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Konkurrensen om kvarlåtenskapen - en jämförelse av särkullbarns och gemensamma barns rätt till arv i förhållande till efterlevande makes arvsrätt

Stern Olsson, Caroline LU (2018) JURM02 20182
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
The Swedish succession law is characterized by strong structures and slow changes. The legislation has not been subject of any major reform since the beginning of the 20th century. Therefore, the current legislation is characterized by elements of old norms and structures. These old norms and structures are challenged and debated today, both in the media and in political bodies. This thesis highlights the part of the debate that concerns the competitive relationship between the children of the decedent and the surviving spouse.

The aim is to identify the underlying norms that has affected the legislation, both historically and today. Particular attention has been paid to the decedent's children born outside the current marriage in... (More)
The Swedish succession law is characterized by strong structures and slow changes. The legislation has not been subject of any major reform since the beginning of the 20th century. Therefore, the current legislation is characterized by elements of old norms and structures. These old norms and structures are challenged and debated today, both in the media and in political bodies. This thesis highlights the part of the debate that concerns the competitive relationship between the children of the decedent and the surviving spouse.

The aim is to identify the underlying norms that has affected the legislation, both historically and today. Particular attention has been paid to the decedent's children born outside the current marriage in comparison with the spouses' shared children regarding their right to inheritance. The comparison is made in relation to the surviving spouse's right to inheritance. A legal dogmatic method is used to establish current law, while a legal historical method is used to investigate the historical development. However, to achieve the purpose of the thesis, a legal analytical method is primarily used. This involves critically studying the legislation from an external perspective and with other sciences. As a support science, I have chosen sociology of law and Anna Christensen's theory on normative patterns.

Children have historically been treated differently in the Swedish succession law. Today all children are basically treated the same. However, differences arise when compared with the surviving spouse's inheritance rights. The construction with secondary inheritance for the spouses’ shared children works in favor of the surviving spouse and entails a much stronger right to inheritance for children born outside the current marriage than for the shared children. With the theory on normative patterns, I have mainly identified the pattern of protection for established position in the legislation, both historically and today. However, the position given the strongest protection has varied, somewhat depending on which other normative patterns have influenced the legislation. The spouses' shared children have gone from enjoying the strongest protection for established position to the weakest, while I think the situation for children born outside the current marriage is the opposite. The decisive factor is the enhanced protection for established position given to surviving spouses through the system with secondary inheritance, at the expense of the protection of the spouses' shared children.

The final aim of this thesis is to do a critical examination of the legal framework. Here I discuss whether a new legislation in the field of succession may be relevant based on society's normative and structural development over the years. Foremost, I discuss the continued existence of the children's statutory portion and the right of a child born outside the current marriage to receive their inheritance directly at the time of the parent's death. In this context, I think that in the light of the development of society there is reason for a new investigation of the Swedish succession law and how it should be in the future. I justify this conclusion with the major changes that have occurred in society since the introduction of the rules. Today we have a significantly higher average life expectancy. At the same time, family constellations including children born outside the current marriage are not uncommon in society today. However, in case of a possible removal of the children's statutory portion and the right of children born outside the current marriage to receive their part of the estate directly, considerations are required. These reforms would mean a greatly increased protection for the surviving spouse's established position, while the protection for the children decreases. There are therefore reasons to consider how this can be compensated. A few such suggestions are mentioned at the end of the thesis. No matter what, a balance between the different interests needs to be made for securing the legitimacy of the legislation. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Den svenska arvsrätten kännetecknas av sega strukturer och långsamma förändringar. Reglerna har inte varit föremål för någon omfattande reform sedan början av 1900-talet. Nuvarande lagstiftning präglas därför av inslag från gamla normer och strukturer. Dessa gamla normer och strukturer utmanas och debatteras idag flitigt såväl i media som i de politiska organen. Den här framställningen belyser den del av debatten som berör det konkurrensförhållande som råder mellan arvlåtarens barn och efterlevande make inom arvsrätten.

Uppsatsen syftar till att identifiera de bakomliggande normer som har påverkat lagstiftningen, både historiskt sett och idag. Jag har lagt särskilt fokus på särkullbarns rätt till arv i jämförelse med makarnas... (More)
Den svenska arvsrätten kännetecknas av sega strukturer och långsamma förändringar. Reglerna har inte varit föremål för någon omfattande reform sedan början av 1900-talet. Nuvarande lagstiftning präglas därför av inslag från gamla normer och strukturer. Dessa gamla normer och strukturer utmanas och debatteras idag flitigt såväl i media som i de politiska organen. Den här framställningen belyser den del av debatten som berör det konkurrensförhållande som råder mellan arvlåtarens barn och efterlevande make inom arvsrätten.

Uppsatsen syftar till att identifiera de bakomliggande normer som har påverkat lagstiftningen, både historiskt sett och idag. Jag har lagt särskilt fokus på särkullbarns rätt till arv i jämförelse med makarnas gemensamma barns arvsrätt. Jämförelsen görs i förhållande till efterlevande makes rätt till arv. En rättsdogmatisk metod används för att fastställa gällande rätt, medan rättshistorisk metod används för att undersöka rättens historiska utveckling. För att uppnå uppsatsens syfte används dock främst en rättsanalytisk metod, vilken inbegriper att kritisk granska lagstiftningen ur ett utifrånperspektiv och med andra vetenskaper till hjälp. Som stödvetenskap har jag valt rättssociologin och Anna Christensens teori om normativa grundmönster.

Bröstarvingar har historiskt sett behandlats olika i den arvsrättsliga regleringen. Idag är gemensamma barn och särkullbarn i grunden likställda i lagstiftningen. Stora skillnader träder dock fram vid jämförelse med efterlevande makes arvsrätt. Konstruktionen med efterarv för gemensamma barn till förmån för efterlevande make innebär en betydligt starkare rätt till arv för särkullbarn än för gemensamma barn. Men hjälp av teorin om normativa grundmönster har jag främst återfunnit mönstret skydd för etablerad position i lagstiftningen, såväl historiskt sett som idag. Vems position som prioriterats högst och getts starkast skydd har dock varierat och till viss del påverkats av vilka andra grundmönster som influerat lagstiftningen. Gemensamma barn har gått från att uppbära det starkaste skyddet för etablerad position till det svagaste, medan jag anser att situationen för särkullbarn är den motsatta. Den avgörande faktorn är det förstärkta skydd för etablerad position som getts till efterlevande make genom efterarvssystemet, på bekostnad av skyddet för gemensamma barn.

Framställningens sista frågeställning utgörs av en kritisk granskning av gällande rätt. Här för jag en diskussion kring huruvida en ny lagstiftning på det arvsrättsliga området kan vara aktuell utifrån samhällets normativa och strukturella utveckling under åren. Främst förs diskussion kring laglottens fortsatta existens samt särkullbarnens rätt att få ta del av sitt arv direkt vid förälderns död. Här menar jag att det mot bakgrund av samhällets utveckling finns anledning att tillsätta en ny utredning av arvsrätten och hur den bör se ut i framtiden. Den slutsatsen motiverar jag med de stora förändringar som skett i samhället sedan reglerna infördes. Idag har vi en betydligt högre medellivslängd. Samtidigt är familjekonstellationer innefattande särkullbarn inte ovanliga i dagens samhälle. Vid ett eventuellt borttagande av laglotten och särkullbarns rätt att få ut sin del av kvarlåtenskapen direkt krävs dock avvägningar. Dessa reformer skulle innebära ett starkt ökat skydd för efterlevande makes skydd för etablerad position, medan skyddet för bröstarvingarna minskar. Det finns därför anledningar att fundera över hur detta kan kompenseras. Några sådana förslag nämner jag i slutet av uppsatsen. Oavsett vad behöver en avvägning göras för att inte riskera att lagstiftningen förlorar sin legitimitet. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Stern Olsson, Caroline LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Competition about the estate - a comparision regarding the right to inheritance between children born outside the current marriage and the spouses' shared children in relation to the surviving spouse
course
JURM02 20182
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
arvsrätt, familjerätt, särkullbarn, efterlevande make, normativa grundmönster
language
Swedish
id
8966040
date added to LUP
2019-01-30 19:03:24
date last changed
2019-01-30 19:03:24
@misc{8966040,
  abstract     = {{The Swedish succession law is characterized by strong structures and slow changes. The legislation has not been subject of any major reform since the beginning of the 20th century. Therefore, the current legislation is characterized by elements of old norms and structures. These old norms and structures are challenged and debated today, both in the media and in political bodies. This thesis highlights the part of the debate that concerns the competitive relationship between the children of the decedent and the surviving spouse.

The aim is to identify the underlying norms that has affected the legislation, both historically and today. Particular attention has been paid to the decedent's children born outside the current marriage in comparison with the spouses' shared children regarding their right to inheritance. The comparison is made in relation to the surviving spouse's right to inheritance. A legal dogmatic method is used to establish current law, while a legal historical method is used to investigate the historical development. However, to achieve the purpose of the thesis, a legal analytical method is primarily used. This involves critically studying the legislation from an external perspective and with other sciences. As a support science, I have chosen sociology of law and Anna Christensen's theory on normative patterns.

Children have historically been treated differently in the Swedish succession law. Today all children are basically treated the same. However, differences arise when compared with the surviving spouse's inheritance rights. The construction with secondary inheritance for the spouses’ shared children works in favor of the surviving spouse and entails a much stronger right to inheritance for children born outside the current marriage than for the shared children. With the theory on normative patterns, I have mainly identified the pattern of protection for established position in the legislation, both historically and today. However, the position given the strongest protection has varied, somewhat depending on which other normative patterns have influenced the legislation. The spouses' shared children have gone from enjoying the strongest protection for established position to the weakest, while I think the situation for children born outside the current marriage is the opposite. The decisive factor is the enhanced protection for established position given to surviving spouses through the system with secondary inheritance, at the expense of the protection of the spouses' shared children.

The final aim of this thesis is to do a critical examination of the legal framework. Here I discuss whether a new legislation in the field of succession may be relevant based on society's normative and structural development over the years. Foremost, I discuss the continued existence of the children's statutory portion and the right of a child born outside the current marriage to receive their inheritance directly at the time of the parent's death. In this context, I think that in the light of the development of society there is reason for a new investigation of the Swedish succession law and how it should be in the future. I justify this conclusion with the major changes that have occurred in society since the introduction of the rules. Today we have a significantly higher average life expectancy. At the same time, family constellations including children born outside the current marriage are not uncommon in society today. However, in case of a possible removal of the children's statutory portion and the right of children born outside the current marriage to receive their part of the estate directly, considerations are required. These reforms would mean a greatly increased protection for the surviving spouse's established position, while the protection for the children decreases. There are therefore reasons to consider how this can be compensated. A few such suggestions are mentioned at the end of the thesis. No matter what, a balance between the different interests needs to be made for securing the legitimacy of the legislation.}},
  author       = {{Stern Olsson, Caroline}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Konkurrensen om kvarlåtenskapen - en jämförelse av särkullbarns och gemensamma barns rätt till arv i förhållande till efterlevande makes arvsrätt}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}