Skip to main content

LUP Student Papers

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Erkännande av presumtiva stater - En kritisk analys av erkännandeteoriernas konsekvenser

Dieden Sandell, Einar LU (2018) LAGF03 20181
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Uppsatsen behandlar det ständigt aktuella ämnet om bildandet av nya stater. Syftet är att undersöka vad ett erkännande betyder i processen för en stats bildande. Trots ämnets relevans för folkrätten är det ett till stor del oreglerat ämne där två motstående teorier har olika svar på samma problem.

Efter att det redogjorts för Montevideokonventionens kriterier, behandlar uppsatsen de båda erkännandeteorierna; den deklarativa och den konstitutiva. Enligt den deklarativa teorin kan en stat existera redan innan den erkänts från omvärlden, och det är existerande staters skyldighet att erkänna en stat som uppfyller de folkrättsliga kriterierna. Den konstitutiva menar istället att en stat kommer till existens genom omvärldens erkännande, och... (More)
Uppsatsen behandlar det ständigt aktuella ämnet om bildandet av nya stater. Syftet är att undersöka vad ett erkännande betyder i processen för en stats bildande. Trots ämnets relevans för folkrätten är det ett till stor del oreglerat ämne där två motstående teorier har olika svar på samma problem.

Efter att det redogjorts för Montevideokonventionens kriterier, behandlar uppsatsen de båda erkännandeteorierna; den deklarativa och den konstitutiva. Enligt den deklarativa teorin kan en stat existera redan innan den erkänts från omvärlden, och det är existerande staters skyldighet att erkänna en stat som uppfyller de folkrättsliga kriterierna. Den konstitutiva menar istället att en stat kommer till existens genom omvärldens erkännande, och att det ligger inom de existerande staternas diskretion att avgöra om och när ett erkännande ska ges till en presumtiv stat.

En genomgång av ett antal självständighetssträvande presumtiva stater från de senaste decennierna ger underlag för en kritisk analys av statspraxis. Analysen leder till slutsatsen att det är den konstitutiva teorin som åtnjuter mest stöd. Vidare belyser den flera konsekvenser vid teoriernas praktiska tillämpning. En jämförelse mellan Somaliland och Kosovo å ena sidan och Sydsudan å den andra, tyder även på att moderstatens erkännande är ett avgörande kriterium för en presumtiv stat som vill uppnå självständighet på fredlig väg.

Som Europeiska Ministerrådets riktlinjer för erkännande ger vid handen, har befintliga stater möjlighet att ställa politiska krav på presumtiva stater för att de ska beviljas erkännande. Genom sitt internationella inflytande kan existerande stormakter utnyttja denna rådande ordning genom att mer eller mindre styra vilka stater som blir erkända och vilka politiska krav som ska ställas på dessa. Eftersom rättsutvecklingen i hög grad styrs av staternas agerande och praxis, har dessa stater möjlighet att utforma rätten som de vill. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
This essay deals with the constantly relevant topic of the creation of new states. The purpose of the essay is to examine what relevance a recognition has in the creation of a new state. Despite the relevance of the topic in international law, it is a largely unregulated area with two opposing theories proposing different answers to the same problem.

After describing the criteria in the Montevideo Convention, the essay deals with the two recognition theories; the declarative and the constitutive theory. According to the declarative theory, a state can exist before receiving inter-national recognition, and it is the duty of the existing states to recognize a presumptive state if it satisfies the criteria of the Montevideo Convention. The... (More)
This essay deals with the constantly relevant topic of the creation of new states. The purpose of the essay is to examine what relevance a recognition has in the creation of a new state. Despite the relevance of the topic in international law, it is a largely unregulated area with two opposing theories proposing different answers to the same problem.

After describing the criteria in the Montevideo Convention, the essay deals with the two recognition theories; the declarative and the constitutive theory. According to the declarative theory, a state can exist before receiving inter-national recognition, and it is the duty of the existing states to recognize a presumptive state if it satisfies the criteria of the Montevideo Convention. The constitutive theory on the other hand, claims that a state cannot exist before receiving international recognition, and it is within the discretion of the existing states to decide whether and when to grant a presumptive state recognition.

A review of a number of presumptive states seeking independence provides the basis for a critical analysis of state practice. The analysis concludes that the constitutive theory is the one which gains the most support. Furthermore, it highlights several consequences of both theories when applied in practice. A comparison between Somaliland and Kosovo on the one hand, and South Sudan on the other, shows that the recognition of the mother state is crucial in order for a presumptive state to achieve independence by peaceful means.

As the guidelines of the European Council suggests, existing states have the possibility to condition recognition of presumptive states with political demands. By using their influence, the great powers can take advantage of the current order and control which states to recognize and what political de-mands to make. Since the development in the law is in the hands of the actors, these great powers have the opportunity to shape the law as they please. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Dieden Sandell, Einar LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20181
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Folkrätt
language
Swedish
id
8940668
date added to LUP
2018-06-28 13:19:09
date last changed
2018-06-28 13:19:09
@misc{8940668,
  abstract     = {{This essay deals with the constantly relevant topic of the creation of new states. The purpose of the essay is to examine what relevance a recognition has in the creation of a new state. Despite the relevance of the topic in international law, it is a largely unregulated area with two opposing theories proposing different answers to the same problem.

After describing the criteria in the Montevideo Convention, the essay deals with the two recognition theories; the declarative and the constitutive theory. According to the declarative theory, a state can exist before receiving inter-national recognition, and it is the duty of the existing states to recognize a presumptive state if it satisfies the criteria of the Montevideo Convention. The constitutive theory on the other hand, claims that a state cannot exist before receiving international recognition, and it is within the discretion of the existing states to decide whether and when to grant a presumptive state recognition. 

A review of a number of presumptive states seeking independence provides the basis for a critical analysis of state practice. The analysis concludes that the constitutive theory is the one which gains the most support. Furthermore, it highlights several consequences of both theories when applied in practice. A comparison between Somaliland and Kosovo on the one hand, and South Sudan on the other, shows that the recognition of the mother state is crucial in order for a presumptive state to achieve independence by peaceful means. 

As the guidelines of the European Council suggests, existing states have the possibility to condition recognition of presumptive states with political demands. By using their influence, the great powers can take advantage of the current order and control which states to recognize and what political de-mands to make. Since the development in the law is in the hands of the actors, these great powers have the opportunity to shape the law as they please.}},
  author       = {{Dieden Sandell, Einar}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Erkännande av presumtiva stater - En kritisk analys av erkännandeteoriernas konsekvenser}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}