Onsite greywater treatment for reuse at Zandspruit informal settlement in Johannesburg
(2019) In TVVR 19/5003 VVRM01 20191Division of Water Resources Engineering
- Abstract
- The urban landscape in South Africa is marred by informal settlements. Nearly a quarter of its population lives in shacks and do not have access to sufficient clean water and improved sanitation. The aim of the present study was to ascertain household daily water consumption and quantify the amount of greywater generated at Zandspruit slums. Another objective was to assess perceptions and user acceptability towards treated greywater reuse in urban slums. Overly, the study endeavour to elucidate the potential benefits of greywater reuse in informal settlements. The author used a systematic literature review and administered a survey questionnaire to fulfil these objectives. The survey was conducted between the 1st of February and the 29th... (More)
- The urban landscape in South Africa is marred by informal settlements. Nearly a quarter of its population lives in shacks and do not have access to sufficient clean water and improved sanitation. The aim of the present study was to ascertain household daily water consumption and quantify the amount of greywater generated at Zandspruit slums. Another objective was to assess perceptions and user acceptability towards treated greywater reuse in urban slums. Overly, the study endeavour to elucidate the potential benefits of greywater reuse in informal settlements. The author used a systematic literature review and administered a survey questionnaire to fulfil these objectives. The survey was conducted between the 1st of February and the 29th of March 2019.
Zandspruit settlement has the capacity to produce significant amount of greywater for reuse. Observed daily water consumption varies from 40 – 400 L/du.d. With a mean return factor of 0.62 a medium-sized family will produce an average of 121 litres per day. 83% of the residents accept reuse of treated greywater for non-potable purposes. A further 69% expressed willingness to reuse treated greywater for drinking and cooking. The implementation of onsite greywater treatment and reuse will certainly unlock socioeconomic benefits and enhance water availability to some of the poorest people in South Africa. (Less) - Popular Abstract
- Nearly 15 million South Africans live in shacks. Indeed, the urban landscape in Johannesburg is marred by informal settlements. People living in slums have no access to sufficient clean water and improved sanitation. Besides, South Africa is a country with an alarming water scarcity problem. Municipal water supply is erratic and severely rationed. Consequently, water-related diseases are common with over 80% directly linked to poor water and sanitation conditions.
At Zandspruit informal settlement municipal water supply is unavailable for almost 18 hours per day. Mean daily water consumption per capita is quite low at 40 Lpcd compared to a national average of 233 Lpcd. Daily water consumption varies from 40 – 400 Litres per dwelling.... (More) - Nearly 15 million South Africans live in shacks. Indeed, the urban landscape in Johannesburg is marred by informal settlements. People living in slums have no access to sufficient clean water and improved sanitation. Besides, South Africa is a country with an alarming water scarcity problem. Municipal water supply is erratic and severely rationed. Consequently, water-related diseases are common with over 80% directly linked to poor water and sanitation conditions.
At Zandspruit informal settlement municipal water supply is unavailable for almost 18 hours per day. Mean daily water consumption per capita is quite low at 40 Lpcd compared to a national average of 233 Lpcd. Daily water consumption varies from 40 – 400 Litres per dwelling. With a mean return factor of 0.62 a medium-sized family will produce an average of 121 litres per day. Zandspruit informal settlement has the capacity to produce significant amount of greywater for reuse at the household.
The majority of the people living at Zandspruit (83%) accept reuse of treated greywater for non-potable purposes. A further 69% expressed willingness to reuse treated greywater for drinking and cooking if it is properly treated. Residents are aware of possible health implications and the impact of raw greywater on the environment and are willing to adopt low cost onsite greywater treatment systems.
The implementation of onsite greywater treatment systems at Zandspruit settlement will most likely unlock socioeconomic benefits in the community. Freshwater supply will also be enhanced. The burden of collecting water will be lessened particularly on women and children.
The aim of the present study was to ascertain household daily water consumption and quantify the amount of greywater generated at Zandspruit slums with a view to suggest greywater reuse as a sustainable option for freshwater supply. The second objective was to assess perceptions and user acceptability towards treated greywater reuse in urban slums. Overly, the study endeavour to elucidate the potential benefits of greywater reuse in informal settlements.
The author used a systematic literature review and administered a survey questionnaire at Zandspruit to fulfil these objectives. The survey was conducted between the 1st of February and the 29th of March 2019 covering 294 households.
The promotion of onsite greywater treatment and reuse will certainly improve water availability to some of the poorest people in South Africa. It is therefore imperative for future studies to ascertain greywater characteristics in informal settlements through laboratory analysis so as to formulate the appropriate treatment train. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8975624
- author
- Madzaramba, Tendai H LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- VVRM01 20191
- year
- 2019
- type
- H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
- subject
- keywords
- Greywater generation, greywater treatment, greywater reuse, wastewater reuse, informal settlements
- publication/series
- TVVR 19/5003
- report number
- 19/5003
- ISSN
- 1101-9824
- language
- English
- additional info
- Examiner: Kamshat Tussupova
- id
- 8975624
- date added to LUP
- 2022-01-25 15:45:13
- date last changed
- 2022-01-25 15:45:13
@misc{8975624,
abstract = {{The urban landscape in South Africa is marred by informal settlements. Nearly a quarter of its population lives in shacks and do not have access to sufficient clean water and improved sanitation. The aim of the present study was to ascertain household daily water consumption and quantify the amount of greywater generated at Zandspruit slums. Another objective was to assess perceptions and user acceptability towards treated greywater reuse in urban slums. Overly, the study endeavour to elucidate the potential benefits of greywater reuse in informal settlements. The author used a systematic literature review and administered a survey questionnaire to fulfil these objectives. The survey was conducted between the 1st of February and the 29th of March 2019.
Zandspruit settlement has the capacity to produce significant amount of greywater for reuse. Observed daily water consumption varies from 40 – 400 L/du.d. With a mean return factor of 0.62 a medium-sized family will produce an average of 121 litres per day. 83% of the residents accept reuse of treated greywater for non-potable purposes. A further 69% expressed willingness to reuse treated greywater for drinking and cooking. The implementation of onsite greywater treatment and reuse will certainly unlock socioeconomic benefits and enhance water availability to some of the poorest people in South Africa.}},
author = {{Madzaramba, Tendai H}},
issn = {{1101-9824}},
language = {{eng}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
series = {{TVVR 19/5003}},
title = {{Onsite greywater treatment for reuse at Zandspruit informal settlement in Johannesburg}},
year = {{2019}},
}