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Konkurrensklausuler - vad betyder de nya reglerna om perdurerande vite?

Anderson, Hugo LU (2019) JURM02 20191
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Konkurrensklausuler i anställningsavtal avser att begränsa arbetstagares rätt att fritt konkurrera efter avslutad anställning. Uppsatsen ämnar att bedöma om 2015 års överenskommelse om konkurrensklausuler är att betrakta som god sed på arbetsmarknaden. Denna fråga måste först besvaras innan uppsatsens huvudfråga kan besvaras, nämligen om perdurerande viten är tillåtna i konkurrensklausuler och om ett perdurerande vite kan överstiga det i konkurrensklausulen förutbestämda vitesbeloppet. En rättsdogmatisk metod har anlagts i uppsatsen vilket innebär att rättskällor har analyserats och redovisats i uppsatsen. De rättskällor som har använts i uppsatsen är de vedertagna rättskällorna som lagtext, rättspraxis, förarbeten och doktrin. Dessa... (More)
Konkurrensklausuler i anställningsavtal avser att begränsa arbetstagares rätt att fritt konkurrera efter avslutad anställning. Uppsatsen ämnar att bedöma om 2015 års överenskommelse om konkurrensklausuler är att betrakta som god sed på arbetsmarknaden. Denna fråga måste först besvaras innan uppsatsens huvudfråga kan besvaras, nämligen om perdurerande viten är tillåtna i konkurrensklausuler och om ett perdurerande vite kan överstiga det i konkurrensklausulen förutbestämda vitesbeloppet. En rättsdogmatisk metod har anlagts i uppsatsen vilket innebär att rättskällor har analyserats och redovisats i uppsatsen. De rättskällor som har använts i uppsatsen är de vedertagna rättskällorna som lagtext, rättspraxis, förarbeten och doktrin. Dessa rättskällor har applicerats på ovanstående problem för att fastslå vad som ska anses vara gällande rätt.

Konkurrensklausuler i anställningsavtal kan jämkas enligt 36 § AvtL och i 38 § AvtL appliceras en skälighetsbedömning för att avgöra om den är giltig eller ska ogiltigförklaras. Parallellt med lagstiftningen har 1969 års överenskommelse om konkurrensklausuler varit att betrakta som god sed och sedvänja även för konkurrensklausuler som faller utanför dess tillämpningsområde. En ny överenskommelse kom 2015 som ersatte 1969 års överenskommelse, den nya överenskommelsen behöll samma restriktiva syn som fanns i 1969 års överenskommelse med framförallt ett tillägg om perdurerande vite. Ett perdurerande vite ska enligt 2015 års överenskommelse tillämpas då arbetstagaren vägrar följa konkurrensklausulen eller om den nya arbetsgivaren betalar vitet.

Slutsatsen är att 2015 års överenskommelse förmodligen är att betrakta som god sed i och med att den ersatte 1969 års överenskommelse och att det nya kollektivavtalet utvecklar de principer som skapades i 1969 års överenskommelse. Förarbeten till avtalslagen stadgade att 1969 års överenskommelse var god sed och eftersom god sed förändras över tid öppnades därmed för möjligheten att ett nytt kollektivavtal som kan ersätta det gamla också kan utgöra god sed. Perdurerande viten är enligt min mening tillåtna i de undantagssituationer som nämns i 2015 års överenskommelse om konkurrensklausuler. För att dessa ska ha en handlingsdirigerande effekt krävs det att de kan överstiga det i konkurrensklausulen avtalade vitet. Det innebär inte att vitesbeloppet kan bli hur stort som helst, enligt min uppfattning bör ett perdurerande vite som mest uppgå till mellan 12-18 av arbetstagarens månadslöner. Den bedömningen baserar sig inte på traditionella rättskällor utan samtal med insatta personer på Teknikföretagen där jag praktiserade medan jag skrev denna uppsats. (Less)
Abstract
The purpose of a competition clause in a employment contract is to restrain the employees possibilities to compete with the former employer after he or she quits the employment. This study aims to assess if the 2015 collective agreement on competition clauses in employment contracts is to be regarded as good practice in the Swedish labor market i.e become binding on all employers and employees whether they are parties to the agreement of not. Beyond that the object is also to examine if a continuing penalty is permissible and if so, the penalty can exceed the penalty stated in the competition clause. This is a complicated assessment. The penalty level in the employment contract is generally set according to the rules in the collective... (More)
The purpose of a competition clause in a employment contract is to restrain the employees possibilities to compete with the former employer after he or she quits the employment. This study aims to assess if the 2015 collective agreement on competition clauses in employment contracts is to be regarded as good practice in the Swedish labor market i.e become binding on all employers and employees whether they are parties to the agreement of not. Beyond that the object is also to examine if a continuing penalty is permissible and if so, the penalty can exceed the penalty stated in the competition clause. This is a complicated assessment. The penalty level in the employment contract is generally set according to the rules in the collective agreement from 2015. Rules in the same central collective agreement may apply in individual employment contract without a reference clause under certain conditions. The study is based on a classic legal theory and takes stance in the generally accepted sources of law, that being legal text, legislative history, case law and jurisprudence. The use of these accepted sources of law are to determine what the established law is likely to be in the above stated questions.

A competition penalty clause in a employment contract can be set aside or abdicated according to section 36 § of the Contract Act and invalid according to section 38 § of the Contract Act. Parallel to the contract law regulations the 1969 agreement were regarded as good practice for parties not bound by the agreement. A new collective agreement from 2015 on competition clauses is based on the same restrictive principles regarding competition clauses as the 1969 collective agreement, but it also made a continuing penalty possible in situations were the employee refuses to comply by the competition clause or the new employer pays the penalty.

The study concludes that the 2015 agreement is to be regarded as good practice by legislative history in the Contract Act opened up for that possibility that not only the 1969 Collective Agreement but also a new successor could be considered as good practice. A continuing penalty is allowed in some special situations. For the continuing penalty to be effective on the employees actions it needs to be allowed for the continuing penalty to exceed the penalty in the competition clause. That does not mean that the continuing penalty isn’t regulated of what the total sum can amount to. In my view there is a likelihood that the continuing penalty is allowed and at most can be from 12 to 18 of the employees monthly wage. My judgement is not based on traditional legal sources but conversations with with knowledgable people working at Teknikföretagen where I had a internship when I wrote this report. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Anderson, Hugo LU
supervisor
organization
course
JURM02 20191
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Arbetsrätt, Konkurrensklausul, 2015 års överenskommelse, perdurerande vite, god sed
language
Swedish
id
8977479
date added to LUP
2019-06-17 14:35:15
date last changed
2019-06-17 14:35:15
@misc{8977479,
  abstract     = {{The purpose of a competition clause in a employment contract is to restrain the employees possibilities to compete with the former employer after he or she quits the employment. This study aims to assess if the 2015 collective agreement on competition clauses in employment contracts is to be regarded as good practice in the Swedish labor market i.e become binding on all employers and employees whether they are parties to the agreement of not. Beyond that the object is also to examine if a continuing penalty is permissible and if so, the penalty can exceed the penalty stated in the competition clause. This is a complicated assessment. The penalty level in the employment contract is generally set according to the rules in the collective agreement from 2015. Rules in the same central collective agreement may apply in individual employment contract without a reference clause under certain conditions. The study is based on a classic legal theory and takes stance in the generally accepted sources of law, that being legal text, legislative history, case law and jurisprudence. The use of these accepted sources of law are to determine what the established law is likely to be in the above stated questions. 

A competition penalty clause in a employment contract can be set aside or abdicated according to section 36 § of the Contract Act and invalid according to section 38 § of the Contract Act. Parallel to the contract law regulations the 1969 agreement were regarded as good practice for parties not bound by the agreement. A new collective agreement from 2015 on competition clauses is based on the same restrictive principles regarding competition clauses as the 1969 collective agreement, but it also made a continuing penalty possible in situations were the employee refuses to comply by the competition clause or the new employer pays the penalty. 

The study concludes that the 2015 agreement is to be regarded as good practice by legislative history in the Contract Act opened up for that possibility that not only the 1969 Collective Agreement but also a new successor could be considered as good practice. A continuing penalty is allowed in some special situations. For the continuing penalty to be effective on the employees actions it needs to be allowed for the continuing penalty to exceed the penalty in the competition clause. That does not mean that the continuing penalty isn’t regulated of what the total sum can amount to. In my view there is a likelihood that the continuing penalty is allowed and at most can be from 12 to 18 of the employees monthly wage. My judgement is not based on traditional legal sources but conversations with with knowledgable people working at Teknikföretagen where I had a internship when I wrote this report.}},
  author       = {{Anderson, Hugo}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Konkurrensklausuler - vad betyder de nya reglerna om perdurerande vite?}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}