Beskickningslokalens okränkbarhet - kan principen om staters suveränitet trumfa den mänskliga rättigheten till liv?
(2019) LAGF03 20191Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract
- In the formation of diplomatic relations between states, the establishment of diplomatic premises on the territory of the other state composes a central part. The premises of mission usually constitute an embassy which is inviolable under article 22 of the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. The receiving state is, under no circumstances, permitted to enter the premises without the consent of the head of the mission. This paper aims to examine the diplomatic protection of the premises of mission in relation to the executive jurisdiction of the receiving states under extraordinary circumstances when human life is in serious danger.
During the formulation of the convention, an exception to the inviolability was deliberated.... (More) - In the formation of diplomatic relations between states, the establishment of diplomatic premises on the territory of the other state composes a central part. The premises of mission usually constitute an embassy which is inviolable under article 22 of the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. The receiving state is, under no circumstances, permitted to enter the premises without the consent of the head of the mission. This paper aims to examine the diplomatic protection of the premises of mission in relation to the executive jurisdiction of the receiving states under extraordinary circumstances when human life is in serious danger.
During the formulation of the convention, an exception to the inviolability was deliberated. The exception provided the receiving state the right to, in cases of extreme emergency, enter the premises in order to eliminate the danger. However, it was precluded due to the fear that the provision would be used in analogies and given an extensive application by the receiving states. An incident that particularly illustrates the issue of absolute inviolability is the Libyan hostage incident when the British police force was denied entry to the premises even though a police woman was killed, and several others injured by shots coming from within the embassy.
In the concluding analysis, the discussion is presented in the perspective of natural law. It is stated that in the event of imminent serious danger to human life, the human inherent right to life should be protected regardless if the receiving state by protecting this thus violates the immunity of the sending state. Finally, an amendment to article 22 Vienna Convention on the inviolability of missions is proposed. The amendment provides scope for the executive jurisdiction of the receiving states in cases of extreme emergency where human life is in serious danger and the receiving state has taken all possible measures to eliminate the danger before entry is prepared. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- En viktig del i staters upprättande av diplomatiska relationer innebär respektive stats rätt att upprätta en diplomatisk beskickning på den andra statens territorium. Beskickningen utgörs som huvudregel av en ambassad och är, under artikel 22 i 1961 års Wienkonvention om diplomatiska förbindelser, okränkbar. Skyddet är absolut och mottagande staters myndigheter äger, oavsett omständigheter, ingen rätt att beträda beskickningen utan medgivande. Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka det diplomatiska skyddet av beskickningslokaler i förhållande till mottagande staters exekutiva jurisdiktion under extraordinära omständigheter där mänskligt liv är i allvarlig fara.
Det framgår av uppsatsens undersökning att ett undantag till beskickningens... (More) - En viktig del i staters upprättande av diplomatiska relationer innebär respektive stats rätt att upprätta en diplomatisk beskickning på den andra statens territorium. Beskickningen utgörs som huvudregel av en ambassad och är, under artikel 22 i 1961 års Wienkonvention om diplomatiska förbindelser, okränkbar. Skyddet är absolut och mottagande staters myndigheter äger, oavsett omständigheter, ingen rätt att beträda beskickningen utan medgivande. Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka det diplomatiska skyddet av beskickningslokaler i förhållande till mottagande staters exekutiva jurisdiktion under extraordinära omständigheter där mänskligt liv är i allvarlig fara.
Det framgår av uppsatsens undersökning att ett undantag till beskickningens okränkbarhet diskuterades vid konventionens uppkomst. Undantaget gav den mottagande staten rätt att i extrema nödfall bereda tillträde för statens myndigheter att avhjälpa faran, men avvisades på grund av risken för analogier och en vidsträckt tillämpning av den mottagande staten. En händelse som särskilt illustrerar problematiken med det absoluta skyddet är Libyan hostage incident där den brittiska polisen nekades tillträde till beskickningen trots att en polis dödats och flera människor skadats av skott inifrån ambassaden.
I den avslutande analysen utgår diskussionen från ett naturrättsligt perspektiv. Det påvisas att vid en nära förestående allvarlig fara för mänskligt liv, bör människans inneboende rätt till liv skyddas oberoende om en mottagande stat genom att rädda detta således kränker en sändande stats immunitet. Slutligen lämnas ett förslag på en ändring av artikel 22 i Wienkonventionen. Ändringen ger utrymme för mottagande staters exekutiva jurisdiktion vid situationer av extrema nödfall där mänskligt liv är i allvarlig fara och den mottagande staten har vidtagit alla genomförbara åtgärder för att avvärja faran innan tillträde bereds. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8976951
- author
- Hoffman Öjdahl, Mathilda LU
- supervisor
-
- Karol Nowak LU
- organization
- course
- LAGF03 20191
- year
- 2019
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- Folkrätt, immunitet
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 8976951
- date added to LUP
- 2019-09-16 10:37:49
- date last changed
- 2019-09-16 10:37:49
@misc{8976951,
abstract = {{In the formation of diplomatic relations between states, the establishment of diplomatic premises on the territory of the other state composes a central part. The premises of mission usually constitute an embassy which is inviolable under article 22 of the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. The receiving state is, under no circumstances, permitted to enter the premises without the consent of the head of the mission. This paper aims to examine the diplomatic protection of the premises of mission in relation to the executive jurisdiction of the receiving states under extraordinary circumstances when human life is in serious danger.
During the formulation of the convention, an exception to the inviolability was deliberated. The exception provided the receiving state the right to, in cases of extreme emergency, enter the premises in order to eliminate the danger. However, it was precluded due to the fear that the provision would be used in analogies and given an extensive application by the receiving states. An incident that particularly illustrates the issue of absolute inviolability is the Libyan hostage incident when the British police force was denied entry to the premises even though a police woman was killed, and several others injured by shots coming from within the embassy.
In the concluding analysis, the discussion is presented in the perspective of natural law. It is stated that in the event of imminent serious danger to human life, the human inherent right to life should be protected regardless if the receiving state by protecting this thus violates the immunity of the sending state. Finally, an amendment to article 22 Vienna Convention on the inviolability of missions is proposed. The amendment provides scope for the executive jurisdiction of the receiving states in cases of extreme emergency where human life is in serious danger and the receiving state has taken all possible measures to eliminate the danger before entry is prepared.}},
author = {{Hoffman Öjdahl, Mathilda}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Beskickningslokalens okränkbarhet - kan principen om staters suveränitet trumfa den mänskliga rättigheten till liv?}},
year = {{2019}},
}