A search of the premises is allowed in a house, room or another enclosed storage place and it is only allowed for certain purposes. A confiscation means that there is a restriction on the right to property and can be used for four different purposes. For an object to be seized it is required that a crime has been committed, and that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that there is a connection between the crime and the seized object.

An infiltration means that a police officer or another civil servant with a fictitious identity and an adopted role are infiltrating criminal groups and networks (undercover operations). Infiltration refers to a hidden research method that involves collection of information. In the current situation there is no legislation regarding infiltration but Swedish Government Official Reports 2010:103 [sv. SOU 2010:103 Särskilda spaningsmetoder] discuss how such a regulation might look like if it is adopted.

The thesis aims to discuss the distinction between coercive measures – search of the premises and confiscation - and police methods - infiltration. The measures are discussed from a rule of law and integrity perspective. There is no clear definition for either term rule of law or integrity. Traditionally it is defined as predictability legal concerns, that legal certainty in legal matters. A common denominator for the different descriptions of the concept of integrity can be seen as a sphere of different layers enclosing the individual.

When an action such as search of the premises, confiscation or infiltration is undertaken, there is a violation of the integrity. In the Instrument of Government and European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms there is a regulation designed to protect against encroachment, such as a search warrant. If an infiltration is included under this protection is today not clear.

Since infiltration is not laid down in law, it is difficult to get a picture of how an infiltration practically is done. The lack of legal support has also complicated the comparison between an infiltration and a search of the premises, and therefore also the demarcation between these. This is because there are many concrete regulations about the arrangements when searching the premises but this is not the case when an infiltration is conducted. Consequently, it is found that the boundary becomes ambiguous and unclear.}},
  author       = {{Rilde Bernet, Anna-Karin}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Gränsdragningen mellan straffprocessuella tvångsmedel och polisiära arbetsmetoder. När tangerar i själva verket en infiltrationsoperation en husrannsakan eller ett beslag?}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}