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Hur ska framtidens äldreboende utformas? -En fallstudie gjord på tre äldreboenden i Sverige

Claesson Höjer, Amanda LU (2017) In TVBP VBEM01 20171
Construction Management
Abstract (Swedish)
Boendet har en stark koppling till äldres livskvalitet. Utformningen av äldres boendemiljö är viktig då de spenderar mycket tid i och i nära anslutning till boendet. Boendemiljön påverkar hur trygg den boende känner sig där exempelvis hala golv eller dålig belysning kan skapa en känsla av otrygghet.
Sveriges befolkning ökar och antalet invånare över 65 väntas öka från 1,9 miljoner 2014 till 3 miljoner 2060. Med en ökande äldre befolkning måste det byggas fler äldreboenden och regeringen håller på att ta fram en nationell kvalitetsplan för att se över de olika boendeformerna och de vill även se hur användningen av ny teknik kan främjas. Utvecklingen av äldreboenden har gått framåt. År 1920 var lägenheterna runt nio kvadratmeter och idag... (More)
Boendet har en stark koppling till äldres livskvalitet. Utformningen av äldres boendemiljö är viktig då de spenderar mycket tid i och i nära anslutning till boendet. Boendemiljön påverkar hur trygg den boende känner sig där exempelvis hala golv eller dålig belysning kan skapa en känsla av otrygghet.
Sveriges befolkning ökar och antalet invånare över 65 väntas öka från 1,9 miljoner 2014 till 3 miljoner 2060. Med en ökande äldre befolkning måste det byggas fler äldreboenden och regeringen håller på att ta fram en nationell kvalitetsplan för att se över de olika boendeformerna och de vill även se hur användningen av ny teknik kan främjas. Utvecklingen av äldreboenden har gått framåt. År 1920 var lägenheterna runt nio kvadratmeter och idag är rummen oftast över 30 kvadratmeter med pentry och badrum. Socialstyrelsen har gjort flera undersökningar om hur äldre upplever sin boendesituation. Undersökningarna visar att över 60 procent av de äldre på vård- och omsorgsboende känner oro och är ensamma.
Utifrån intervjuer som utförts på tre olika äldreboenden, Boklunden i Burlöv, Trädgårdarna i Örebro och Vikaholmsallén i Växjö har ett resultat erhållits av vilka preferenser det finns över hur framtidens äldreboende ska utformas. Generellt sett är den äldre befolkningen en grupp som har väldigt individuella preferenser. Det finns några faktorer som trygghet, att boendet är personligt anpassat och att få bo tillsammans med andra, som många äldre föredrar. Äldre efterfrågar mer inflytande över sin boendesituation och fler boendeformer att välja på. Då andelen dementa ökar kommer det att krävas att fler boenden demensanpassas.
Det som äldre värderar allra mest med sitt boende är utemiljön. De trädgårdar som byggs på dagens äldreboenden har mycket grönska, sittplatser och möjlighet till aktivitet. Det finns även en stor vilja att använda digitala skärmar, framför allt som minnesstöd, och för att lättare kunna kommunicera. Personalen efterfrågar ett system där de kan signera medicin och dokumentera enkelt på en digital skärm. För att få ut det mesta möjliga av den nya tekniken behövs större kunskap om vad som finns tillgängligt samt samarbete mellan olika aktörer för att alla verktyg ska fungera tillsammans. Dimmers på belysningen uppskattas där det finns och är efterfrågat där det inte finns.
Det som de flesta anser ge ett dåligt intryck på äldreboenden är korridorer vilka uppfattas som institutionella. De bidrar till att personalen får gå långa sträckor mellan de boendes rum och gör det svårare för äldre med kognitiva funktionsnedsättningar som demens att orientera sig och hitta till gemensamma ytor. En planlösning där de allmänna utrymmena är i centrum och alla boenderum ligger i direkt anslutning till de allmänna ytorna är att föredra. De olika lås som finns på äldreboenden tycker personal generellt sett fungerar bra men det finns en stor skillnad mellan olika boenden vad som används och behövs. På boenden som ligger i stadsmiljö bör det finnas kamera på porttelefonen och i vissa fall även övervakningskamera i foajén för att personalen ska känna sig trygg. Trägolv eller träliknande golv uppfattas ge ett trevligt och hemlikt intryck. De ytskikt på golv som finns idag upplevs dock av personalen ofta som svårstädade och som att de slits snabbt. Det finns ett intresse av stötdämpande golv som ska minska risken för frakturer vid fall men många efterfrågar fler studier på hållbarhet och kostnadseffektivitet. (Less)
Abstract
The living environment has a strong connection with elderly's quality of life. The design of the elderly housing environment is important as they spend a lot of time in and near their home. The housing environment affects how safe the residents feel, for example slippery floors or poor lighting can create an insecurity.
Sweden's population is increasing and the population of those over 65 is expected to increase from 1.9 million in 2014 to 3 million by 2060. With an increasing elderly population, more housing needs to be built and the government is developing a national quality plan to review the different types of housing and they also want to see how the use of new technologies can be promoted. The development of retirement homes has... (More)
The living environment has a strong connection with elderly's quality of life. The design of the elderly housing environment is important as they spend a lot of time in and near their home. The housing environment affects how safe the residents feel, for example slippery floors or poor lighting can create an insecurity.
Sweden's population is increasing and the population of those over 65 is expected to increase from 1.9 million in 2014 to 3 million by 2060. With an increasing elderly population, more housing needs to be built and the government is developing a national quality plan to review the different types of housing and they also want to see how the use of new technologies can be promoted. The development of retirement homes has moved forward during the last couple of years. In 1920 the apartments were around nine square meters and today the rooms are usually over 30 square meters with kitchenette and bathroom. The National Board of Health and Welfare has conducted several studies on how older people experience their housing situation. The studies show that over 60 percent of the elderly in care and care homes feel worried and lonely.
Based on interviews conducted at three different retirement homes, Boklunden in Burlöv, Trädgårdarna in Örebro and Vikaholmsallén in Växjö, a result of what preferences that staff, older people and the municipalities have on the future nursing homes has been obtained. Generally, the older population is a group that has very individual preferences. There are some factors such as security, that the accommodation is personally adapted and living with others that most elderly people prefers. Older people want more influence over their housing situation and more housing options to choose from. As the number of elderly with dementia increases, more nursing homes will need to be adjusted to fit their needs.
What the elderly value most with their home is the outdoor environment. The gardens built on today's retirement homes have a lot of vegetation, seating and opportunity for activity. There is also a great desire to use digital displays, especially as memory support and for easier communication. The staff would like a system where they can sign medications and easily document on a digital screen. To make the most of the new technology, more knowledge is needed about what is available and cooperation between different companies for all applications to work together. Dimmers on the lighting are valued where they are installed and wanted where they are not.
What most people consider to be negative in the living environment are corridors which gives the impression of an institution. Corridors make the staff walk long distances and make it more difficult for people with cognitive impairments such as dementia to orient themselves and find common areas. A floor plan where the common areas are at the center and all the living rooms are located directly adjacent to the living room and kitchen is preferred. The different locks found in the nursing homes generally work well, but there is a big difference between different homes what is needed and used. At homes located in the central part of a town a camera on the port phone and, in some cases, surveillance cameras in the foyer are recommended to make the staff feel safe. Wooden floors or wood-like floors are perceived to give a nice and homely impression. However, the surface layers on floors that are present today are often experienced by the staff as hard to clean and that they get worn out fast. There is an interest in shock absorbing floors that will reduce the risk of fractures in case of fall, but many of the interviewed would like to see more studies on sustainability and cost-effectiveness. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Claesson Höjer, Amanda LU
supervisor
organization
course
VBEM01 20171
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
publication/series
TVBP
report number
17/5555
ISSN
1651-0380
language
Swedish
additional info
Handledare: Stefan Olander
Examinator: Radhlinah Aulin
id
8918926
date added to LUP
2017-06-30 09:11:58
date last changed
2019-10-08 09:58:19
@misc{8918926,
  abstract     = {{The living environment has a strong connection with elderly's quality of life. The design of the elderly housing environment is important as they spend a lot of time in and near their home. The housing environment affects how safe the residents feel, for example slippery floors or poor lighting can create an insecurity.
Sweden's population is increasing and the population of those over 65 is expected to increase from 1.9 million in 2014 to 3 million by 2060. With an increasing elderly population, more housing needs to be built and the government is developing a national quality plan to review the different types of housing and they also want to see how the use of new technologies can be promoted. The development of retirement homes has moved forward during the last couple of years. In 1920 the apartments were around nine square meters and today the rooms are usually over 30 square meters with kitchenette and bathroom. The National Board of Health and Welfare has conducted several studies on how older people experience their housing situation. The studies show that over 60 percent of the elderly in care and care homes feel worried and lonely.
Based on interviews conducted at three different retirement homes, Boklunden in Burlöv, Trädgårdarna in Örebro and Vikaholmsallén in Växjö, a result of what preferences that staff, older people and the municipalities have on the future nursing homes has been obtained. Generally, the older population is a group that has very individual preferences. There are some factors such as security, that the accommodation is personally adapted and living with others that most elderly people prefers. Older people want more influence over their housing situation and more housing options to choose from. As the number of elderly with dementia increases, more nursing homes will need to be adjusted to fit their needs. 
What the elderly value most with their home is the outdoor environment. The gardens built on today's retirement homes have a lot of vegetation, seating and opportunity for activity. There is also a great desire to use digital displays, especially as memory support and for easier communication. The staff would like a system where they can sign medications and easily document on a digital screen. To make the most of the new technology, more knowledge is needed about what is available and cooperation between different companies for all applications to work together. Dimmers on the lighting are valued where they are installed and wanted where they are not. 
What most people consider to be negative in the living environment are corridors which gives the impression of an institution. Corridors make the staff walk long distances and make it more difficult for people with cognitive impairments such as dementia to orient themselves and find common areas. A floor plan where the common areas are at the center and all the living rooms are located directly adjacent to the living room and kitchen is preferred. The different locks found in the nursing homes generally work well, but there is a big difference between different homes what is needed and used. At homes located in the central part of a town a camera on the port phone and, in some cases, surveillance cameras in the foyer are recommended to make the staff feel safe. Wooden floors or wood-like floors are perceived to give a nice and homely impression. However, the surface layers on floors that are present today are often experienced by the staff as hard to clean and that they get worn out fast. There is an interest in shock absorbing floors that will reduce the risk of fractures in case of fall, but many of the interviewed would like to see more studies on sustainability and cost-effectiveness.}},
  author       = {{Claesson Höjer, Amanda}},
  issn         = {{1651-0380}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  series       = {{TVBP}},
  title        = {{Hur ska framtidens äldreboende utformas? -En fallstudie gjord på tre äldreboenden i Sverige}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}