Skip to main content

LUP Student Papers

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Arbetsgivarens principalansvar

Körner-Krakau, Henrik LU (2019) JURM02 20191
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Syftet med skadeståndet utgår från prevention och reparation. Skadestånd ska förmå människor att agera mer aktsamt, att avstå från ett visst skadligt agerande, i syfte att undvika skador. Detta ska i sin tur leda till ett tryggare och säkrare samhälle.
De dispositiva skadeståndsrättsliga reglerna i SkL har historiskt haft starkt samband med straffrätten. SkL trädde i kraft 1972 men innebar ingen större förändring avseende bedömning av skadeståndsskyldighet, den är fortfarande i stort beroende av en culpabedömning som görs med hänsyn till uppsåt och oaktsamhet, orsaksförhållande och adekvans.
Grunden i culpabedömningen är en tanke om skuld, härledd ur ett ogillande handlingssätt, där man svarar för eget vållande. Culpa har blivit... (More)
Syftet med skadeståndet utgår från prevention och reparation. Skadestånd ska förmå människor att agera mer aktsamt, att avstå från ett visst skadligt agerande, i syfte att undvika skador. Detta ska i sin tur leda till ett tryggare och säkrare samhälle.
De dispositiva skadeståndsrättsliga reglerna i SkL har historiskt haft starkt samband med straffrätten. SkL trädde i kraft 1972 men innebar ingen större förändring avseende bedömning av skadeståndsskyldighet, den är fortfarande i stort beroende av en culpabedömning som görs med hänsyn till uppsåt och oaktsamhet, orsaksförhållande och adekvans.
Grunden i culpabedömningen är en tanke om skuld, härledd ur ett ogillande handlingssätt, där man svarar för eget vållande. Culpa har blivit vägledande för rättslig bedömning av faror och risker i syfte att finna en väl avvägd rättslig handlingsnorm för samhället att förhålla sig till.
I svensk rättspraxis används den fria culpabedömningen genom en helhetsbedömning där faktorerna; risken för skada, den sannolika skadans storlek, möjligheterna att förekomma skadan och skadevållarens möjlighet att inse risken för skada, vägs mot varandra.
Principalansvar är arbetsgivarens ansvar för skador orsakade av arbetstagaren när arbetstagaren agerat i tjänsten. Syftet med principalansvaret är att ge ett effektivt skydd för den utomstående skadelidande parten genom att härleda skadeståndskravet till den part som i praktiken har störst möjlighet att stå kostnaden, nämligen arbetsgivaren. Från att tidigare gälla endast arbetstagare i ledande ställning, eller med särskilt riskfyllda arbetsuppgifter, har principalansvaret utvidgats till att gälla en mycket vidare krets av personer likställda med arbetstagare.
Begreppet ”i tjänsten” syftar till krav på funktionellt samband mellan arbetstagarens handlade och arbetstagarens tjänst. För att skadeståndskrav ska kunna komma i fråga måste fel och försummelse vara styrkt. Det kan röra sig om kumulerade fel, där mindre oaktsamma skeenden sammantagna lett till skadevållande. Det finns inga krav på att en särskild anställd orsakat skadan. En grupp som faller under principalens ansvar kan som kollektiv orsaka skada genom fel och försummelse.
9
Principalansvaret är generellt oinskränkt, men det finns situationer där handlingen är så främmande för verksamheten att den anses som abnorm. För att arbetstagaren själv ska stå sina kostnader finns krav på synnerliga skäl. Det läggs vikt vid handlingens karaktär, om den utförts i tjänsten, om arbetsledningen haft möjlighet att leda den anställdes arbete eller om handlingen varit av uppsåtlig eller brottslig karaktär.
Det civilrättsliga arbetstagarbegreppet exkluderar en del grupper som lagstiftaren ville inkludera i syfte att bredda gruppen som faller inom principalansvar. Medhjälpare i olika former har inkluderats, medan självständiga företagare exkluderats.
När skadeståndsskyldighet utkrävs finns det möjlighet att jämka summan om det med hänsyn till föreliggande försäkringar är möjligt. Syftet bakom bestämmelsen är att möjligheten till jämkning i sig ska var begränsad, istället ska ersättningskraven stanna på försäkringsbolagen. Regelverket tolkas olika beroende på vem den försäkrade respektive skadeståndsskyldige parten är. (Less)
Abstract
The purpose of the tort law is based on prevention and repair. Being forced to pay damages is intended to cause people to act more cautiously, to refrain from certain harmful actions, in order to avoid injuries. This will lead to a safe and sound society.
The Liability for Damages Act came into force in 1972 but meant no major change regarding the assessment of the liability for damages, it is still largely dependent on a culpa assessment made with regard to intent and negligence, causal relationship and adequacy.
Since the 19th century, culpa has been a dominant general principle in Swedish law regarding damages. The basis of the culpa assessment is a thought of guilt, derived from an unfair manner of action, where one is resposible for... (More)
The purpose of the tort law is based on prevention and repair. Being forced to pay damages is intended to cause people to act more cautiously, to refrain from certain harmful actions, in order to avoid injuries. This will lead to a safe and sound society.
The Liability for Damages Act came into force in 1972 but meant no major change regarding the assessment of the liability for damages, it is still largely dependent on a culpa assessment made with regard to intent and negligence, causal relationship and adequacy.
Since the 19th century, culpa has been a dominant general principle in Swedish law regarding damages. The basis of the culpa assessment is a thought of guilt, derived from an unfair manner of action, where one is resposible for one’s own actions. Culpa functions has become a guide for legal assessment of hazards and risks in order to find a well-balanced legal action standard for society to relate to.
In Swedish case law, the free culpability assessment is used through an overall assessment where the factors; the risk of injury, the magnitude of the probable damage, the possibilities of the injury occurring and the possibility of the injured party to realize the risk of injury, are weighed against each other.
Vicarious liability is the employer's responsibility for damages caused by the employee when the employee has acted in the service. The purpose of the vicarious liability is to provide effective protection for an injured third party by deriving the claim for damages from the party who in fact has the greatest means to stand the cost, namely the employer. From previously applying only to employees in leading positions, or with particularly risky tasks, the vicarious liability has been extended to apply to a much wider range of people equated with employees.
The term "in the service" refers to requirements for a close connection between the employee's actions and the employee's service. To claim damages, errors and omissions must be substantiated. This can be cumulative errors, where less negligent events together led to damages. It does not require that a particular employee caused the damage. A group that acts under the employers responsibility can, as a collective, cause damage through failure and neglect.
7
Vicarious liability is generally unlimited, but there are situations where the action taken is so alien to the business that it is considered to be abnormal. In order for the employee to be liable for his own damages caused in the service exceptional reasons are required. Emphasis is placed on the nature of the act, if it is performed in the service, if the management had the opportunity to lead the employee's work or if the act had been of a deliberate or criminal nature.
The concept of civil law excludes some groups that the legislature wanted to include in order to broaden the group that falls within vicarious liability. Assistants in various forms have been included, while independent contractors have been excluded.
When an employee is liabile, it is sometimes possible to mitigate the sum in regard to insurance. The purpose is that the final compensation requirements should be placed on the insurance companies. The regulations are applied and adjusted in regards to who the insured party is. Allocation of the damages can be made on assessment of complicity on the basis of the degree of participation of the parties in the injurious event. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Körner-Krakau, Henrik LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The employers vicarious liability
course
JURM02 20191
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
arbetsrätt, civilrätt, skadeståndsrätt, principalansvar
language
Swedish
id
8976221
date added to LUP
2019-06-19 17:17:55
date last changed
2019-06-19 17:17:55
@misc{8976221,
  abstract     = {{The purpose of the tort law is based on prevention and repair. Being forced to pay damages is intended to cause people to act more cautiously, to refrain from certain harmful actions, in order to avoid injuries. This will lead to a safe and sound society.
The Liability for Damages Act came into force in 1972 but meant no major change regarding the assessment of the liability for damages, it is still largely dependent on a culpa assessment made with regard to intent and negligence, causal relationship and adequacy.
Since the 19th century, culpa has been a dominant general principle in Swedish law regarding damages. The basis of the culpa assessment is a thought of guilt, derived from an unfair manner of action, where one is resposible for one’s own actions. Culpa functions has become a guide for legal assessment of hazards and risks in order to find a well-balanced legal action standard for society to relate to.
In Swedish case law, the free culpability assessment is used through an overall assessment where the factors; the risk of injury, the magnitude of the probable damage, the possibilities of the injury occurring and the possibility of the injured party to realize the risk of injury, are weighed against each other.
Vicarious liability is the employer's responsibility for damages caused by the employee when the employee has acted in the service. The purpose of the vicarious liability is to provide effective protection for an injured third party by deriving the claim for damages from the party who in fact has the greatest means to stand the cost, namely the employer. From previously applying only to employees in leading positions, or with particularly risky tasks, the vicarious liability has been extended to apply to a much wider range of people equated with employees.
The term "in the service" refers to requirements for a close connection between the employee's actions and the employee's service. To claim damages, errors and omissions must be substantiated. This can be cumulative errors, where less negligent events together led to damages. It does not require that a particular employee caused the damage. A group that acts under the employers responsibility can, as a collective, cause damage through failure and neglect.
7
Vicarious liability is generally unlimited, but there are situations where the action taken is so alien to the business that it is considered to be abnormal. In order for the employee to be liable for his own damages caused in the service exceptional reasons are required. Emphasis is placed on the nature of the act, if it is performed in the service, if the management had the opportunity to lead the employee's work or if the act had been of a deliberate or criminal nature.
The concept of civil law excludes some groups that the legislature wanted to include in order to broaden the group that falls within vicarious liability. Assistants in various forms have been included, while independent contractors have been excluded.
When an employee is liabile, it is sometimes possible to mitigate the sum in regard to insurance. The purpose is that the final compensation requirements should be placed on the insurance companies. The regulations are applied and adjusted in regards to who the insured party is. Allocation of the damages can be made on assessment of complicity on the basis of the degree of participation of the parties in the injurious event.}},
  author       = {{Körner-Krakau, Henrik}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Arbetsgivarens principalansvar}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}