Skip to main content

LUP Student Papers

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Kvarstående parts skiljebundenhet vid rättighetsöverlåtelser - Ett rättspolitiskt förslag de sententia ferenda

Pehrsson, Charlotte LU (2014) JURM02 20141
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
I kommersiella relationer är det vanligt att kontraktuella rättigheter överlåts till tredje part. Om huvudavtalet innehåller ett skiljeavtal uppstår frågan huruvida de nya parterna automatiskt i och med rättighetsöverlåtelsen är automatiskt bundna även av detta. Den tillträdande avtalsparten har av HD ansetts skiljebunden på grund av rättspolitiska överväganden och principerna i 27 § SkbrL. Frågan huruvida den kvarstående parten efter en rättighetsöverlåtelse ska anses skiljebunden av en skiljeklausul i det ursprungliga har HD endast uttalat sig om saken obiter dictum och spörsmålet har även varit föremål för olika meningar i doktrin. Med detta som bakgrund var syftet med denna uppsats att illustrera och analysera de argument för... (More)
I kommersiella relationer är det vanligt att kontraktuella rättigheter överlåts till tredje part. Om huvudavtalet innehåller ett skiljeavtal uppstår frågan huruvida de nya parterna automatiskt i och med rättighetsöverlåtelsen är automatiskt bundna även av detta. Den tillträdande avtalsparten har av HD ansetts skiljebunden på grund av rättspolitiska överväganden och principerna i 27 § SkbrL. Frågan huruvida den kvarstående parten efter en rättighetsöverlåtelse ska anses skiljebunden av en skiljeklausul i det ursprungliga har HD endast uttalat sig om saken obiter dictum och spörsmålet har även varit föremål för olika meningar i doktrin. Med detta som bakgrund var syftet med denna uppsats att illustrera och analysera de argument för respektive emot en skiljebundenhet för den kvarstående parten som framförts i svensk såväl som internationell doktrin. Eftersom frågan är oreglerad i svensk rätt kräver det uppställda problemet en lösning på rättspolitisk grund.

För att lösa tvister genom skiljeförfarande krävs ett skiljeavtal parterna emellan. Ett skiljeavtal binder som utgångspunkt endast de parter som ingått avtalet. Vid rena rättighetsöverlåtelser kan sådana ske utan den kvarstående partens samtycke och vetskap. I sådana situationer är det svårt att ens tolkningsvis kan anse att två samstämmiga viljeförklaringar att ingå skiljeavtal föreligger i den nya partsrelationen. För att inte skiljeklausulen ska förfalla i sin helhet får skiljebundenhet grundas på andra resonemang än avtalsrättsliga.

Den kvarstående parten kan inte alltid anses ha ett intresse av att vara skiljebunden mot en ny avtalspart vilket talar för att parten borde ha en valrätt mellan skiljeförfarande och domstolsförfarande. En sådan ordning har dock inte ansetts lämplig då den leder till oförutsägbarhet och uppmuntrar till forumshopping. Som utgångspunkt ska även den kvarstående parten anses skiljebunden men undantag kan göras i extraordinära situationer. HD har uttalat obiter dictum att den kvarvarande parten ska anses skiljebunden så länge det inte finns särskilda omständigheter som talar emot. Begreppet särskilda omständigheter har diskuterats i doktrinen och ansetts omfatta situationen då skiljeklausulen i det ursprungliga avtalet tillkommit på grund av en personlig anknytning. Vidare kan undantag från skiljebundenhet göras om den tillträdande parten inte har tillräckliga finansiella medel för att bekosta ett skiljeförfarande. I uppsatsen bedömdes sådana undantag möjliggöra en flexibel lösning men möjligheten till sådana undantag bör dock vara begränsad för att undvika en alltför oförutsägbar ordning. I uppsatsen utreddes därtill hur den kvarstående partens skiljebundenhet bedöms internationellt och den dominerande ståndpunkten var att en skiljeklausul automatiskt medföljer vid en överlåtelse av rättigheter så länge inte parterna kommit överens om annat. I utländsk praxis har även undantag från skiljebundenhet erkänts i särskilda situationer.


Uppsatsens slutsats var att den kvarstående parten som huvudregel ska anses skiljebunden vid rättighetsöverlåtelser då det är väsentligt att nationell reglering harmonierar med rådande internationell syn inom ett rättsområde med så tydlig internationell karaktär såsom skiljemannarätt. En automatisk överlåtelse av skiljeklausulen främjar en skiljedomsvänlig policy och överensstämmer med den dominerande uppfattningen internationellt vilket medför en förutsägbar reglering för utländska parter. På grund av detta får undantag göras ifrån den kontraktuella partsbegränsningen för att istället nå en mer ändamålsenlig lösning som gynnar den marknadsekonomiska effektiviteten. (Less)
Abstract
In commercial relationships, it is common that contractual rights are transferred to third parties. If the general agreement contains an arbitration agreement, the question arises if the agreement to arbitrate after a transfer of rights becomes automatically binding between the new parties. For instance, The Supreme Court has ruled that the new party is automatically bound due to legal policy considerations and 27 § in the Law of Promissory Notes. Regarding the issue whether the remaining party after a transfer of rights shall be bound by an arbitration clause in the contract between the original parties the Supreme Court has only ruled on the matter obiter dictum and the question has been the subject various opinions in the legal... (More)
In commercial relationships, it is common that contractual rights are transferred to third parties. If the general agreement contains an arbitration agreement, the question arises if the agreement to arbitrate after a transfer of rights becomes automatically binding between the new parties. For instance, The Supreme Court has ruled that the new party is automatically bound due to legal policy considerations and 27 § in the Law of Promissory Notes. Regarding the issue whether the remaining party after a transfer of rights shall be bound by an arbitration clause in the contract between the original parties the Supreme Court has only ruled on the matter obiter dictum and the question has been the subject various opinions in the legal doctrine. Thus, the purpose of this thesis was to illustrate and analyse the arguments presented in Swedish as well as international literature whether the remaining party ought to be bound by arbitration or not. Since the question is not regulated by Swedish law the discussion of the thesis is based on legal policy considerations.

In order to resolve disputes through arbitration, an agreement to that effect is required. An arbitration agreement is only binding between the parties who entered the agreement. Isolated contractual claims can be freely transferred without the remaining party’s consent or knowledge. In those situations it is problematic to reach the conclusion that the new parties have entered an arbitration agreement of their own. In order to avoid the arbitration clause to become due the agreement to arbitrate must be based on different reasons than contractual commitment.

Further, remaining parties cannot be considered to always have an interest in being bound to arbitrate with assignees which suggests that the party should have the right to choose between arbitration and court proceedings. However, such a right to choose has not been regarded appropriate as it leads to unpredictability and encourages forum speculations. The Supreme Court ruled obiter dictum entailing that the remaining party is bound by the arbitration clause although special circumstances could release the remaining party from the arbitration agreement. The concept of special circumstances has in the legal doctrine been considered to cover situation where decisions to enter into arbitration agreements were based on personal confidence between the original parties. Furthermore, situations may arise where remaining parties are forced to participate in arbitral proceedings with financially weak assignees that are unable to pay for the proceedings. These exceptions to arbitration are to be judged narrowly as not to result in an unpredictable order. The thesis also had an international perspective when investigating whether the remaining party is bound to arbitrate or not. The prevailing international notion was that the arbitration clause automatically follows the transfer of rights as long as the original parties have not agreed otherwise. Exceptions to the main rule have been recognized under certain circumstances.
The conclusion of the thesis was that remaining parties ought to be bound to arbitrate after transfers of rights since it is important that national regulation harmonizes with the internationally dominant position on the matter, especially in an area of law with such an international character as arbitration. An automatic transfer of the arbitration clause promotes an arbitration friendly policy that is in accordance with the prevailing international opinion which in turn creates a predictable regulation for international parties. Given this fact, the rule of contractual party restriction must stand back in order to reach a more effective solution that benefits the market economic efficiency. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Pehrsson, Charlotte LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Is the remaining party bound to arbitrate after a transfer of rights? A suggestion de senentia ferenda
course
JURM02 20141
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
processrätt, civilrätt, skiljemannarätt, skiljeförfarande, skiljebundenhet, singularsuccession, kvarstående part, kvarstående parts skiljebundenhet, skiljeavtal, skiljeavtals subjektiva täckning
language
Swedish
id
4360886
date added to LUP
2014-04-28 09:03:08
date last changed
2014-04-28 09:03:08
@misc{4360886,
  abstract     = {{In commercial relationships, it is common that contractual rights are transferred to third parties. If the general agreement contains an arbitration agreement, the question arises if the agreement to arbitrate after a transfer of rights becomes automatically binding between the new parties. For instance, The Supreme Court has ruled that the new party is automatically bound due to legal policy considerations and 27 § in the Law of Promissory Notes. Regarding the issue whether the remaining party after a transfer of rights shall be bound by an arbitration clause in the contract between the original parties the Supreme Court has only ruled on the matter obiter dictum and the question has been the subject various opinions in the legal doctrine. Thus, the purpose of this thesis was to illustrate and analyse the arguments presented in Swedish as well as international literature whether the remaining party ought to be bound by arbitration or not. Since the question is not regulated by Swedish law the discussion of the thesis is based on legal policy considerations. 

In order to resolve disputes through arbitration, an agreement to that effect is required. An arbitration agreement is only binding between the parties who entered the agreement. Isolated contractual claims can be freely transferred without the remaining party’s consent or knowledge. In those situations it is problematic to reach the conclusion that the new parties have entered an arbitration agreement of their own. In order to avoid the arbitration clause to become due the agreement to arbitrate must be based on different reasons than contractual commitment. 

Further, remaining parties cannot be considered to always have an interest in being bound to arbitrate with assignees which suggests that the party should have the right to choose between arbitration and court proceedings. However, such a right to choose has not been regarded appropriate as it leads to unpredictability and encourages forum speculations. The Supreme Court ruled obiter dictum entailing that the remaining party is bound by the arbitration clause although special circumstances could release the remaining party from the arbitration agreement. The concept of special circumstances has in the legal doctrine been considered to cover situation where decisions to enter into arbitration agreements were based on personal confidence between the original parties. Furthermore, situations may arise where remaining parties are forced to participate in arbitral proceedings with financially weak assignees that are unable to pay for the proceedings. These exceptions to arbitration are to be judged narrowly as not to result in an unpredictable order. The thesis also had an international perspective when investigating whether the remaining party is bound to arbitrate or not. The prevailing international notion was that the arbitration clause automatically follows the transfer of rights as long as the original parties have not agreed otherwise. Exceptions to the main rule have been recognized under certain circumstances. 
The conclusion of the thesis was that remaining parties ought to be bound to arbitrate after transfers of rights since it is important that national regulation harmonizes with the internationally dominant position on the matter, especially in an area of law with such an international character as arbitration. An automatic transfer of the arbitration clause promotes an arbitration friendly policy that is in accordance with the prevailing international opinion which in turn creates a predictable regulation for international parties. Given this fact, the rule of contractual party restriction must stand back in order to reach a more effective solution that benefits the market economic efficiency.}},
  author       = {{Pehrsson, Charlotte}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Kvarstående parts skiljebundenhet vid rättighetsöverlåtelser - Ett rättspolitiskt förslag de sententia ferenda}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}