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LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Avbrottsförsäkring och skadebegränsning – en undersökning av det försäkrade företagets plikt att agera för att begränsa verkningarna av ett avbrott

Söderberg, Adam LU (2014) JURM02 20141
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Genom att teckna en avbrottsförsäkring kan ett företag skydda sig mot de inkomstförluster som riskerar att uppstå om verksamheten drabbas av ett avbrott. För att full försäkringsersättning ska utgå vid ett avbrott fordras emellertid att det försäkrade företaget inte, i strid med 8 kap. 11 § försäkringsavtalslagen (FAL), förvärrat det inträffade försäkringsfallet eller åsidosatt sin plikt att, enligt 8 kap. 13 § och 4 kap. 7 § FAL, minska den inträffade skadan. Om det försäkrade företaget förhåller sig helt eller åtminstone delvis passivt under ett avbrott, uppkommer frågan om hur denna passivitet ska bedömas. Syftet med uppsatsen är således att utreda frågan hur det försäkrade företaget måste agera för att uppfylla de ovan nämnda... (More)
Genom att teckna en avbrottsförsäkring kan ett företag skydda sig mot de inkomstförluster som riskerar att uppstå om verksamheten drabbas av ett avbrott. För att full försäkringsersättning ska utgå vid ett avbrott fordras emellertid att det försäkrade företaget inte, i strid med 8 kap. 11 § försäkringsavtalslagen (FAL), förvärrat det inträffade försäkringsfallet eller åsidosatt sin plikt att, enligt 8 kap. 13 § och 4 kap. 7 § FAL, minska den inträffade skadan. Om det försäkrade företaget förhåller sig helt eller åtminstone delvis passivt under ett avbrott, uppkommer frågan om hur denna passivitet ska bedömas. Syftet med uppsatsen är således att utreda frågan hur det försäkrade företaget måste agera för att uppfylla de ovan nämnda lagrummens krav på skadebegränsning vid ett inträffat avbrott, för att inte tvingas vidkännas en nedsättning av försäkringsersättningen.

De försäkringsvillkor som allmänt gäller för avbrottsförsäkring är tämligen komplicerade och en första del av uppsatsen ägnas således åt att undersöka hur dessa villkor påverkar den försäkrades möjligheter att agera skadebegränsande. Härvidlag framgår det av uppsatsen att det försäkrade företaget kan begränsa sin ersättningsgilla förlust dels genom att vidta åtgärder för att upprätthålla eller återuppta driften under avbrottet, dels genom att sänka sina fasta kostnader.

Även om rättsläget framstår som något oklart, tycks det försäkrade företagets underlåtenhet att vidta tillräckliga skadebegränsande åtgärder vid ett inträffat avbrott huvudsakligen vara att bedöma mot räddningsplikten enligt 8 kap. 13 § och 4 kap. 7 § FAL. Härvidlag intas ståndpunkten i uppsatsen att den försäkringsrättsliga räddningsplikten är underkastad en rimlighetsavvägning, vars innebörd vid avbrottsförsäkring delvis kan hämtas analogivis från vad som gäller för den inomkontraktuella skadebegränsningsplikt som kommer till uttryck i 70 § 1 st. köplagen. Ett viktigt ställningstagande i uppsatsen är att det försäkrade företaget i betydande utsträckning har rätt att prioritera sina egna intressen framför försäkringsbolagets, om en intressekollision uppstår i en avbrottssituation. Av stor betydelse för räddningsplikten vid avbrottsförsäkring är också försäkringsvillkorens reglering av rätten till ersättning för så kallade räddningskostnader. Denna kostnadsersättning tycks ofta kunna neutralisera intressekonflikter som annars skulle föreligga och därigenom medföra att vissa kostsamma räddningsåtgärder framstår som rimliga att kräva.

Räddningsplikten innefattar även vissa subjektiva rekvisit för att en nedsättning av försäkringsersättningen ska kunna äga rum. Det centrala i subjektivt hänseende torde vara frågan om huruvida företaget kan tillräknas en insikt om att det var möjligt att företa en viss skadebegränsande åtgärd eller ej. Avslutningsvis framstår det som att försäkringsbolaget, genom en aktiv skadereglering, i betydande utsträckning kan påverka innebörden av det avbrottsförsäkrade företagets räddningsplikt. (Less)
Abstract
By entering a business interruption insurance policy agreement, a company can protect itself against the risk of sustaining economic losses following an interruption of the company’s business. In order for the insured company to receive full compensation in the event of an interruption, the company must not, in violation of Section 11 of Chapter 8 of the Insurance Contracts Act (ICA), have exacerbated the consequences of the insured event. In addition to this, the insured company must not have contravened its duty to, in accordance with Section 13 of Chapter 8 and Section 7 of Chapter 4 of the ICA, mitigate its damages. This thesis investigates what the legal consequences are, if the company remains passive during an interruption of its... (More)
By entering a business interruption insurance policy agreement, a company can protect itself against the risk of sustaining economic losses following an interruption of the company’s business. In order for the insured company to receive full compensation in the event of an interruption, the company must not, in violation of Section 11 of Chapter 8 of the Insurance Contracts Act (ICA), have exacerbated the consequences of the insured event. In addition to this, the insured company must not have contravened its duty to, in accordance with Section 13 of Chapter 8 and Section 7 of Chapter 4 of the ICA, mitigate its damages. This thesis investigates what the legal consequences are, if the company remains passive during an interruption of its business. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to answer the question of how the insured company must act to limit its losses, in order to fulfil the requirements established in the two previously mentioned provisions of the ICA, and thereby receive full compensation for the losses incurred following an interruption?

The terms of a common business interruption insurance policy are fairly complicated. The first material part of the thesis is therefore devoted to an investigation of how these terms affect the possible methods that can be utilised by the company to mitigate its losses following an interruption. This investigation indicates that the company can reduce its recoverable losses either by taking measures that result in the maintenance or restoration of the business operations, or by taking measures that reduce the overhead expenses of the company.

Despite uncertainty in the current state of the law, my examination shows that it is mainly the duty to mitigate, as prescribed by Section 13 of Chapter 8 and Section 7 of Chapter 4 of the ICA, that is of relevance when the insured company fails to carry out sufficient measures to reduce its damages. In the thesis, it is argued that this provision of the ICA only requires that the insured company carries out measures that are reasonable. It is furthermore argued that, in the context of business interruption insurance, the reasonability criteria can, by means of analogy, to some extent derive its contents from the duty to mitigate that is prescribed within the law of contracts. The latter duty to mitigate is expressed in Section 70 of the Sales of Goods Act. It is shown in the thesis that the duty to mitigate damages, as prescribed in the ICA, to a considerable extent allows the insured company to prioritise its own interests over the interests of the insurance company, should a conflict of interest arise between the two parties. Furthermore, the terms of the common interruption insurance policies include a right for the insured company to be compensated for extra costs that it has incurred while performing a mitigating measure. The thesis indicates that this is of significant importance for the question of which measures that are reasonable to demand that the insured company undertakes. This is due to the fact that some costly measures may be seen as reasonable, just because the company will be compensated for them through its entitlement to compensation for extra costs.

The duty to mitigate, as prescribed by the ICA, also entails certain necessary prerequisites regarding the insured party’s intent, awareness of risk, or gross negligence. Even if the duty to mitigate has been breached, the amount of recoverable compensation cannot be reduced unless the company has also breached these necessary prerequisites. It is argued that the most central question that arises regarding these three prerequisites, is whether or not the insured company can be held to have understood that it was possible to carry out a certain mitigating measure or not. Finally, it appears that the insurance company can influence the application of the insured company’s duty to mitigate to a significant extent, through an active claims adjustment process. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Söderberg, Adam LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Business interruption insurance and reduction of losses - an investigation into the insured company's duty to act in order to reduce the consequences of an interruption
course
JURM02 20141
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
försäkringsrätt, insurance law, duty to mitigate, räddningsplikt
language
Swedish
id
4449569
date added to LUP
2014-06-12 09:02:32
date last changed
2014-06-12 09:02:32
@misc{4449569,
  abstract     = {{By entering a business interruption insurance policy agreement, a company can protect itself against the risk of sustaining economic losses following an interruption of the company’s business. In order for the insured company to receive full compensation in the event of an interruption, the company must not, in violation of Section 11 of Chapter 8 of the Insurance Contracts Act (ICA), have exacerbated the consequences of the insured event. In addition to this, the insured company must not have contravened its duty to, in accordance with Section 13 of Chapter 8 and Section 7 of Chapter 4 of the ICA, mitigate its damages. This thesis investigates what the legal consequences are, if the company remains passive during an interruption of its business. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to answer the question of how the insured company must act to limit its losses, in order to fulfil the requirements established in the two previously mentioned provisions of the ICA, and thereby receive full compensation for the losses incurred following an interruption?
 
The terms of a common business interruption insurance policy are fairly complicated. The first material part of the thesis is therefore devoted to an investigation of how these terms affect the possible methods that can be utilised by the company to mitigate its losses following an interruption. This investigation indicates that the company can reduce its recoverable losses either by taking measures that result in the maintenance or restoration of the business operations, or by taking measures that reduce the overhead expenses of the company. 

Despite uncertainty in the current state of the law, my examination shows that it is mainly the duty to mitigate, as prescribed by Section 13 of Chapter 8 and Section 7 of Chapter 4 of the ICA, that is of relevance when the insured company fails to carry out sufficient measures to reduce its damages. In the thesis, it is argued that this provision of the ICA only requires that the insured company carries out measures that are reasonable. It is furthermore argued that, in the context of business interruption insurance, the reasonability criteria can, by means of analogy, to some extent derive its contents from the duty to mitigate that is prescribed within the law of contracts. The latter duty to mitigate is expressed in Section 70 of the Sales of Goods Act. It is shown in the thesis that the duty to mitigate damages, as prescribed in the ICA, to a considerable extent allows the insured company to prioritise its own interests over the interests of the insurance company, should a conflict of interest arise between the two parties. Furthermore, the terms of the common interruption insurance policies include a right for the insured company to be compensated for extra costs that it has incurred while performing a mitigating measure. The thesis indicates that this is of significant importance for the question of which measures that are reasonable to demand that the insured company undertakes. This is due to the fact that some costly measures may be seen as reasonable, just because the company will be compensated for them through its entitlement to compensation for extra costs. 

The duty to mitigate, as prescribed by the ICA, also entails certain necessary prerequisites regarding the insured party’s intent, awareness of risk, or gross negligence. Even if the duty to mitigate has been breached, the amount of recoverable compensation cannot be reduced unless the company has also breached these necessary prerequisites. It is argued that the most central question that arises regarding these three prerequisites, is whether or not the insured company can be held to have understood that it was possible to carry out a certain mitigating measure or not. Finally, it appears that the insurance company can influence the application of the insured company’s duty to mitigate to a significant extent, through an active claims adjustment process.}},
  author       = {{Söderberg, Adam}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Avbrottsförsäkring och skadebegränsning – en undersökning av det försäkrade företagets plikt att agera för att begränsa verkningarna av ett avbrott}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}