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Analys av vägledande markeringars påverkan på utrymmande personers vägval med hjälp av eyetracking

Gard, Eric LU and Hammarberg, Johanna LU (2019) In LUTVDG/TVBB VBRM10 20182
Division of Fire Safety Engineering
Abstract
The use of exit signage is legally regulated even thought there is a lack of knowledge regarding the extent to which they help. It’s therefore of interest to study if people actually look at them in an evacuation situation. This thesis examines whether people observe exit signage, whereas three different sign types are tested to conclude differences. The three tested types were normal,
illuminated, and blinking signs. Eyetracking glasses were used during the experiments to examine the gaze of the user. To evaluate the different signs’ effect on evacuees, evacuation experiments were designed. Volunteers were recruited and unknowing that they were taking part in evacuation experiments
they were left alone to play the classic arcade game... (More)
The use of exit signage is legally regulated even thought there is a lack of knowledge regarding the extent to which they help. It’s therefore of interest to study if people actually look at them in an evacuation situation. This thesis examines whether people observe exit signage, whereas three different sign types are tested to conclude differences. The three tested types were normal,
illuminated, and blinking signs. Eyetracking glasses were used during the experiments to examine the gaze of the user. To evaluate the different signs’ effect on evacuees, evacuation experiments were designed. Volunteers were recruited and unknowing that they were taking part in evacuation experiments
they were left alone to play the classic arcade game Tetris while equipped with the eyetracking glasses. During these experiments, they were left in a completely unfamiliar environment, isolated from social influences. The place where the experiments carried out had two corridors with plenty of adjacent rooms and three stairwells leading to the floor, connected to both corridors. After a while an evacuation alarm sounded and the evacuee’s behavior was examined. The participant could then choose to evacuate with help from the exit signage, or to find the same way out from which they came in, disregarding signage. Afterwards, the evacuee was asked to fill out a survey with questions about the experiment. Results from both the eyetracking device as well as surveys were obtained. A total of 22 people decided to evacuate through the corridor to the right while 39 people evacuated through the left corridor, even though all participants were led to the experiment through the left corridor. The majority of evacuees decided to evacuate through the stairwell closest to them, while only a few evacuated through the other stairwells. This might seem peculiar, since all participants arrived to the floor through the furthermost stairwell. About half of the participants were unable to correctly reproduce their way of egress. One reason for this could be that the evacuees perceived the built environment at repetitive and thus lost their ability to orient themselves. If an evacuee left the experiment room and noticed a sign, the average time they fixated their gaze upon signs was measured and analyzed. Blinking signs were shown to make people look at them for a significant longer duration compared to normal or illuminated signs. No differences were found between the signs regarding the time until the first fixation. It could
however be shown that taller persons noticed signs more often compared to shorter persons. During the initial state of the evacuation, the eyetracking films showed a result that partially matched the results from the surveys. The films indicated that people tended to search for others while the evacuees themselves claimed that they were looking for signs. This difference might
originate in the tendency to “answer right” depending on what the respondent thinks the researchers want. This behavior likely incused other answers in the surveys as well.
In conclusion, the main questions of the thesis were answered:
• Approximately 80 % of the evacuees noticed signs on their way out and roughly half of those decided to follow them.
• The different signs were shown not to affect the tendency to observe or follow them. More research is needed to investigate how different exit signage can impact an evacuation situation. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Trots att det idag är krav på vägledande markeringar finns det i dagsläget lite kunskap om i vilken utsträckning de faktiskt gör nytta. Det är därför av intresse att studera om människor verkligen tittar på dessa i en utrymningssituation. Denna studie undersöker huruvida människor observerar vägledande markeringar där tre olika skylttyper testats för att se om det finns
skillnader. De tre skylttyperna som testades var släckta, tända och blinkande skyltar. Som hjälp användes eyetracking-glasögon som genom en film i efterhand visar vad användaren fokuserar sin blick på. För att undersöka olika skylttypers påverkan på utrymmande personer utfördes utrymningsförsök. Ett antal försökspersoner rekryterades, ovetandes om att det handlade om... (More)
Trots att det idag är krav på vägledande markeringar finns det i dagsläget lite kunskap om i vilken utsträckning de faktiskt gör nytta. Det är därför av intresse att studera om människor verkligen tittar på dessa i en utrymningssituation. Denna studie undersöker huruvida människor observerar vägledande markeringar där tre olika skylttyper testats för att se om det finns
skillnader. De tre skylttyperna som testades var släckta, tända och blinkande skyltar. Som hjälp användes eyetracking-glasögon som genom en film i efterhand visar vad användaren fokuserar sin blick på. För att undersöka olika skylttypers påverkan på utrymmande personer utfördes utrymningsförsök. Ett antal försökspersoner rekryterades, ovetandes om att det handlade om utrymning. Personerna fick sedan spela datorspelet Tetris med eyetracking-glasögon på.
Försöket genomfördes i en för dem okänd miljö, helt isolerade från social påverkan. Våningsplanet som användes hade två parallella korridorer, höger och vänster från försöksrummet sett, med ett flertal rum och tre trapphus. Efter en stund startades ett utrymningslarm och personernas agerande analyserades. De kunde då välja att ensamma ta sig ut med hjälp av de vägledande markeringarna som fanns tillgängliga, alternativt gå samma väg ut som de kom in genom, utan att titta på skyltar. Efteråt ombads försökspersonerna fylla i en enkät.
Resultat erhölls både från eyetracking-filmer och enkätsvar. Trots att samtliga försökspersoner blev hänvisade till försöksrummet genom den vänstra korridoren valde 22 personer att utrymma genom den högra korridoren, medan 39 personer valde att utrymma genom den vänstra. Majoriteten av personerna valde att utrymma genom trapphuset närmst försöksrummet, och endast ett fåtal valde något av de andra två trapphusen. Detta var anmärkningsvärt då samtliga deltagare kom upp till våningsplanet genom trapphuset beläget längst bort från försöksrummet.
Ungefär hälften av försökspersonerna kunde inte korrekt återge sin väg ut. En anledning till detta hade kunnat vara att personerna uppfattade lokalutformningen som repetitiv och därför miste sin orienteringsförmåga.
Om en försöksperson lämnat rummet och sett en skylt analyserades hur länge man i genomsnitt fixerade blicken på skyltarna. Blinkande skyltar drog här till sig blicken signifikant längre än släckta och tända skyltar. Däremot fanns det ingen skillnad på tid till första fixering beroende på skylttyp. Det kunde dock påvisas att längre personer i större utsträckning tenderar att se skyltar jämfört med kortare människor. I det initiala skedet gav eyetracking-filmerna ett resultat som delvis stämde överens med enkätresultaten. Från filmerna erhölls att försökspersonerna tenderade att leta efter andra personer medan försökspersonerna själva menade att de letade efter skyltar. Skillnaden kan bero på att deltagarna ville ”svara rätt” utifrån vad de trodde försöksledarna ville ha som svar. Detta beteende genomsyrade sannolikt fler enkätsvar.
Sammanfattningsvis kunde rapportens huvudfrågeställningar besvaras;
• Ungefär 80 % såg skyltar på vägen ut, och drygt hälften av dessa agerade utifrån dem.
• Skillnader på utformningen hos de vägledande markeringarna visade sig inte påverka benägenheten att observera eller agera utifrån dem. Mer forskning krävs för att undersöka olika sorters utformningar hos vägledande markeringar. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Gard, Eric LU and Hammarberg, Johanna LU
supervisor
organization
course
VBRM10 20182
year
type
H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
subject
keywords
Utrymning, eyetracking, vägledande markeringar, vägval, experiment, människors beteende vid brand
publication/series
LUTVDG/TVBB
report number
5579
other publication id
LUTVDG/TVBB--5579--SE
language
Swedish
id
8972141
date added to LUP
2019-03-06 12:01:19
date last changed
2019-03-06 12:01:19
@misc{8972141,
  abstract     = {{The use of exit signage is legally regulated even thought there is a lack of knowledge regarding the extent to which they help. It’s therefore of interest to study if people actually look at them in an evacuation situation. This thesis examines whether people observe exit signage, whereas three different sign types are tested to conclude differences. The three tested types were normal, 
illuminated, and blinking signs. Eyetracking glasses were used during the experiments to examine the gaze of the user. To evaluate the different signs’ effect on evacuees, evacuation experiments were designed. Volunteers were recruited and unknowing that they were taking part in evacuation experiments 
they were left alone to play the classic arcade game Tetris while equipped with the eyetracking glasses. During these experiments, they were left in a completely unfamiliar environment, isolated from social influences. The place where the experiments carried out had two corridors with plenty of adjacent rooms and three stairwells leading to the floor, connected to both corridors. After a while an evacuation alarm sounded and the evacuee’s behavior was examined. The participant could then choose to evacuate with help from the exit signage, or to find the same way out from which they came in, disregarding signage. Afterwards, the evacuee was asked to fill out a survey with questions about the experiment. Results from both the eyetracking device as well as surveys were obtained. A total of 22 people decided to evacuate through the corridor to the right while 39 people evacuated through the left corridor, even though all participants were led to the experiment through the left corridor. The majority of evacuees decided to evacuate through the stairwell closest to them, while only a few evacuated through the other stairwells. This might seem peculiar, since all participants arrived to the floor through the furthermost stairwell. About half of the participants were unable to correctly reproduce their way of egress. One reason for this could be that the evacuees perceived the built environment at repetitive and thus lost their ability to orient themselves. If an evacuee left the experiment room and noticed a sign, the average time they fixated their gaze upon signs was measured and analyzed. Blinking signs were shown to make people look at them for a significant longer duration compared to normal or illuminated signs. No differences were found between the signs regarding the time until the first fixation. It could 
however be shown that taller persons noticed signs more often compared to shorter persons. During the initial state of the evacuation, the eyetracking films showed a result that partially matched the results from the surveys. The films indicated that people tended to search for others while the evacuees themselves claimed that they were looking for signs. This difference might 
originate in the tendency to “answer right” depending on what the respondent thinks the researchers want. This behavior likely incused other answers in the surveys as well. 
In conclusion, the main questions of the thesis were answered: 
• Approximately 80 % of the evacuees noticed signs on their way out and roughly half of those decided to follow them. 
• The different signs were shown not to affect the tendency to observe or follow them. More research is needed to investigate how different exit signage can impact an evacuation situation.}},
  author       = {{Gard, Eric and Hammarberg, Johanna}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  series       = {{LUTVDG/TVBB}},
  title        = {{Analys av vägledande markeringars påverkan på utrymmande personers vägval med hjälp av eyetracking}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}