Attraktiv stad med spårväg - En litteraturstudie
(2018)- Abstract
- Internationally there has been a growing interest of tramways the past decades. Swedish cities have taken notice of the positive characteristics that tramway have on cities and many of them has also begun investigations for future projects including tramway. The purpose of this study was to investigate in which ways tramways can contribute in creating attractive cities. The work consists mainly of a literature study based on previous studies, planning documents, supporting reports and scientific articles. The results of this study indicate that tramways have a positive impact on the urban environment; - both as a means of transport with good environmental characteristics and high capacity, as well as a means for urban transformation.... (More)
- Internationally there has been a growing interest of tramways the past decades. Swedish cities have taken notice of the positive characteristics that tramway have on cities and many of them has also begun investigations for future projects including tramway. The purpose of this study was to investigate in which ways tramways can contribute in creating attractive cities. The work consists mainly of a literature study based on previous studies, planning documents, supporting reports and scientific articles. The results of this study indicate that tramways have a positive impact on the urban environment; - both as a means of transport with good environmental characteristics and high capacity, as well as a means for urban transformation. Tramway is a mean of transportation which is flexible and that can be established in a variety of ways. The way its established can amongst other things contribute to the making of a tramway with less visual intrusion in the city as well as the making of an attractive urban area. The report presents several examples of how this can be achieved. It is important that the tramway gets its rightful space in the city and that it is integrated in a way that doesn’t cause barrier effects. Its final presentation is heavily affected by how its design work has been carried out. It’s important that the design work begins early, preferably at the initial stage of the project, and continues throughout the design process. Doing so contributes to a better final product and an opportunity to introduce solutions that engineers otherwise would have missed. Good infrastructure architecture is said to be created in interaction between all those who are planning, building and maintaining the infrastructure. The construction principles street track and secluded tracks provide good opportunities for a good integration of the tramway in the city without causing barrier effects. Parts of the stretch where a lot of people will cross, the track area should consist of solid ground material that makes it easy to cross the track. For other parts of the stretch with less crossing traffic, the track should be placed in grass surface with well localized passages for those who are walking or cycling. Many cities are covered with an unnecessary amount of gray hard surfaces. When building new tramways or expanding existing ones there are good opportunities to introduce new greenery in the city in the form of grass and tree plantations that should be utilized. Greenery has been shown to have positive effects on human health and their well-being, as well as contributing to attractive cities. Grass is said to have a certain noise-dampening effect and it also allows for delayed water intrusion which can reduce the load on the city main. Trees have been shown to mitigate the impact of climate change, reduce winds, give shade as well as reduce the perception of noise. They can also be utilized to reduce the visual impression of the tramway catenary system. Tramway stops can be designed in a variety of ways, from simple solutions to designs that can be considered works of art. Elevated platform in combination with low vehicle flooring brings plant entry, which contributes to smooth passenger change. Tramway stops should be oversized in relation to its expected passenger flows to reduce crowding. The location of the stops has a major impact on how attractive the public transport is perceived by the public and should therefore be placed logically in the city in relation to important places. The tramways catenary system can pose a disturbing element in the urban environment, with the introduction of posts and conduits in the city. Its visual intrusion can be reduced and become more natural by taking actions, which reduces the number of necessary posts in the city, as well with certain choice of color, shape of posts, tension control devices and catenary height. The use of catenaries can be eliminated with the usage of alternative power supply methods such as APS, which supplies electricity through a third rail at ground level, or the use of battery powered trams. Such alternative power supply methods can be motivated if the tram is to cross sensitive urban environments with cultural worth. Such systems are untested in Sweden and require further investigation. Keywords: Tramway, urban planning, attractive city, attractive urban area. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8951541
- author
- Karlsson, Olle
- year
- 2018
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- spårväg, stadsplanering, attraktiv stad, attraktiv stadsmiljö
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 8951541
- date added to LUP
- 2018-06-20 03:45:16
- date last changed
- 2018-10-18 10:38:19
@misc{8951541,
abstract = {{Internationally there has been a growing interest of tramways the past decades. Swedish cities have taken notice of the positive characteristics that tramway have on cities and many of them has also begun investigations for future projects including tramway. The purpose of this study was to investigate in which ways tramways can contribute in creating attractive cities. The work consists mainly of a literature study based on previous studies, planning documents, supporting reports and scientific articles. The results of this study indicate that tramways have a positive impact on the urban environment; - both as a means of transport with good environmental characteristics and high capacity, as well as a means for urban transformation. Tramway is a mean of transportation which is flexible and that can be established in a variety of ways. The way its established can amongst other things contribute to the making of a tramway with less visual intrusion in the city as well as the making of an attractive urban area. The report presents several examples of how this can be achieved. It is important that the tramway gets its rightful space in the city and that it is integrated in a way that doesn’t cause barrier effects. Its final presentation is heavily affected by how its design work has been carried out. It’s important that the design work begins early, preferably at the initial stage of the project, and continues throughout the design process. Doing so contributes to a better final product and an opportunity to introduce solutions that engineers otherwise would have missed. Good infrastructure architecture is said to be created in interaction between all those who are planning, building and maintaining the infrastructure. The construction principles street track and secluded tracks provide good opportunities for a good integration of the tramway in the city without causing barrier effects. Parts of the stretch where a lot of people will cross, the track area should consist of solid ground material that makes it easy to cross the track. For other parts of the stretch with less crossing traffic, the track should be placed in grass surface with well localized passages for those who are walking or cycling. Many cities are covered with an unnecessary amount of gray hard surfaces. When building new tramways or expanding existing ones there are good opportunities to introduce new greenery in the city in the form of grass and tree plantations that should be utilized. Greenery has been shown to have positive effects on human health and their well-being, as well as contributing to attractive cities. Grass is said to have a certain noise-dampening effect and it also allows for delayed water intrusion which can reduce the load on the city main. Trees have been shown to mitigate the impact of climate change, reduce winds, give shade as well as reduce the perception of noise. They can also be utilized to reduce the visual impression of the tramway catenary system. Tramway stops can be designed in a variety of ways, from simple solutions to designs that can be considered works of art. Elevated platform in combination with low vehicle flooring brings plant entry, which contributes to smooth passenger change. Tramway stops should be oversized in relation to its expected passenger flows to reduce crowding. The location of the stops has a major impact on how attractive the public transport is perceived by the public and should therefore be placed logically in the city in relation to important places. The tramways catenary system can pose a disturbing element in the urban environment, with the introduction of posts and conduits in the city. Its visual intrusion can be reduced and become more natural by taking actions, which reduces the number of necessary posts in the city, as well with certain choice of color, shape of posts, tension control devices and catenary height. The use of catenaries can be eliminated with the usage of alternative power supply methods such as APS, which supplies electricity through a third rail at ground level, or the use of battery powered trams. Such alternative power supply methods can be motivated if the tram is to cross sensitive urban environments with cultural worth. Such systems are untested in Sweden and require further investigation. Keywords: Tramway, urban planning, attractive city, attractive urban area.}},
author = {{Karlsson, Olle}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Attraktiv stad med spårväg - En litteraturstudie}},
year = {{2018}},
}