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Vindkraft och Samer - En hållbar utveckling på bekostnad av Sveriges ursprungsbefolkning?

Modéer, Morgan LU (2018) JURM02 20182
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Samerna är Sveriges ursprungsfolk och har bebott samt brukat sina traditionella marker i Norra Sverige sedan en lång tid tillbaka. När landet Sverige växte fram började det med tiden utöva inflytande över samerna och påverka deras kultur genom politik som varierat under åren. Samerna har trots assimileringspolitik i det nära förflutna behållit sitt språk och sina traditioner. Även om de fortfarande står inför utmaningar är de idag fortfarande ett urskiljbart folk. Sveriges inställning till sitt ursprungsfolk är idag mer fyllt av välvilja och samerna åtnjuter en särställning med syftet att skydda och bevara deras möjligheter till att fortsätta vara samer. Sverige har dock från internationellt håll och samerna själva fått ta emot kritik... (More)
Samerna är Sveriges ursprungsfolk och har bebott samt brukat sina traditionella marker i Norra Sverige sedan en lång tid tillbaka. När landet Sverige växte fram började det med tiden utöva inflytande över samerna och påverka deras kultur genom politik som varierat under åren. Samerna har trots assimileringspolitik i det nära förflutna behållit sitt språk och sina traditioner. Även om de fortfarande står inför utmaningar är de idag fortfarande ett urskiljbart folk. Sveriges inställning till sitt ursprungsfolk är idag mer fyllt av välvilja och samerna åtnjuter en särställning med syftet att skydda och bevara deras möjligheter till att fortsätta vara samer. Sverige har dock från internationellt håll och samerna själva fått ta emot kritik gällande regler och politik. Samerna har nämligen i egenskap av att de är ursprungsfolk vissa rättigheter enligt internationell rätt som kritikerna inte menar tillgodoses av det svenska systemet.

Syftet med arbetet har varit att jämföra det svenska skyddet för samernas intressen med det skydd som följer av internationell rätt och internationella förpliktelser. Det specifika skydd och rättigheter som arbetet inriktat sig till att utreda är det skydd samerna har för sitt traditionella bruk av sina traditionella marker när detta ställs mot andra markanvändningar. En ytterligare avgränsning har utgjorts av att arbetet fokuserar på de mål där det motstående markanvändningsintresset utgörs av vindkraftparker vilka syftar till att utöka Sveriges tillgång till förnybar energi. Att samernas intresse ställs mot vindkraft och förnybar energi innebär nämligen ett intressant dilemma då bägge syften har mina sympatier.

Frågeställningarna har handlat om hur samernas skydd regleras i nationell rätt, hur effektivt det är samt vad för rättigheter de har enligt internationell rätt och regionala konventioner. Dessa har jag sökt svaret på genom att utreda nationell rätt, forskning om markanvändningarnas förenlighet, praxis, internationella och regionala konventioner samt andra rättskällor. Resultatet jag kommit fram till kan sammanfattas till att det svenska skyddet för samerna är tillräckligt för att leva upp till de internationella krav som ska säkerställa att samernas traditionella ekonomiska aktiviteter i form av rennäring kan fortsätta. Detta då negativ påverkan enligt forskningen inte verkar vara stor och i de mål där den riskerat att bli det så har samernas intresse skyddats. Gällande andra delar av det internationella skyddet är dock inte Sveriges regler tillräckliga för att tillgodose kraven. Detta då våra regler inte ställer krav på samernas samtycke i projekt i deras traditionella marker samt att det är tveksamt om det finns möjligheter för ett tillräckligt effektivt deltagande. Eventuella brister som skulle kunna åtgärdas av mer proaktiva lösningar från staten gällande att involvera samerna och få deras samtycke. (Less)
Abstract
The Sami are Sweden’s indigenous people and have lived and used their traditional lands in the Norther part of Sweden since a long time ago. As the country of Sweden came into existence it eventually began to exert influence over the Sami and influence their culture through policies that have varied over the years. The Sami have, despite the assimilation policy in the near past, retained their language and their traditions. Although they are still facing challenges, they are still a distinguishable people as of today. Sweden’s attitude towards its indigenous population is today more benevolent than it used to be and the Sami enjoy a special legal standing with the aim of protecting and preserving their possibilities to continue being Sami.... (More)
The Sami are Sweden’s indigenous people and have lived and used their traditional lands in the Norther part of Sweden since a long time ago. As the country of Sweden came into existence it eventually began to exert influence over the Sami and influence their culture through policies that have varied over the years. The Sami have, despite the assimilation policy in the near past, retained their language and their traditions. Although they are still facing challenges, they are still a distinguishable people as of today. Sweden’s attitude towards its indigenous population is today more benevolent than it used to be and the Sami enjoy a special legal standing with the aim of protecting and preserving their possibilities to continue being Sami. However, Sweden has received criticism internationally and from the Sami themselves regarding rules and policies. The Sami have, since they are an indigenous people, certain rights under international law that the critics mean aren’t met by the Swedish system.

The purpose of the thesis has been to compare the Swedish protection of the Sami interests with the protection that comes from international law and obligations. The specific protection and rights that thesis will focus upon is the protection for the traditional use of their traditional land when this interest is challenged by other uses of land. A further delimitation has been that the work focuses on the cases where the opposing interest consists of wind farms which aim to expand Sweden’s access to renewable energy. The fact that the Sami peoples interest is put against wind power and renewable energy creates an interesting dilemma since both purposes have my sympathies.

The thesis questions have been about how the Sami protection is regulated in national law, how effective the safeguard are and what rights the Sami have according to international law and regional conventions. I have sought the answer on these questions by investigating and analysing national law, research papers on the compatibility of the two land uses, case jurisprudence, international and region conventions, and other sources of law. The result I have come up with can be summarized to that the Swedish protection is sufficient in living up to the international requirements which purpose is to ensure that the Same tradition economic activities in the shape of reindeer husbandry can continue. This is fulfilled since the negative impact according to the research does not seem to be big and in the cases where there is a risk, the Sami interest has been protected. Regarding other parts of international protection, however, Sweden’s rules are not sufficient to meet the requirements. This is because our rules do not impose requirements on the Sami consent for projects in their traditional lands and also since it is doubtful whether effective participation, which also is a right, is provided by the system. The solutions to this would be more proactive measures by the state to involve the Sami and obtain their consent. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Modéer, Morgan LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Wind farming and Sami - a sustainable development at the expense of Sweden´s indigenous people?
course
JURM02 20182
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
folkrätt, samer, vindkraft, hållbar utveckling, ursprungsbefolkning
language
Swedish
id
8966052
date added to LUP
2019-02-02 10:34:34
date last changed
2019-02-02 10:34:34
@misc{8966052,
  abstract     = {{The Sami are Sweden’s indigenous people and have lived and used their traditional lands in the Norther part of Sweden since a long time ago. As the country of Sweden came into existence it eventually began to exert influence over the Sami and influence their culture through policies that have varied over the years. The Sami have, despite the assimilation policy in the near past, retained their language and their traditions. Although they are still facing challenges, they are still a distinguishable people as of today. Sweden’s attitude towards its indigenous population is today more benevolent than it used to be and the Sami enjoy a special legal standing with the aim of protecting and preserving their possibilities to continue being Sami. However, Sweden has received criticism internationally and from the Sami themselves regarding rules and policies. The Sami have, since they are an indigenous people, certain rights under international law that the critics mean aren’t met by the Swedish system. 

The purpose of the thesis has been to compare the Swedish protection of the Sami interests with the protection that comes from international law and obligations. The specific protection and rights that thesis will focus upon is the protection for the traditional use of their traditional land when this interest is challenged by other uses of land. A further delimitation has been that the work focuses on the cases where the opposing interest consists of wind farms which aim to expand Sweden’s access to renewable energy. The fact that the Sami peoples interest is put against wind power and renewable energy creates an interesting dilemma since both purposes have my sympathies. 

The thesis questions have been about how the Sami protection is regulated in national law, how effective the safeguard are and what rights the Sami have according to international law and regional conventions. I have sought the answer on these questions by investigating and analysing national law, research papers on the compatibility of the two land uses, case jurisprudence, international and region conventions, and other sources of law. The result I have come up with can be summarized to that the Swedish protection is sufficient in living up to the international requirements which purpose is to ensure that the Same tradition economic activities in the shape of reindeer husbandry can continue. This is fulfilled since the negative impact according to the research does not seem to be big and in the cases where there is a risk, the Sami interest has been protected. Regarding other parts of international protection, however, Sweden’s rules are not sufficient to meet the requirements. This is because our rules do not impose requirements on the Sami consent for projects in their traditional lands and also since it is doubtful whether effective participation, which also is a right, is provided by the system. The solutions to this would be more proactive measures by the state to involve the Sami and obtain their consent.}},
  author       = {{Modéer, Morgan}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Vindkraft och Samer - En hållbar utveckling på bekostnad av Sveriges ursprungsbefolkning?}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}