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LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Ta lika lott. Jämkning för bröstarvingar

Karlsson, Mona LU (2014) JURM02 20141
Department of Law
Abstract
The following essay is a thesis on the program leading to a Master of Law degree. The aim of the essay is to examine whether the rules of lawful portion of forced heirship (Swedish: laglott) may be affected by the rules of beneficiary clauses, by reinforced lawful portion of forced heirship (Swedish: förstärkt laglottsskydd) or by advances on inheritance (Swedish: förskott på arv). The thesis examines these regulations and also discuss how they interact with each other.

In Sweden, early rules of lawful portion developed in the Middle Ages. Lawful portion became law in 1857 and has since then had a strong position in Swedish law. It entitles direct heirs to inherit one-half of the part of the inheritance. This is the case even when the... (More)
The following essay is a thesis on the program leading to a Master of Law degree. The aim of the essay is to examine whether the rules of lawful portion of forced heirship (Swedish: laglott) may be affected by the rules of beneficiary clauses, by reinforced lawful portion of forced heirship (Swedish: förstärkt laglottsskydd) or by advances on inheritance (Swedish: förskott på arv). The thesis examines these regulations and also discuss how they interact with each other.

In Sweden, early rules of lawful portion developed in the Middle Ages. Lawful portion became law in 1857 and has since then had a strong position in Swedish law. It entitles direct heirs to inherit one-half of the part of the inheritance. This is the case even when the testator bequeathed all of his estate to other direct heirs or other natural or legal persons. In order to receive the lawful portion the direct heir must invoke adjustment of the will. Thus, the regulations of lawful portion restricts the testator from distributing his estate by will as he pleases according to the principle of testamentary freedom.

Later on, an additional rule of reinforced lawful portion, took effect. The rule is applicable on gifts that the deceased during his lifetime has given under such terms or conditions, that the purpose of the gift is equate to a will. In such a case, the direct heir can file a lawsuit to get adjustment of the gift. The gift recipient then must return the received gift or pay a sum equal to the gift's value.

Otherwise, a donor's wish is generally respected as much as possible. The legislature has relied on the presumption that the deceased's wish is that his children get fair shares in the end. In the efforts to achieve that the deceased's estate is divided equally between the children, the legislature has adopted rules about advances on inheritance. A presumption rule states that a gift given to a direct heir deducts as an advance on inheritance, except when otherwise is stipulated by the deceased or is concluded from the circumstances.

By arranging a beneficiary clause, a policy holder of a life insurance can provide economic security for the surviving spouse and children. When the policy holder designates one or more persons as beneficiaries, the insurance amount goes to them instead of being included in the policy holder's estate. If the application of a beneficiary clause leads to an unreasonable result for the direct heir, the beneficiary clause too can be adjusted.

Accordingly, today direct heirs can get adjustment in three different cases. However, the lawful portion is the only situation when adjustment is guaranteed. The rule of reinforced lawful portion is not applicable if special reasons are there against. When considering the question of adjustment in a case of a beneficiary clause, the court uses a reasonableness test and the outcome of the test could be that no adjustment is granted. As a presumption, advances on inheritance to a direct heir deducts from the lawful portion while as for beneficiary clause an opposite presumption is applied. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Föreliggande uppsats är ett examensarbete på juristprogrammet. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka huruvida reglerna om laglott påverkas av regler om förmånstagarförordnande, förstärkt laglottsskydd samt förskott på arv. Framställningen behandlar först den rättsliga regleringen av de olika rättsinstituten, för att sedan diskutera deras inbördes förhållande.

I svensk rätt utvecklades ett tidigt laglottsskydd på medeltiden. Regler om laglott infördes 1857 och sedan dess har laglotten haft ett starkt fäste i svensk rätt. Laglottsskyddet innebär en rätt för bröstarvingar att ärva hälften av arvslotten, även om arvlåtaren testamenterat bort all kvarlåtenskap till en av bröstarvingarna eller en annan fysisk eller juridisk person. För att få... (More)
Föreliggande uppsats är ett examensarbete på juristprogrammet. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka huruvida reglerna om laglott påverkas av regler om förmånstagarförordnande, förstärkt laglottsskydd samt förskott på arv. Framställningen behandlar först den rättsliga regleringen av de olika rättsinstituten, för att sedan diskutera deras inbördes förhållande.

I svensk rätt utvecklades ett tidigt laglottsskydd på medeltiden. Regler om laglott infördes 1857 och sedan dess har laglotten haft ett starkt fäste i svensk rätt. Laglottsskyddet innebär en rätt för bröstarvingar att ärva hälften av arvslotten, även om arvlåtaren testamenterat bort all kvarlåtenskap till en av bröstarvingarna eller en annan fysisk eller juridisk person. För att få ut sin laglott måste bröstarvingen begära jämkning av testamentet. Reglerna om laglott är således en inskränkning i en annars relativt omfattande testationsfrihet.

Sedermera tillkom dessutom en regel om förstärkt laglottsskydd. Regeln omfattar gåva som arvlåtaren under livstiden ger på sådana villkor eller under sådan omständigheter, att gåvan till syftet är att likställa med testamente. Bröstarvingen kan väcka talan om jämkning av gåvan och gåvomottagaren måste då återbära den mottagna egendomen eller ett belopp motsvarande gåvans värde.

Som utgångspunkt gäller annars att en gåvogivares vilja ska respekteras i möjligaste mån. Lagstiftaren har presumerat att arvlåtarens vilja är att barnen får lika mycket i slutändan. För att åstadkomma en jämlik fördelning har det därför instiftats regler om förskott på arv. Enligt en presumtionsregel avräknas gåva som förskott på arv såvida inte antingen arvlåtaren föreskrev något annat eller det av omständigheterna framgår att arvlåtaren inte ville att avräkning skulle ske.

Med ett förmånstagarförordnande kan en arvlåtare trygga försörjningen för efterlevande make och barn. Genom att sätta in en eller flera personer som förmånstagare till en livförsäkring ser arvlåtaren till att försäkringsersättningen går till förmånstagarna istället för att ingå i arvlåtarens dödsbo. Även ett förmånstagarförordnande kan jämkas om tillämpningen av det leder till ett oskäligt resultat för en bröstarvinge.

Idag kan bröstarvingar således få jämkning i tre olika fall. Laglottsreglerna är dock det enda fall då jämkning alltid sker. Regeln om förstärkt laglottsskydd tillämpas inte om särskilda skäl talar däremot. I fallet med förmånstagarförordnande avgörs jämkningsfrågan efter en skälighetsbedömning av samtliga omständigheter, vilket betyder att jämkning inte alltid sker. Som presumtion gäller att förskott ska avräknas från laglotten medan för förmånstagarförordnande tillämpas en omvänd presumtion. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Karlsson, Mona LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Take equal share. Adjustment for direct heirs
course
JURM02 20141
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
arvsrätt, laglott
language
Swedish
id
4358458
date added to LUP
2014-04-23 14:57:19
date last changed
2014-04-23 14:57:19
@misc{4358458,
  abstract     = {{The following essay is a thesis on the program leading to a Master of Law degree. The aim of the essay is to examine whether the rules of lawful portion of forced heirship (Swedish: laglott) may be affected by the rules of beneficiary clauses, by reinforced lawful portion of forced heirship (Swedish: förstärkt laglottsskydd) or by advances on inheritance (Swedish: förskott på arv). The thesis examines these regulations and also discuss how they interact with each other.

In Sweden, early rules of lawful portion developed in the Middle Ages. Lawful portion became law in 1857 and has since then had a strong position in Swedish law. It entitles direct heirs to inherit one-half of the part of the inheritance. This is the case even when the testator bequeathed all of his estate to other direct heirs or other natural or legal persons. In order to receive the lawful portion the direct heir must invoke adjustment of the will. Thus, the regulations of lawful portion restricts the testator from distributing his estate by will as he pleases according to the principle of testamentary freedom.

Later on, an additional rule of reinforced lawful portion, took effect. The rule is applicable on gifts that the deceased during his lifetime has given under such terms or conditions, that the purpose of the gift is equate to a will. In such a case, the direct heir can file a lawsuit to get adjustment of the gift. The gift recipient then must return the received gift or pay a sum equal to the gift's value.

Otherwise, a donor's wish is generally respected as much as possible. The legislature has relied on the presumption that the deceased's wish is that his children get fair shares in the end. In the efforts to achieve that the deceased's estate is divided equally between the children, the legislature has adopted rules about advances on inheritance. A presumption rule states that a gift given to a direct heir deducts as an advance on inheritance, except when otherwise is stipulated by the deceased or is concluded from the circumstances.

By arranging a beneficiary clause, a policy holder of a life insurance can provide economic security for the surviving spouse and children. When the policy holder designates one or more persons as beneficiaries, the insurance amount goes to them instead of being included in the policy holder's estate. If the application of a beneficiary clause leads to an unreasonable result for the direct heir, the beneficiary clause too can be adjusted.

Accordingly, today direct heirs can get adjustment in three different cases. However, the lawful portion is the only situation when adjustment is guaranteed. The rule of reinforced lawful portion is not applicable if special reasons are there against. When considering the question of adjustment in a case of a beneficiary clause, the court uses a reasonableness test and the outcome of the test could be that no adjustment is granted. As a presumption, advances on inheritance to a direct heir deducts from the lawful portion while as for beneficiary clause an opposite presumption is applied.}},
  author       = {{Karlsson, Mona}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Ta lika lott. Jämkning för bröstarvingar}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}